Journal
13TH OESO WORLD CONFERENCE: THE ESOPHAGIOME I
Volume 1380, Issue -, Pages 48-57Publisher
BLACKWELL SCIENCE PUBL
DOI: 10.1111/nyas.13168
Keywords
gastroesophageal junction; lower esophageal sphincter; clasp muscle; sling muscle; GERD
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Funding
- NIDDK NIH HHS [R01 DK079954] Funding Source: Medline
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The high-pressure zone of the gastroesophageal junction acts as a multifunctional valve that comprises different groups of smooth muscles located in the distal esophagus and the proximal stomach, in addition to the extrinsic crural diaphragm, composed of skeletal muscle. In this review article, we evaluate the current literature with respect to human subjects, discussing the anatomic locations and physiologic and pharmacologic processes controlling these muscles. These muscles work individually and as a group to prevent reflux of gastric contents while allowing anterograde passage of food and liquid and retrograde passage of gas. We also reviewed new findings with respect to abnormalities that are permissive of reflux of gastric contents into the esophagus, which may lead to gastroesophageal reflux disease.
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