Article
Virology
Nathan A. Krump, Ranran Wang, Wei Liu, June F. Yang, Tongcui Ma, Jianxin You
Summary: MCPyV, which can cause Merkel cell carcinoma, infects most humans asymptomatically. Understanding MCPyV biology and its interaction with host immune response may help develop targeted therapies for MCC. MCPyV replication induces an innate immune response, involving cGAS-STING, NF-kappa B, and IFI16 pathways.
JOURNAL OF VIROLOGY
(2021)
Review
Immunology
Michelle Felicia Lee, Guan Zhong Voon, Hui Xuan Lim, Mun Lok Chua, Chit Laa Poh
Summary: Dengue is a mosquito-borne disease that poses significant public health concerns in tropical and subtropical countries. The dengue virus has evolved various strategies to manipulate the host's immune responses, and miRNAs and DENV non-structural proteins (NS) are promising targets for anti-dengue therapeutics.
FRONTIERS IN CELLULAR AND INFECTION MICROBIOLOGY
(2022)
Article
Multidisciplinary Sciences
Jack Chun-Chieh Hsu, Maudry Laurent-Rolle, Joanna B. Pawlak, Craig B. Wilen, Peter Cresswell
Summary: SARS-CoV-2 shuts down host innate immune responses through the translation inhibition activity of NSP14, revealing insights into the pathogenesis of the virus.
PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL ACADEMY OF SCIENCES OF THE UNITED STATES OF AMERICA
(2021)
Review
Immunology
David P. Maison, Youping Deng, Mariana Gerschenson
Summary: The SARS-CoV-2 pandemic and COVID-19 disease have had a global impact, sparking a significant surge in research. To evaluate future approaches, understanding the host immune response and viral antagonism is crucial. This review summarizes current knowledge on SARS-CoV-2, focusing on the viral genome, replication cycle, host immune activation, response, signaling, and antagonism. Efforts should be directed towards current research to develop treatments and prepare for future outbreaks.
FRONTIERS IN IMMUNOLOGY
(2023)
Review
Immunology
Zhijie Jian, Rui Ma, Ling Zhu, Huidan Deng, Fengqin Li, Jun Zhao, Lishuang Deng, Siyuan Lai, Xiangang Sun, Huaqiao Tang, Zhiwen Xu
Summary: This article reviews the strategies used by Arteriviruses to antagonize IFN production and thwart IFN-activated antiviral signaling, emphasizing the significance of this research in understanding the pathogenesis of arthritis virus and developing vaccines.
FRONTIERS IN IMMUNOLOGY
(2022)
Article
Immunology
Raghad Khaleafi, Jelena Zeleznjak, Sapir Cordela, Shani Drucker, Tihana Lenac Rovis, Stipan Jonjic, Yotam Bar-On
Summary: Reovirus infection can downregulate NKG2D ligands on tumor cells, impairing the recognition and elimination of tumors by natural killer (NK) cells. This finding may lead to the development of new reovirus-based therapeutics to enhance the anti-tumor immune response.
FRONTIERS IN IMMUNOLOGY
(2023)
Review
Immunology
Hongnuan Wang, Wei Li, Shijun J. Zheng
Summary: Innate immunity plays a crucial role in defending against pathogenic infections, and studying avian viruses can help develop new vaccines and treatments.
FRONTIERS IN IMMUNOLOGY
(2022)
Article
Microbiology
Prasad Dasari, Maria Nordengruen, Claudia Vilhena, Leif Steil, Goran Abdurrahman, Kristin Surmann, Vishnu Dhople, Julia Lahrberg, Claus Bachert, Christine Skerka, Uwe Voelker, Barbara M. Broeker, Peter F. Zipfel
Summary: SplB, a protease produced by Staphylococcus aureus, inhibits the host immune response by cleaving specific human complement proteins. It reduces opsonophagocytosis by neutrophils and prevents deposition of C5b-9 on the bacterial surface. SplB is considered a novel staphylococcal complement evasion protein.
JOURNAL OF BACTERIOLOGY
(2022)
Review
Immunology
Kuan Zhao, Shixia Zhang, Xiaona Liu, Xiaoran Guo, Zhaomeng Guo, Xiaozhan Zhang, Wanzhe Yuan
Summary: The article discusses the interaction between senecavirus A (SVA) and the innate immunity of host cells. SVA has developed mechanisms to evade the host's innate immune response, and understanding these evasion strategies can provide insights for understanding its pathogenesis and developing antiviral strategies.
