Article
Immunology
Smritee Dabee, Ramla F. Tanko, Bryan P. Brown, Rubina Bunjun, Christina Balle, Colin Feng, Iyaloo N. Konstantinus, Shameem Z. Jaumdally, Maricianah Onono, Gonasagrie Nair, Thesla Palanee-Phillips, Katherine Gill, Jared M. Baeten, Linda-Gail Bekker, Jo-Ann S. Passmore, Renee Heffron, Heather B. Jaspan, Anna-Ursula Happel
Summary: In this study, the effects of intramuscular depo-medroxyprogesterone acetate (DMPA-IM) versus injectable norethisterone enanthate (NET-EN) on cervicovaginal cytokines and microbiota in women at high risk for sexually transmitted infections (STIs) were compared. Both contraceptives did not lead to significant inflammatory or microbiota changes in the female genital tract of sub-Saharan African women, suggesting that NET-EN may be a viable option for contraception in this population.
FRONTIERS IN IMMUNOLOGY
(2021)
Article
Endocrinology & Metabolism
Eija K. Laakkonen, Jari E. Karppinen, Satu Lehti, Earric Lee, Emilia Pesonen, Hanna-Kaarina Juppi, Urho M. Kujala, Eero A. Haapala, Pauliina Aukee, Jari A. Laukkanen, Johanna K. Ihalainen
Summary: This study investigated the association of sex hormones with arterial stiffness in women aged 19-58 years. While age seemed to have a significant impact on arterial stiffness across a wide age range, the hormonal status showed differential associations with arterial stiffness in age-group focused analyses. Further research is needed to clarify potential hormone-mediated mechanisms affecting arterial elasticity.
FRONTIERS IN ENDOCRINOLOGY
(2021)
Article
Oncology
Lisa Iversen, Shona Fielding, Ojvind Lidegaard, Philip C. Hannaford
Summary: The study found that the use of any hormonal contraceptives increases the risk of cervical cancer, especially in current or recent users. The risk is higher with combined contraceptives compared to progestin-only contraceptives, affecting both adenocarcinoma and squamous cancer.
INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF CANCER
(2021)
Article
Immunology
Elizabeth H. Byrne, Mara Farcasanu, Seth M. Bloom, Nondumiso Xulu, Jiawu Xu, Barry L. Hykes, Nomfuneko A. Mafunda, Matthew R. Hayward, Mary Dong, Krista L. Dong, Thandeka Gumbi, Fransisca Xolisile Ceasar, Nasreen Ismail, Thumbi Ndung'u, Christina Gosmann, Musie S. Ghebremichael, Scott A. Handley, Caroline M. Mitchell, Alexandra-Chloe Villani, Douglas S. Kwon
Summary: The female genital tract microbiome is closely linked to reproductive health outcomes, with dysbiosis associated with mucosal inflammation and poor reproductive results. Research shows that the contraceptive depot medroxyprogesterone acetate (DMPA) is associated with significant transcriptional changes across multiple cell lineages and inflammatory signatures compared to dysbiosis. An integrated, systems-level approach is crucial in understanding host-microbe interactions in the complex system of the FGT mucosa, with consideration for important variables such as reproductive hormones.
FRONTIERS IN CELLULAR AND INFECTION MICROBIOLOGY
(2021)
Review
Immunology
Kazuhide Takada, Vyacheslav G. Melnikov, Ryoki Kobayashi, Shihoko Komine-Aizawa, Noriko M. Tsuji, Satoshi Hayakawa
Summary: This review discusses the bidirectional communication between the female reproductive tract (FRT) and remote/versatile organs in the body. The framework of the FRT-organ axes, including various axes such as the vagina-gut axis and uterus-brain axis, is comprehensively discussed. Each axis is not only involved in gynecological diseases, but also diseases occurring outside the FRT. The investigation of the FRT-organ axes provides a multi-centric approach to understand the homeostatic mechanism of women's bodies and may lead to new therapeutic approaches for women's health.
FRONTIERS IN IMMUNOLOGY
(2023)
Article
Physiology
Valerie Bougault, Sandrine Schiano-Lomoriello, Carole Castanier, Corinne Buisson, Magnus Ericsson, Caroline Teulier, Katia Collomp
Summary: The aim of this study was to examine the association between physical activity and combined hormonal contraception on female students' self perception of menstrual cycle symptoms. The study found that female students engaging in high intensity physical activity reported fewer perceived symptoms and this effect was more pronounced when combined with the use of CHC. Additionally, female students engaging in high intensity physical activity also reported less university absenteeism and impairment in physical activities.
