Article
Neurosciences
Md. Mominur Rahman, Md. Rezaul Islam, Fatema Akter Supti, Puja Sutro Dhar, Sheikh Shohag, Jannatul Ferdous, Shakil Khan Shuvo, Aklima Akter, Md. Sarowar Hossain, Rohit Sharma
Summary: Neurotrophins and neuropeptides play important roles in regulating peripheral nociceptive nerves and have potential therapeutic applications in neurodegenerative diseases. Neuropeptides have a neuroprotective impact, while neurotrophins target specific neurons affected by various neuropsychiatric conditions. Strategies for BDNF therapies include upregulating BDNF levels and boosting BDNF signals. This review discusses the mechanisms and potential applications of neurotrophins and neuropeptides in acute neural damage and neurodegenerative diseases.
MOLECULAR NEUROBIOLOGY
(2023)
Review
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Nishtha Agnihotri, M. Hasan Mohajeri
Summary: This report systematically reviews preclinical rodent reports on the connection between the composition of the intestinal microbiota and neurogenesis and neurotrophins in the hippocampus. The findings suggest both positive and negative correlations between the microbiota composition and neurogenesis or BDNF expression. Age, SCFA, obesity, and chronic stress are identified as recurring factors in these studies.
INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF MOLECULAR SCIENCES
(2022)
Article
Multidisciplinary Sciences
Zulfeqhar A. Syed, Liping Zhang, Duy T. Tran, Christopher K. E. Bleck, Kelly G. Ten Hagen
Summary: Mucins are large, highly glycosylated proteins that protect epithelial surfaces. This study reveals that multiple mucins undergo restructuring during secretory granule maturation, forming unique structures within the same granule. Temporally-regulated genes, such as those controlling pH, Ca(2+)ions, and Cl- ions, influence mucin restructuring. Altering mucin glycosylation affects secretory granule morphology. Understanding how mucins are packaged and secreted may provide insight into diseases related to mucin secretion.
PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL ACADEMY OF SCIENCES OF THE UNITED STATES OF AMERICA
(2022)
Article
Cell Biology
Gehua Wen, Hao Pang, Xu Wu, Enzhu Jiang, Xique Zhang, Xiaoni Zhan
Summary: The study found a decrease in SGs and marker protein Scg3 in PD mice, with proteomic analysis revealing significant differences in protein expression under MPP+ treatment, highlighting dysfunction in lysosome and peroxisome, lipid and energy metabolism. Protein-protein interaction analysis indicated compromised peptide processing in SGs, with decreased candidate proteins and increased proenkephalin levels. The study provided insights into molecular mechanisms in PD through an extensive proteinogram of SGs.
Article
Multidisciplinary Sciences
Elaine B. Schenk, Frederic A. Meunier, Dietmar B. Oelz
Summary: Simulation results show that neurosecretory vesicles undergo spatial redistribution towards the plasma membrane upon secretagogue stimulation, releasing neurotransmitters through fusion. This redistribution alone explains the observed up-regulation of vesicle transport and its directional bias towards the plasma membrane. Parameter fitting suggests asymmetric vesicle transport with a bias towards the plasma membrane in the deeper cell compartment.
Review
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Juan Carlos Arevalo, Ruben Deogracias
Summary: Brain-derived nerve factor (BDNF), through TrkB receptor activation, modulates many physiological and pathological functions in the nervous system. It is crucial for brain circuit development and maintenance, synaptic plasticity, and neurodegenerative diseases. Regulation of BDNF concentrations at transcriptional, translational, and secretion levels is essential for proper central nervous system function. This review summarizes recent advances in understanding the molecular players involved in BDNF release and discusses how changes in these proteins impact BDNF-mediated functions in physiological and pathological conditions.