FRONTIERS IN IMMUNOLOGY
(2022)
Review
Immunology
Shubo Wen, Xintong Li, Xiangyu Lv, Kai Liu, Jingqiang Ren, Jingbo Zhai, Yang Song
Summary: Interferon (IFN) is a crucial antiviral cytokine involved in host defense against virus invasion. Pathogens have developed strategies to escape the IFN-mediated immune response. This review focuses on the mechanisms mediated by Npro of pestiviruses to counteract IFN production.
FRONTIERS IN IMMUNOLOGY
(2023)
Review
Immunology
Shuai Yang, Weishan Shen, Jiajia Hu, Sihui Cai, Chenqiu Zhang, Shouheng Jin, Xiangdong Guan, Jianfeng Wu, Yaoxing Wu, Jun Cui
Summary: Spatiotemporal separation of cellular components is crucial for biochemical processes. Membrane-bound organelles isolate intracellular components, while membraneless organelles are uncovered via liquid-liquid phase separation (LLPS) to organize cellular processes. LLPS plays a role in viral replication and host antiviral immune responses. Understanding the roles of LLPS in virus infection may lead to new treatment strategies for viral infectious diseases.
FRONTIERS IN IMMUNOLOGY
(2023)
Article
Immunology
Xiaowu Bai, Weixin Liu, Hongxia Chen, Tao Zuo, Xiaojian Wu
Summary: By analyzing RNA-seq data from patients with IBD (including CD and UC) and healthy individuals, this study revealed increased numbers of immune cells in different intestinal regions and disease-specific immune features in CD and UC. These findings provide important insights into the pathogenesis of IBD and serve as a valuable resource for future targeted studies.
FRONTIERS IN IMMUNOLOGY
(2022)
Review
Microbiology
Chongyang Wang, Ting Wang, Liuyuan Duan, Hui Chen, Ruochen Hu, Xiangwei Wang, Yanqing Jia, Zhili Chu, Haijin Liu, Xinglong Wang, Shuxia Zhang, Sa Xiao, Juan Wang, Ruyi Dang, Zengqi Yang
Summary: Paramyxoviruses have developed multiple strategies to evade host antiviral innate immunity, with accessory proteins playing a key role in antagonizing type I interferon production and other antiviral innate immune responses. The mechanisms by which these accessory proteins target adaptors in the antiviral innate immune signaling pathway to facilitate virus replication vary among viruses. Additionally, cellular responses involved in viral replication will be briefly summarized.
FRONTIERS IN MICROBIOLOGY
(2022)
Review
Cell Biology
Mohammad Hossein Razizadeh, Alireza Zafarani, Mahsa Taghavi-Farahabadi, Hossein Khorramdelazad, Sara Minaeian, Mohammad Mahmoudi
Summary: This article initially examines the role of natural killer cells in various viral infections and the mechanisms used by viruses to evade these important immune system cells. Subsequently, it discusses the role of NK cell-derived exosomes in controlling various viral infections. Finally, it reviews the current position of these cells in the treatment of viral infections and the therapeutic potential of their exosomes.
CELL COMMUNICATION AND SIGNALING
(2023)
Review
Immunology
Feng Pang, Qinqin Long, Min Wei
Summary: This article provides an overview of how bovine viral diarrhea virus (BVDV) evades the host's immune response through various immune evasion strategies, thereby promoting the virus's survival and replication. Understanding BVDV's immune evasion strategies can enhance our knowledge of its pathogenesis and contribute to the development of more effective prevention, control, and eradication measures.