FRONTIERS IN PHYSIOLOGY
(2023)
Review
Genetics & Heredity
Cindrilla Chumduri, Margherita Y. Turco
Summary: The healthy functioning of the female reproductive tract relies on balanced hormonal regulation during different reproductive stages. The mucosal epithelial lining in various regions of the FRT enables selective transport of gametes and successful transfer of the zygote. Three-dimensional organoid systems from the FRT now offer valuable experimental models for studying normal physiology and disease.
JOURNAL OF MOLECULAR MEDICINE-JMM
(2021)
Article
Multidisciplinary Sciences
Jasmine C. Labuda, Oanh H. Pham, Claire E. Depew, Kevin D. Fong, Bokyung Lee, Jordan A. Rixon, Stephen J. McSorley
Summary: Barrier tissues can be protected from infections such as Chlamydia via circulating immune memory, even in the absence of tissue-resident immune cells. Blocking the rapid mobilization of circulating memory CD4 T cells to the female reproductive tract inhibits this protective response. This provides an unexpected opportunity for vaccine development against infections of the female reproductive tract.
PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL ACADEMY OF SCIENCES OF THE UNITED STATES OF AMERICA
(2021)
Review
Oncology
Luz Angela de la Roche, Angelica Acevedo-Mesa, Ingrid Lizeth Lizarazo, Rajesh Devassy, Sven Becker, Harald Krentel, Rudy Leon De Wilde
Summary: This study aims to summarize evidence from observational studies on the association between lifetime use of hormonal contraceptives and the risk of breast cancer in women of reproductive age. The meta-analysis of 22 studies suggests that there is a significantly higher risk of developing breast cancer in ever users of hormonal contraceptives. However, the high heterogeneity among studies and publication biases should be taken into consideration when interpreting the results.
Article
Pharmacology & Pharmacy
Ebru Altuntas, Ismaiel A. Tekko, Lalitkumar K. Vora, Narender Kumar, Rebecca Brodsky, Olivier Chevallier, Emma McAlister, Qonita Kurnia Anjani, Helen O. McCarthy, Ryan F. Donnelly
Summary: This study developed a new drug delivery system, bilayer dissolving microneedles array (DMNs) loaded with NES-nanosuspension (NES-NS) to deliver NES intradermally. The results of animal experiments showed that the DMNs successfully delivered NES into the skin and rapidly reached high concentrations, indicating the potential application of this system for on demand hormonal female-controlled pericoital contraception.
INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF PHARMACEUTICS
(2022)
Article
Biology
Sara Pagliarani, Chiara Palmieri, Michael McGowan, Frank Carrick, Jackson Boyd, Stephen D. Johnston, Dongbao Chen
Summary: The koala has recently been listed as an endangered species due to challenges associated with habitat fragmentation, climate change, and disease. This article presents the findings of two PhD theses, providing a detailed description of the female koala reproductive anatomy and histology. The research focuses on artificial insemination and the histopathological changes in the urogenital system caused by Chlamydia spp. infections.
Review
Microbiology
Bin Zhu, Zhi Tao, Laahirie Edupuganti, Myrna G. Serrano, Gregory A. Buck
Summary: The microbiome of the female reproductive tract has a unique biodiversity, with a homogeneous Lactobacillus-based microbiome associated with health and other taxa associated with dysbiosis and disease. Recent research efforts have focused on understanding how these microorganisms influence gynecologic and reproductive health.
MICROBIOLOGY AND MOLECULAR BIOLOGY REVIEWS
(2022)
Article
Biology
Yuan Su, Shilin Tian, Diyan Li, Wei Zhu, Tao Wang, Shailendra Kumar Mishra, Ranlei Wei, Zhongxian Xu, Mengnan He, Xiaoling Zhao, Huadong Yin, Xiaolan Fan, Bo Zeng, Mingyao Yang, Deying Yang, Qingyong Ni, Yan Li, Mingwang Zhang, Qing Zhu, Mingzhou Li
Summary: The microbiota in the reproductive tract of chickens plays a significant role in egg production, with microbial species related to immune function potentially enhancing egg production. Differences in reproductive tract microbiota were found to be more strongly associated with egg production than those in the digestive tract.
Article
Veterinary Sciences
Shiri Novak, Boris Yakobson, Shir Sorek, Liat Morgan, Smadar Tal, Ran Nivy, Roni King, Lauren Jaebker, Douglas C. Eckery, Tal Raz
Summary: The overpopulation of free-roaming cats presents various challenges, and there is a need for non-surgical immunocontraception methods. This study found that combined vaccination with anti-GnRH and rabies vaccines in feral cats is safe and effective in the short term, with further long-term studies recommended.
