Article
Neurosciences
Andrew C. McKinnon, Ariana Stickel, Lee Ryan
Summary: The study clarified the relationships between hypertension, obesity, and APOE genotype status with memory performance among older adults using path modeling, finding that these factors indirectly affected memory performance via differences in the integrity of temporal stem white matter. The results highlight the importance of considering variables that not only directly impact cognition, but also those that indirectly impact cognition via structural brain changes in understanding the impact of risk factors on cognition.
JOURNAL OF NEUROSCIENCE RESEARCH
(2021)
Article
Neurosciences
Ren-fei Wang, Han Guo, Shi-yu Jiang, Zi-long Liu, Wei-min Qu, Zhi-li Huang, Lu Wang
Summary: The lateral hypothalamus (LH) plays a crucial role in maintaining and inducing wakefulness, with its glutamatergic neurons being essential for these processes while GABAergic neurons promote wakefulness. Through chemogenetic and optogenetic manipulations, the activity of LH glutamatergic neurons was shown to directly impact the duration and transitions of wakefulness, mediated by projections to the locus coeruleus/parabrachial nucleus and basal forebrain. This study offers new insights into the mechanisms of sleep-wake regulation and the specific role of LH in controlling wakefulness.
JOURNAL OF NEUROSCIENCE RESEARCH
(2021)
Article
Neurosciences
Anuradha Tennakoon, Viythia Katharesan, Ian Francis Musgrave, Simon Andrea Koblar, Richard Lewis Maxwell Faull, Maurice Anthony Curtis, Ian Paul Johnson
Summary: The study found that healthy aging and age-related neurodegenerative diseases have different cortical inflammatory signatures, with healthy aging associated with decreased levels of anti-inflammatory cytokines and AD/MND patients associated with increased levels of specific cytokines.
JOURNAL OF NEUROSCIENCE RESEARCH
(2022)
Article
Neurosciences
Jacqueline-Marie Ferdinand, Kate Z. Peters, Ersin Yavas, Andrew M. J. Young
Summary: Dysregulation of GABAergic control of dopamine function may be important in behavioral deficits in schizophrenia, and sustained disruption of GABA-B modulation of accumbal dopamine release can occur due to long-term functional changes.
JOURNAL OF NEUROSCIENCE RESEARCH
(2021)
Article
Neurosciences
Jingyi Long, Lekai Luo, Yi Guo, Wanfang You, Qian Li, Bin Li, Wanjie Tang, Yanchun Yang, Graham J. Kemp, John A. Sweeney, Fei Li, Qiyong Gong
Summary: In patients with OCD, there is decreased activity in the left pregenual ACC compared to controls, with significantly reduced excitatory output to the right dorsal superior frontal gyrus and left precuneus. Patients also show decreased inhibitory input from the left ventral SFG and left thalamus and caudate to the left pACC. These findings suggest altered functional activity and effective connectivity of the pACC in individuals with OCD, regardless of previous psychopharmacological treatment.
JOURNAL OF COMPARATIVE NEUROLOGY
(2021)
Article
Behavioral Sciences
Adriana Jesus Souza, Francisco S. Guimaraes, Felipe V. Gomes
Summary: The misuse and addiction to opioids are serious problems in some countries, particularly the USA. Drug addiction is a chronic and relapsing condition that involves motivation and memory-related processes due to the strong associations between drugs and consuming-related stimuli. Using CBD, a non-psychotomimetic component from the Cannabis sativa plant, could attenuate the aversion induced by morphine withdrawal, suggesting it may be a therapeutic alternative for preventing relapse to opioid addiction.
BEHAVIOURAL BRAIN RESEARCH
(2023)
Article
Neurosciences
Maria Luque, Anneliese Schrott-Fischer, Jozsef Dudas, Elisabeth Pechriggl, Erich Brenner, Helge Rask-Andersen, Wei Liu, Rudolf Glueckert
Summary: Neuronal diversity in the cochlea is largely influenced by ion channels, particularly the HCN channels which play a crucial role in auditory function. Studying the expression levels and spatial distribution of HCN subunits across different mammalian species can provide insights into age-related hearing deterioration mechanisms and potentially offer solutions for hearing impairments.
JOURNAL OF NEUROSCIENCE RESEARCH
(2021)
Article
Neurosciences
Anthony Oppong-Gyebi, Daniel Metzger, Trinh Doan, Jordan Han, Phillip H. Vann, R. Andrew Yockey, Nathalie Sumien, Derek A. Schreihofer
Summary: This study explored the neuroprotective effects of genistein in young adult ovariectomized rats following cerebral ischemia, finding that long-term hypogonadism can exacerbate motor and cognitive dysfunction. Both genistein and 17 beta-estradiol showed potential for reducing tissue loss and inflammation in different lengths of hypogonadism, but did not significantly improve overall neurological and motor function.
