Journal
NATURE PHYSICS
Volume 15, Issue 7, Pages 665-+Publisher
NATURE PUBLISHING GROUP
DOI: 10.1038/s41567-019-0482-z
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Funding
- KIST institutional programmes [2E29580, 2E27800-18-P044]
- ICT R&D programme of MSIP/IITP [B0101-16-1355]
- National Research Foundation of Korea [2016R1A2A1A05005202, 2016R1A4A1008978]
- Global PhD Fellowship by the National Research Foundation of Korea [2015H1A2A1033028]
- Institute for Information & Communication Technology Planning & Evaluation (IITP), Republic of Korea [2014-3-00524-006, B0101-16-1355] Funding Source: Korea Institute of Science & Technology Information (KISTI), National Science & Technology Information Service (NTIS)
- National Research Foundation of Korea [2015H1A2A1033028, 2E29580] Funding Source: Korea Institute of Science & Technology Information (KISTI), National Science & Technology Information Service (NTIS)
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The state vector representing a quantum system acquires a phase factor following an adiabatic evolution along a closed trajectory in phase space. This is the traditional example of a geometric phase, or Pancharatnam-Berry phase, a concept that has now been generalized beyond cyclic adiabatic evolutions to include generalized quantum measurements, and that has been experimentally measured in a variety of physical systems. However, a clear description of the relationship between the emergence of a geometric phase and the effects of a series of generalized quantum measurements on a quantum system has not yet been provided. Here we report that a sequence of weak measurements with continuously variable measurement strengths in a quantum optics experiment conclusively reveals that the quantum measurement back-action is the source of the geometric phase-that is, the stronger a quantum measurement, the larger the accumulated geometric phase. We furthermore find that in the limit of strong (projective) measurement there is a direct connection between the geometric phase and the sequential weak value, ordinarily associated with a series of weak quantum measurements.
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