Review
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Nils Back, Richard E. Mains, Betty A. Eipper
Summary: The use of peptides for communication in the nervous and endocrine systems begins with the storage of bioactive products like oxytocin, vasopressin, and insulin in electron-dense granules. The final step in the biosynthesis of many peptides involves C-terminal amidation by peptidylglycine alpha-amidating monooxygenase (PAM), which varies in its trafficking and functions across different species and cell types. Studies on PAM reveal a highly conserved mechanism for amidated peptide production and raise questions about its roles in various cellular processes.
Review
Health Care Sciences & Services
Stefania De Simone, Maria Antonella Bosco, Raffaele La Russa, Simona Vittorio, Nicola Di Fazio, Margherita Neri, Luigi Cipolloni, Benedetta Baldari
Summary: According to WHO data, suicide is the fourth-leading cause of death in young people and is considered a public health priority. The diagnosis of mental illness is the leading risk factor for suicide, but not all suicide attempters are psychiatric patients. This review examines the correlation between BDNF and GDNF and suicide and explores the potential of neurotrophins as reliable markers for early diagnosis of suicidal risk. The systematic review of eight research papers suggests a possible connection between BDNF brain levels and complete suicide, while showing less involvement of GDNF in the suicidal dynamic. Further studies are needed to provide more information.
Article
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Md Mostafizur Rahman, Asmita Pathak, Kathryn L. Schueler, Haifa Alsharif, Ava Michl, Justin Alexander, Jeong-A Kim, Sushant Bhatnagar
Summary: Stimulus-coupled insulin secretion involves fusion of insulin granules to the plasma membrane via SNARE complex formation. Deletion of Syt9 protein increases glucose clearance and plasma insulin levels in mice. Syt9 interacts with tomosyn-1 and Stx1A, and its inhibitory effects on insulin secretion are mediated by tomosyn-1.
Article
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Md Mostafizur Rahman, Asmita Pathak, Kathryn L. Schueler, Haifa Alsharif, Ava Michl, Justin Alexander, Jeong-A Kim, Sushant Bhatnagar
Summary: This study shows that the deletion of Synaptotagmin-9 (Syt9) in mice increases glucose clearance and plasma insulin levels, inhibiting insulin secretion and glucose clearance.
Article
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Seiya Asai, Jana Moravcova, Lenka Zakova, Irena Selicharova, Romana Hadravova, Andrzej Marek Brzozowski, Jiri Novacek, Jiri Jiracek
Summary: We found two different rhomboidal crystal lattices in the insulin secretory granules, suggesting the existence of microcrystalline insulin forms, possibly consisting of 4Zn2+-hexamers of this hormone.
Review
Pharmacology & Pharmacy
Zulfeqhar A. Syed, Liping Zhang, Kelly G. Ten Hagen
Summary: The mucus layer that protects epithelial cells is made up of mucin proteins, which are heavily decorated with O-linked sugars. These mucins can form gel-like structures that coat surfaces. Understanding the synthesis and function of mucus is important for the protection and health of internal epithelia.
ADVANCED DRUG DELIVERY REVIEWS
(2022)
Article
Cell Biology
Kylie Deng, Peter Thorn
Summary: This article investigates the relationship between pancreatic β cells and capillaries, and discovers a specialized domain similar to the presynaptic active zone, which anchors the release and secretion of insulin.
Article
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Marina Mirchandani-Duque, Miguel A. Barbancho, Alexander Lopez-Salas, Jose Erik Alvarez-Contino, Natalia Garcia-Casares, Kjell Fuxe, Dasiel O. Borroto-Escuela, Manuel Narvaez
Summary: This study evaluated the role of neuropeptide Y and galanin in hippocampal neurogenesis and found that they improve spatial memory by promoting cell proliferation and inducing neuroprotective factors. This finding provides a potential novel therapy for neurodegenerative cognitive-affecting diseases.
Article
Cell Biology
Muhmmad Omar-Hmeadi, Alenka Gucek, Sebastian Barg
Summary: Phosphatidylinositol(4,5)bisphosphate (PI(4,5)P2) is a crucial phospholipid in regulated exocytosis and some forms of endocytosis. The accumulation of PI(4,5)P2 at the release site inhibits fusion pore expansion and cargo release through an unconventional endocytic mechanism. This process involves the recruitment of endocytic fission machinery and is independent of clathrin-mediated endocytosis.