FRONTIERS IN VETERINARY SCIENCE
(2021)
Article
Endocrinology & Metabolism
Analuce Canha-Gouveia, Inmaculada Perez-Prieto, Carmen Martinez Rodriguez, Teresa Escamez, Irene Leones-Banos, Eduardo Salas-Espejo, Maria Teresa Prieto-Sanchez, Maria Luisa Sanchez-Ferrer, Pilar Coy, Signe Altmae
Summary: The female reproductive tract harbours distinct microbial communities in the endometrium and the Fallopian tubes. These microbiome profiles are unique to each individual but also share some similarities. Understanding the composition of the upper reproductive tract microbiome is important for reproductive functions and infertility treatment.
FRONTIERS IN ENDOCRINOLOGY
(2023)
Article
Immunology
Alicia R. Berard, Charlene Miller, Mariluz Arainga, Courtney Ann Broedlow, Laura Noel-Romas, Luca Schifanella, Tiffany Hensley-McBain, Alex Roederer, Connor B. Driscoll, Ernesto Coronado, Jennifer Manuzak, Lyle R. McKinnon, Francois Villinger, Thomas J. Hope, Adam D. Burgener, Nichole R. Klatt
Summary: The study did not find significant differences in HIV susceptibility between adolescents and adults, and the model used may not adequately represent biological factors contributing to these differences, making it inappropriate for exploring differences in HIV risk among human adolescents.
AIDS RESEARCH AND HUMAN RETROVIRUSES
(2021)
Article
Immunology
Robert J. Schieffer, Ewa Bryndza Tfaily, Richard D'Aquila, George J. Greene, Alex Carballo-Dieguez, Rebecca Giguere, Christine Tagliaferri Rael, Patrick F. Kiser, Thomas J. Hope
Summary: Long-acting delivery modalities of HIV pre-exposure prophylaxis, such as subdermal implants, are being developed and were generally well-received by both physicians and men who have sex with men (MSM). Critical attributes for adoption included infection risk, protection duration, and side effect advantages, though concerns about side effects, safety, cost, and the implantation procedure were also noted.
AIDS RESEARCH AND HUMAN RETROVIRUSES
(2022)
Article
Virology
Christophe Vanpouille, Gokce Gunaydin, Mattias Jangard, Mario Clerici, Leonid Margolis, Kristina Broliden, Andrea Introini
Summary: The study found that medroxyprogesterone acetate can reduce the replication of HIV-1 strains and the production of inflammatory mediators, while progesterone has no effect on HIV-1 replication. High doses of MPA may affect immune responses in lymphoid tissue in a glucocorticoid-like manner.
Article
Multidisciplinary Sciences
Lamiaa El-Shennawy, Andrew D. Hoffmann, Nurmaa Khund Dashzeveg, Kathleen M. McAndrews, Paul J. Mehl, Daphne Cornish, Zihao Yu, Valerie L. Tokars, Vlad Nicolaescu, Anastasia Tomatsidou, Chengsheng Mao, Christopher J. Felicelli, Chia-Feng Tsai, Carolina Ostiguin, Yuzhi Jia, Lin Li, Kevin Furlong, Jan Wysocki, Xin Luo, Carolina F. Ruivo, Daniel Batlle, Thomas J. Hope, Yang Shen, Young Kwang Chae, Hui Zhang, Valerie S. LeBleu, Tujin Shi, Suchitra Swaminathan, Yuan Luo, Dominique Missiakas, Glenn C. Randall, Alexis R. Demonbreun, Michael G. Ison, Raghu Kalluri, Deyu Fang, Huiping Liu
Summary: El-Shennawy et al. found that circulating extracellular vesicles (evACE2) are associated with COVID-19 severity and have a higher efficacy in inhibiting the infection of SARS-CoV-2 variants compared to soluble ACE2. This study is important for the development of therapeutic approaches against current and future coronavirus infections.