FRONTIERS IN CELLULAR AND INFECTION MICROBIOLOGY
(2023)
Article
Multidisciplinary Sciences
Benjamin J. Ravenhill, Lior Soday, Jack Houghton, Robin Antrobus, Michael P. Weekes
SCIENTIFIC REPORTS
(2020)
Article
Biology
Lucy Rivett, Sushmita Sridhar, Dominic Sparkes, Matthew Routledge, Nick K. Jones, Sally Forrest, Jamie Young, Joana Pereira-Dias, William L. Hamilton, Mark Ferris, M. Estee Torok, Luke Meredith, Martin D. Curran, Stewart Fuller, Afzal Chaudhry, Ashley Shaw, Richard J. Samworth, John R. Bradley, Gordon Dougan, Kenneth G. C. Smith, Paul J. Lehner, Nicholas J. Matheson, Giles Wright, Ian G. Goodfellow, Stephen Baker, Michael P. Weekes
Article
Multidisciplinary Sciences
Alice Fletcher-Etherington, Luis Nobre, Katie Nightingale, Robin Antrobus, Jenna Nichols, Andrew J. Davison, Richard J. Stanton, Michael P. Weekes
PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL ACADEMY OF SCIENCES OF THE UNITED STATES OF AMERICA
(2020)
Article
Biology
Nick K. Jones, Lucy Rivett, Dominic Sparkes, Sally Forrest, Sushmita Sridhar, Jamie Young, Joana Pereira-Dias, Claire Cormie, Harmeet Gill, Nicola Reynolds, Michelle Wantoch, Matthew Routledge, Ben Warne, Jack Levy, William David Cordova Jimenez, Fathima Nisha Begum Samad, Chris McNicholas, Mark Ferris, Jane Gray, Michael Gill, Martin D. Curran, Stewart Fuller, Afzal Chaudhry, Ashley Shaw, John R. Bradley, Gregory J. Hannon, Ian G. Goodfellow, Gordon Dougan, Kenneth G. C. Smith, Paul J. Lehner, Giles Wright, Nicholas J. Matheson, Stephen Baker, Michael P. Weekes
Article
Immunology
Betty Lau, Karen Kerr, Quan Gu, Katie Nightingale, Robin Antrobus, Nicolas M. Suarez, Richard J. Stanton, Eddie C. Y. Wang, Michael P. Weekes, Andrew J. Davison
FRONTIERS IN CELLULAR AND INFECTION MICROBIOLOGY
(2020)
Article
Immunology
Kai-Min Lin, Katie Nightingale, Lior Soday, Robin Antrobus, Michael P. Weekes
Summary: The study identified 133 proteins degraded during early HCMV infection, with most rescued by MG132 and bortezomib, indicating the predominant role of proteasome in protein degradation by HCMV. This research provides insight into viral biology and potential antiviral therapeutic strategies by investigating mechanisms of host protein degradation.
FRONTIERS IN CELLULAR AND INFECTION MICROBIOLOGY
(2021)
Article
Medicine, Research & Experimental
Virginia-Maria Vlahava, Isa Murrell, Lihui Zhuang, Rebecca J. Aicheler, Eleanor Lim, Kelly L. Miners, Kristin Ladell, Nicolas M. Suarez, David A. Price, Andrew J. Davison, Gavin W. G. Wilkinson, Mark R. Wills, Michael P. Weekes, Eddie C. Y. Wang, Richard J. Stanton
Summary: Research has shown that the addition of anti-HCMV antibodies can activate NK cells through ADCC, overcoming viral immune evasins; screening of HCMV proteins identified viral antigens responsible for ADCC activation, including immune evasins; and cloned antibodies targeting a single antigen were found to be effective in mediating ADCC against HCMV-infected cells, even at low concentrations.
JOURNAL OF CLINICAL INVESTIGATION
(2021)
Article
Immunology
Lior Soday, Martin Potts, Leah M. Hunter, Benjamin J. Ravenhill, Jack W. Houghton, James C. Williamson, Robin Antrobus, Mark R. Wills, Nicholas J. Matheson, Michael P. Weekes
Summary: This study reveals the variability of IFN alpha 2a effects among primary human immune cells, with differences in response observed between CD4+ T cells and monocytes. The research provides a comprehensive map of IFN alpha 2a-stimulated primary immune cell surface proteins and highlights the importance of understanding the impact of IFN on plasma membrane proteins for antiviral immunity and therapy.
FRONTIERS IN IMMUNOLOGY
(2021)
Article
Gastroenterology & Hepatology
Peter A. C. Wing, Peter Jianrui Liu, James M. Harris, Andrea Magri, Thomas Michler, Xiaodong Zhuang, Helene Borrmann, Rosalba Minisini, Nicholas R. Frampton, Jochen M. Wettengel, Laurent Mailly, Valentina D'Arienzo, Tobias Riedl, Luis Nobre, Michael P. Weekes, Mario Pirisi, Mathias Heikenwalder, Thomas F. Baumert, Ester M. Hammond, David R. Mole, Ulrike Protzer, Peter Balfe, Jane A. McKeating
Summary: HIFs play a crucial role in regulating HBV replication, revealing an evolutionary mechanism by which HBV exploits the HIF signaling pathway to persist in the low oxygen environment of the liver.