Article
Neurosciences
Efrain A. Cepeda-Prado, Babak Khodaie, Gloria D. Quiceno, Swantje Beythien, Elke Edelmann, Volkmar Lessmann
Summary: In this study, low repeat STDP experiments were conducted at Schaffer collateral-CA1 synapses, and it was found that only 3-6 repeats were sufficient to trigger t-LTP. 6x 1:1 t-LTP relied on postsynaptic Ca2+ influx and increased presynaptic glutamate release, while 1:4 t-LTP depended on postsynaptic metabotropic GluRs and ryanodine receptor signaling, as well as postsynaptic insertion of AMPA receptors. Both t-LTP variants were strictly dependent on activation of postsynaptic Ca2+-permeable AMPARs, but were differentially regulated by dopamine receptor signaling. These findings indicate that synaptic changes can occur with just a few mild STDP stimulations within a short period of time.
Article
Neurosciences
Xiaoyun Ma, Harish Vuyyuru, Thomas Munsch, Thomas Endres, Volkmar Lessmann, Susanne Meis
Summary: This study focuses on the impact of mature BDNF and proBDNF signaling on long-term depression (LTD) in the lateral amygdala (LA), and finds that proBDNF/p75(NTR) signaling plays a pivotal role in LTD and fear extinction learning.
Article
Biophysics
Daniela Bianchi, Rosanna Migliore, Paola Vitale, Machhindra Garad, Paula A. Pousinha, Helene Marie, Volkmar Lessmann, Michele Migliore
Summary: This paper highlights an electrophysiological feature observed in mouse CA1 pyramidal cells that has been ignored by researchers. The increase in membrane potential during sustained inputs cannot be explained by current computational models. A new model is proposed to address this issue.
BIOPHYSICAL JOURNAL
(2022)
Article
Hematology
Robert Eckenstaler, Anne Ripperger, Michael Hauke, Markus Petermann, Sandra A. Hemkemeyer, Edzard Schwedhelm, Sueleyman Erguen, Maike Frye, Oliver Werz, Andreas Koeberle, Heike Braun, Ralf A. Benndorf
Summary: This study reveals the direct link between upregulation of TP expression and angiostatic TP signaling in endothelial cells, leading to endothelial dysfunction, microvascular rarefaction, and systemic hypertension.
ARTERIOSCLEROSIS THROMBOSIS AND VASCULAR BIOLOGY
(2022)
Article
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Heike Braun, Michael Hauke, Robert Eckenstaler, Markus Petermann, Anne Ripperger, Niklas Kuehn, Edzard Schwedhelm, Beatrice Ludwig-Kraus, Frank Bernhard Kraus, Virginie Dubourg, Alma Zernecke, Barbara Schreier, Michael Gekle, Ralf A. Benndorf
Summary: The study found that vascular smooth muscle cell (VSMC)-specific TP deletion attenuated atherogenesis in mice, without impacting blood pressure or lipid profiles. Additionally, 8-iso-PGF2 alpha appears to reduce atherogenesis in Ldlr-deficient mice, especially in those lacking EC-specific TP. This suggests that the TP expressed in VSMC is involved in atherosclerotic lesion formation and 8-iso-PGF2 alpha has an inhibitory effect on atherogenesis in this experimental model.
FREE RADICAL BIOLOGY AND MEDICINE
(2022)
Article
Cell Biology
Durga Praveen Meka, Oliver Kobler, Shuai Hong, Carina Meta Friedrich, Souhaila Wuesthoff, Melad Henis, Birgit Schwanke, Christoph Krisp, Nessa Schmuelling, Rene Rueter, Tabitha Ruecker, Ewelina Betleja, Tao Cheng, Moe R. Mahjoub, Peter Soba, Hartmut Schluter, Eugenio F. Fornasiero, Froylan Calderon de Anda
Summary: The modification of microtubules plays a critical role in axon development. This study shows that early developing neurons have fewer acetylated microtubules in the cell body, while at later stages these microtubules spread out in the soma and concentrate in the growing axon. The findings suggest that centrosome-dependent microtubule modifications contribute to axon formation.