NATURE COMMUNICATIONS
(2022)
Article
Microbiology
Roslyn A. Taylor, Michael D. McRaven, Ann M. Carias, Meegan R. Anderson, Edgar Matias, Mariluz Arainga, Edward J. Allen, Kenneth A. Rogers, Sandeep Gupta, Viraj Kulkarni, Samir Lakhashe, Ramon Lorenzo-Redondo, Yanique Thomas, Amanda Strickland, Francois J. Villinger, Ruth M. Ruprecht, Thomas J. Hope
Summary: The study showed that HIV rapidly spread and penetrated the entire gastrointestinal tract in neonatal rhesus macaques as early as four hours after oral viral challenge, with the largest number of infected cells found in the small and large intestine at 96 hours, predominantly T cells. These findings highlight the importance of understanding viral distribution and infection dynamics in neonates.
Article
Immunology
Brandon J. Beddingfield, Nicholas J. Maness, Alyssa C. Fears, Jay Rappaport, Pyone Pyone Aye, Kasi Russell-Lodrigue, Lara A. Doyle-Meyers, Robert V. Blair, Ann M. Carias, Patrick J. Madden, Ramon Lorenzo Redondo, Hongmei Gao, David Montefiori, Thomas J. Hope, Chad J. Roy
Summary: The study in rhesus macaques showed that combinatory parenteral administration of two high-affinity anti-SARS-CoV-2 monoclonal antibodies effectively blocked the development of COVID-19 and accelerated the prospect of clinical studies with this antibody combination. The dose and timing of administration had an impact on the efficacy of infection prevention.
FRONTIERS IN CELLULAR AND INFECTION MICROBIOLOGY
(2021)
Article
Immunology
Patrick J. Madden, Muhammad S. Arif, Mark E. Becker, Michael D. McRaven, Ann M. Carias, Ramon Lorenzo-Redondo, Sixia Xiao, Cecily C. Midkiff, Robert V. Blair, Elizabeth Lake Potter, Laura Martin-Sancho, Alan Dodson, Elena Martinelli, John-Paul M. Todd, Francois J. Villinger, Sumit K. Chanda, Pyone Pyone Aye, Chad J. Roy, Mario Roederer, Mark G. Lewis, Ronald S. Veazey, Thomas J. Hope
Summary: A novel antibody-based fluorescent probe system was developed to successfully identify sites of SARS-CoV-2 infection in rhesus macaques, demonstrating its potential for studying viral spread dynamics in vivo. The probe signal differentiated lungs of macaques infected for different durations and confirmed infected cell frequency and density in tissue blocks, providing proof of concept for using in vivo antibody-based probes in studying SARS-CoV-2 infection dynamics.
FRONTIERS IN IMMUNOLOGY
(2021)
Article
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Sunnie M. Yoh, Joao Mamede, Derrick Lau, Narae Ahn, Maria T. Sanchez-Aparicio, Joshua Temple, Andrew Tuckwell, Nina Fuchs, Gianguido C. Cianci, Laura Riva, Heather Curry, Xin Yin, Stephanie Gambut, Lacy M. Simons, Judd F. Hultquist, Renate Koenig, Yong Xiong, Adolfo Garcia-Sastre, Till Bocking, Thomas J. Hope, Sumit K. Chanda
Summary: This study reveals a two-factor authentication strategy by the innate surveillance machinery to selectively respond to low concentration of HIV-1 DNA, using the decoration of PQBP1 on the viral capsid and the recruitment of cGAS.
Review
Medicine, General & Internal
Sean M. Hughes, Claire N. Levy, Ronit Katz, Erica M. Lokken, Melis N. Anahtar, Melissa Barousse Hall, Frideborg Bradley, Philip E. Castle, Valerie Cortez, Gustavo F. Doncel, Raina Fichorova, Paul L. Fidel, Keith R. Fowke, Suzanna C. Francis, Mimi Ghosh, Loris Y. Hwang, Mariel Jais, Vicky Jespers, Vineet Joag, Rupert Kaul, Jordan Kyongo, Timothy Lahey, Huiying Li, Julia Makinde, Lyle R. McKinnon, Anna-Barbara Moscicki, Richard M. Novak, Mickey V. Patel, Intira Sriprasert, Andrea R. Thurman, Sergey Yegorov, Nelly Rwamba Mugo, Alison C. Roxby, Elizabeth Micks, Florian Hladik
Summary: Through meta-analysis of available evidence, we found clear and consistent changes in the concentrations of cervicovaginal immune mediators during the menstrual cycle. Many immune mediators were lower in the luteal phase, including chemokines, antibodies, matrix metalloproteinases, and several interleukins. Only interleukin-1 alpha and beta-defensins were higher in the luteal phase. These cyclical differences may have implications for immunity, susceptibility to infection, and fertility. Our study emphasizes the need to control for the effect of the menstrual cycle on immune mediators in future studies.