JOURNAL OF HEPATOLOGY
(2021)
Article
Cell Biology
Stephanie Pei Tung Yiu, Rui Guo, Cassie Zerbe, Michael P. Weekes, Benjamin E. Gewurz
Summary: The Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) has strategies to evade intrinsic antiviral responses by using nuclear membrane-less replication compartments (RCs) for its lytic cycle amplification. This study reveals that EBV depletes the cohesin SMC5/6, which plays important roles in chromosome maintenance and DNA damage repair. Moreover, the tegument protein BNRF1 targets SMC5/6 complexes, affecting RC formation and encapsidation. This research highlights the roles of SMC5/6 as an immune sensor and restriction factor in the context of human herpesvirus RC and provides implications for understanding the pathogenesis of EBV-associated cancers.
Article
Microbiology
Delphine M. Depierreux, Arwen F. Altenburg, Lior Soday, Alice Fletcher-Etherington, Robin Anthrobus, Brian J. Ferguson, Michael P. Weekes, Geoffrey L. Smith
Summary: This study systematically investigates the cell surface proteins during infection with vaccinia virus (VACV), revealing the nature and kinetics of VACV proteins and the alteration of cellular surface proteins. The study identifies potential novel immune evasion strategies and host proteins regulating immune activation. Comparisons with existing datasets provide further insight into mechanisms used to regulate surface protein expression. The findings offer a valuable resource for studying viral immune evasion mechanisms and novel host proteins critical in host immunity.
Article
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Tomasz H. Benedyk, Viv Connor, Eve R. Caroe, Maria Shamin, Dmitri I. Svergun, Janet E. Deane, Cy M. Jeffries, Colin M. Crump, Stephen C. Graham
Summary: Herpes simplex virus-1 (HSV-1) alters cellular membrane lipid composition during infection. This study demonstrates that a virus-encoded protein, pUL21, promotes the conversion of ceramide (Cer) to sphingomyelin (SM) by activating CERT. The study also reveals the importance of specific protein-protein interactions in HSV-1 mediated sphingolipid metabolism.
JOURNAL OF BIOLOGICAL CHEMISTRY
(2022)
Article
Multidisciplinary Sciences
Oliver M. Crook, Colin T. R. Davies, Lisa M. Breckels, Josie A. Christopher, Laurent Gatto, Paul D. W. Kirk, Kathryn S. Lilley
Summary: The steady-state localisation and re-localisation of proteins are crucial for understanding their function and cellular dynamics, with high-throughput methods like BANDLE using Bayesian principles to accurately compute differential protein localisation probabilities upon cellular perturbation, reducing errors compared to existing approaches.
NATURE COMMUNICATIONS
(2022)
Article
Virology
Natalia S. S. Barbosa, Juan O. O. Concha, Luis L. P. daSilva, Colin M. M. Crump, Stephen C. C. Graham
Summary: Oropouche virus causes a debilitating illness called Oropouche fever, which is common in South America. The virus has the ability to reassort its genome and has caused multiple epidemics in the region over the last 50 years, posing a significant threat to public health. The study investigates the cellular determinants and mechanisms involved in Oropouche virus replication and secretion.
JOURNAL OF VIROLOGY
(2023)
Review
Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology
Jake Barker, Luis L. P. da Silva, Colin M. Crump
Summary: Unlike other RNA viruses, Bunyavirales bud at Golgi membranes rather than the plasma membrane. The envelope glycoproteins Gn and Gc play crucial roles in this process, undergoing proteolytic processing, glycosylation, and trafficking to the Golgi, where they interact with viral genome segments and bud into Golgi-derived compartments. Genome packaging during virion assembly can result in reassorted viruses if a cell is co-infected with different bunyaviruses, leading to highly pathogenic viruses, as seen in the emergence of Schmallenberg virus. This review focuses on the assembly pathways of tri-segmented bunyaviruses and identifies areas for further research on these important zoonotic pathogens.
JOURNAL OF GENERAL VIROLOGY
(2023)