JOURNAL OF NEUROSCIENCE RESEARCH
(2022)
Article
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Fangyuan Yin, Jinyu Zhang, Ye Lu, Yulei Zhang, Jincen Liu, Cuola Deji, Xiaomeng Qiao, Keqiang Gao, Min Xu, Jianghua Lai, Yunpeng Wang
Summary: Long-term opioid abuse leads to cognitive impairments, while modafinil shows potential in improving attention and memory. This study found that low dose modafinil can effectively ameliorate opioid-induced attention dysfunction and memory issues in mice, but high dose may have adverse effects. Altering signaling pathways in the medial prefrontal cortex can reverse drug-induced cognitive abnormalities.
Article
Behavioral Sciences
Loren A. Martin, Fang-Wei Hsu, Brooke Herd, Michael Gregg, Hannah Sample, Jason Kaplan
Summary: The study compared the performance of BTBR and B6 mice in spatial working memory and sustained attention tasks. The results showed no significant differences between the two strains in these tasks, but there was a significant difference in learning the association between lever pressing and food reward.
BRAIN AND BEHAVIOR
(2021)
Article
Neurosciences
Kateryna Murlanova, Yan Jouroukhin, Shovgi Huseynov, Olga Pletnikova, Michael J. Morales, Yun Guan, Jay M. Baraban, Dwight E. Bergles, Mikhail Pletnikov
Summary: This study examined the effects of abnormal oxidative phosphorylation in astrocytes on mouse behaviors by specifically deleting the Cox10 gene. The results suggest that astrocyte oxidative phosphorylation may contribute to behaviors associated with greater cognitive load and/or aversive and stressful conditions.
Article
Neurosciences
Katherine E. Barker, Alynn J. Lecznar, Jill M. Schumacher, Jeffrey S. Morris, Howard B. Gutstein
Summary: Research has shown that subanalgesic doses of morphine can enhance the acute analgesic effect of fentanyl, and this effect is mediated by the delta opioid receptor. This finding is of great therapeutic significance as it suggests a strategy for developing DOP-selective ligands that can enhance the therapeutic index of clinically used MOP drugs.
JOURNAL OF NEUROSCIENCE RESEARCH
(2022)
Article
Clinical Neurology
Dina Lelic, Anne Estrup Olesen, Debbie Gronlund, Fabricio Ariel Jure, Asbjorn Mohr Drewes
Summary: This study investigated the specific effects of opioids on the central processing of external stimuli, identifying changes in NWRs, EEG responses, and pain perception. The findings suggest a synergistic action of opioids at both spinal and supra-spinal levels in the central nervous system, with EEG signals during cold-pressor tests showing potential as biomarkers of opioid analgesia.
Article
Neurosciences
Lucia Rodriguez-Vazquez, Joaquin Marti
Summary: This study evaluated the effects of a single administration of BrdU on cell proliferation and apoptotic events in the prenatal cerebellum. Results showed that BrdU at various doses reduced mitotic figures and proliferating cells, with the most severe effects seen at higher doses. High doses of BrdU also led to the activation of apoptotic events, as shown by TUNEL assay and caspase-3 immunohistochemistry.
JOURNAL OF COMPARATIVE NEUROLOGY
(2021)
Article
Neurosciences
Casper R. Gotzsche, David P. D. Woldbye, Christian Ansgar Hundahl, Anders Hay-Schmidt
Summary: Neuroglobin (Ngb) is present in neurons of various brain regions and can bind oxygen, other gaseous molecules, and reactive oxygen species (ROS), but it does not act as a respiratory molecule for neurons. Ngb may constitute an intrinsic defense mechanism against neuronal hyperexcitability and oxidative stress.
JOURNAL OF NEUROSCIENCE RESEARCH
(2022)
Article
Behavioral Sciences
Hao Guo, Cuola Deji, Han Peng, Jinyu Zhang, Yuanyuan Chen, Yulei Zhang, Yunpeng Wang
Summary: This study investigated the epigenetic mechanisms involving SIRT1 in the basolateral amygdala (BLA) and their role in depression using a chronic unpredictable mild stress mouse model. The findings suggest that downregulation of SIRT1 in the BLA may have beneficial effects on depression-like behaviors, while overexpression of SIRT1 could induce depressive symptoms. Abnormal expression of SIRT1 may impact transcriptional regulation and protein acetylation, ultimately affecting neuroplasticity and contributing to Major Depressive Disorder (MDD). Further research is needed to fully understand the specific mechanisms involved in stress susceptibility.
GENES BRAIN AND BEHAVIOR
(2021)