Article
Medicine, Research & Experimental
Sadia Samer, Yanique Thomas, Mariluz Arainga, Crystal Carter, Lisa M. Shirreff, Muhammad S. Arif, Juan M. Avita, Ines Frank, Michael D. McRaven, Christopher T. Thuruthiyil, Veli B. Heybeli, Meegan R. Anderson, Benjamin Owen, Arsen Gaisin, Deepanwita Bose, Lacy M. Simons, Judd F. Hultquist, James Arthos, Claudia Cicala, Irini Sereti, Philip J. Santangelo, Ramon Lorenzo-Redondo, Thomas J. Hope, Francois J. Villinger, Elena Martinelli
Summary: This study found that blocking TGF-beta signaling can promote HIV-1 latency reversal and enhance anti-SIV immune response, which was verified through experiments.
Article
Cell Biology
Michelle K. Ash, Pavan P. Bhimalli, Byoung-Kyu Cho, Basil Baby Mattamana, Stephanie Gambut, Imad Tarhoni, Cristina L. Fhied, Anjelica F. Reyes, Samantha J. Welninski, Jaison Arivalagan, Fernanda Negrao, Renu Goel, Todd L. Beck, Thomas J. Hope, Beverly E. Sha, Young Ah Goo, Lena Al-Harthi, Joao I. Mamede, Jeffrey A. Borgia, Neil L. Kelleher, Jeffrey R. Schneider
Summary: This study investigated the impact of SARS-CoV-2 infection and vaccination on the immune response by measuring changes in IgG glycosylation. The results showed that hospitalized COVID-19 patients had elevated levels of inflammatory glycans, while mild patients had increased levels of anti-inflammatory glycans. Vaccinated individuals with low RBD antibody levels and low neutralization showed similar IgG glycan traits as hospitalized COVID-19 patients.
Article
Obstetrics & Gynecology
F. Parisi, C. Fenizia, A. Introini, A. Zavatta, C. Scaccabarozzi, M. Biasin, V Savasi
Summary: This review summarizes the role of maternal estrogens during the periconceptional period and the first trimester of pregnancies, both natural and following ART. Estrogens play a crucial role in endometrial receptivity and placentation, and their levels need to be within the optimal range for successful pregnancy outcomes.
HUMAN REPRODUCTION UPDATE
(2023)
Article
Virology
Aparajitha Vaidyanathan, Harry E. Taylor, Thomas J. Hope, Richard T. D'Aquila, Elizabeth T. Bartom, Judd F. Hultquist, Marcus E. Peter
Summary: HIV infection leads to depletion of CD4(+) T cells, but some cells can survive and become part of the latent reservoir. Understanding the mechanisms of HIV-mediated cell death could potentially help clear the latent reservoir.
JOURNAL OF VIROLOGY
(2023)
Article
Microbiology
LaTonya Williams, Xiaoying S. Shen, Sheetal Sawant, Siriwat C. Akapirat, Lindsay Dahora, Matthew Zirui Tay, Sherry Stanfield-Oakley, Saintedym Wills, Derrick Goodman, DeAnna Tenney, Rachel L. Spreng, Lu Zhang, Nicole L. Yates, David C. Montefiori, Michael A. Eller, David Easterhoff, Thomas J. Hope, Supachai Rerks-Ngarm, Punnee Pittisuttithum, Sorachai Nitayaphan, Jean-Louis Excler, Jerome H. Kim, Nelson L. Michael, Merlin L. Robb, Robert J. O'Connell, Nicos Karasavvas, Sandhya Vasan, Guido Ferrari, Georgia D. Tomaras
Summary: The RV305 HIV-1 clinical trial evaluated the immunological impact of booster immunogens in RV144 recipients after 6-8 years. The study showed that the ALVAC vaccine component directly improved the breadth, function, and durability of vaccine-elicited antibodies. However, the impact of different immunogens on HIV-1 epitope specificity, antibody subclasses, and Fc effector functions is still unknown.
Article
Immunology
Micaela Garziano, Olga Utyro, Mariacristina Poliseno, Teresa Antonia Santantonio, Irma Saulle, Sergio Strizzi, Sergio Lo Caputo, Mario Clerici, Andrea Introini, Mara Biasin
Summary: Oral mucosal immunity plays a crucial role in preventing and defending against SARS-CoV-2 infection. Research has shown that after receiving the SARS-CoV-2 vaccine, the virus neutralization activity in the oral cavity is significantly lower compared to that in the blood.
FRONTIERS IN IMMUNOLOGY
(2022)