Article
Pharmacology & Pharmacy
Robert Eckenstaler, Anne Ripperger, Michael Hauke, Heike Braun, Suleyman Erguen, Edzard Schwedhelm, Ralf A. Benndorf
Summary: This study elucidates the mechanism by which TP may disrupt angiogenic endothelial function through the TP-G alpha 13-RhoA/C-ROCK-LIMK2 signal transduction pathway.
BIOCHEMICAL PHARMACOLOGY
(2022)
Article
Cardiac & Cardiovascular Systems
Michael Hauke, Robert Eckenstaler, Anne Ripperger, Anna Ender, Heike Braun, Ralf A. Benndorf
Summary: This study demonstrates that increased RhoA activity has the potential to trigger endothelial dysfunction and anti-angiogenic effects independently of its well-known downstream effectors ROCK and LIMK.
JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN HEART ASSOCIATION
(2022)
Article
Neurosciences
Julia Leschik, Antonietta Gentile, Cigdem Cicek, Sophie Peron, Margaryta Tevosian, Annika Beer, Konstantin Radyushkin, Anna Bludau, Karl Ebner, Inga Neumann, Nicolas Singewald, Benedikt Berninger, Volkmar Lessmann, Beat Lutz
Summary: The neurotrophin brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) affects adult neurogenesis, structural plasticity and function of serotonergic neurons. Both BDNF/TrkB signaling and serotonergic system regulate behavioral responses to stress. Overexpression of BDNF in serotonergic neurons enhances hippocampus-dependent contextual learning and reduces the impact of chronic social defeat stress (CSDS). Increased neurogenesis is correlated with improved stress resilience.
PROGRESS IN NEUROBIOLOGY
(2022)
Article
Neurosciences
Merel O. Mol, Suzanne S. M. Miedema, Shamiram Melhem, Ka Wan Li, Frank Koopmans, Harro Seelaar, Kurt Gottmann, Volkmar Lessmann, Netherlands Brain Bank, August B. Smit, John C. van Swieten, Jeroen G. J. van Rooij
Summary: This study discovered an increase in specific cell adhesion proteins in semantic dementia (SD), constituting the cadherin-catenin complex at the synaptic membrane, which is essential for synaptic signaling. These findings may help unravel the disease processes underlying SD.
ACTA NEUROPATHOLOGICA COMMUNICATIONS
(2022)
Review
Clinical Neurology
Volkmar Lessmann, Georgia-Ioanna Kartalou, Thomas Endres, Marc Pawlitzki, Kurt Gottmann
Summary: Effective medication for Alzheimer's disease patients is urgently needed. Previous studies suggested that physical exercise or changed lifestyle can delay AD-related dysfunctions, but a pharmacological treatment to reverse memory deficits in AD patients has not been identified. Recent studies suggest that anti-inflammatory medication and repurposing of FDA-approved drugs may be promising approaches for AD treatment.
JOURNAL OF NEURAL TRANSMISSION
(2023)
Article
Clinical Neurology
Benita Klaus, Patrick Mueller, Nora van Wickeren, Milos Dordevic, Marlen Schmicker, Yael Zdunczyk, Tanja Brigadski, Volkmar Lessmann, Stefan Vielhaber, Stefanie Schreiber, Notger G. Mueller
Summary: Myasthenia gravis is an autoimmune disease that causes skeletal muscle weakness and can also lead to systemic inflammation, cognitive deficits, and autonomic dysfunction. This study found structural and functional brain changes in patients with myasthenia gravis, which were associated with cognitive deficits in memory and executive functions.
BRAIN COMMUNICATIONS
(2022)
