Article
Clinical Neurology
Xiayu Sun, Dekun Gao, Jiali Shen, Qi Zhu, Lu Wang, Xiaobao Ma, Wei Wang, Xiangping Chen, Qing Zhang, Yulian Jin, Jianyong Chen, Jun Yang
Summary: This study investigated potential vestibular pathway impairment in children with recurrent vertigo using vestibular evoked myogenic potentials (VEMPs) and found significant prolongation of latencies in ACS-cVEMP and GVS-cVEMP, as well as shorter N1 latency in ACS-oVEMP. These findings suggest potential impairment in the inferior vestibular nerve and subsequent nerve conduction pathway in RVC.
FRONTIERS IN NEUROLOGY
(2022)
Article
Clinical Neurology
Yizhen Jia, Martha W. Bagnall
Summary: This study describes the central targets of utricular afferents in the larval zebrafish brain, providing a better understanding of the gravity-sensing circuit. The findings suggest that central neurons with commissural projections have various directional tunings, and different locations of central utricular neurons are associated with different responses to tilt. The study also reveals an unexpected synaptic target of utricular afferents from the medial semicircular canal.
FRONTIERS IN NEUROLOGY
(2022)
Article
Audiology & Speech-Language Pathology
Christopher J. Pastras, Sebastian P. Stefani, Aaron J. Camp, Ian S. Curthoys, Daniel J. Brown
Summary: The study demonstrates the first recordings of the vestibular Summating Potential (SP) in anaesthetized guinea pigs, providing a novel research tool for evaluating vestibular hair cell function during experimental manipulations and animal models of disease.
Article
Audiology & Speech-Language Pathology
Melissa M. McGovern, Byron Hartman, Ankita Thawani, Helen Maunsell, Hongyuan Zhang, Rizwan Yousaf, Stefan Heller, Jennifer Stone, Andrew K. Groves
Summary: This article introduces a new genetically modified mouse model that can specifically manipulate cells in auditory and balance perception, achieving targeted manipulation of epithelial cells in the neonatal and mature cochlea. The recombination rate induced by this model is higher in the sensory epithelium of adult mice, making it an effective tool for targeted manipulation of vestibular type 1 hair cells.
Article
Clinical Neurology
Raquel Manrique-Huarte, Octavio Garaycochea, Daniella Parillis Troconis, Nicolas Perez-Fernandez, Manuel Manrique
Summary: Cochlear implant surgery is the standard treatment for severe-to-profound sensorineural hearing loss, and this study aimed to analyze histopathological changes in the vestibule after cochlear implantation using a minimally traumatic surgical approach in an animal model.
JOURNAL OF THE NEUROLOGICAL SCIENCES
(2023)
Article
Neurosciences
Margaret R. Chow, Celia Fernandez Brillet, Kristin N. Hageman, Dale C. Roberts, Andrianna I. Ayiotis, Razi M. Haque, Charles C. Della Santina
Summary: This study explores the responses of animals to electrical stimulation alone and in combination with mechanical motion, showing that partial restoration of responses to tilt and translation is possible in animals with unilateral ototoxic injury and contralateral surgical disruption.
JOURNAL OF NEUROPHYSIOLOGY
(2023)
Article
Optics
Y. U. A. N. S. H. U. O. Bai, W. E. I. L. I. N. Xie, S. O. N. G. H. A. N. Liu, Y. I. N. X. I. A. Meng, L. I. N. G. Zhang, W. E. Wei, Y. Dong
Summary: A method of remote sensing for vectorial vibration using locally stabilized Mach-Zehnder interferometers (MZIs) with commercial multi-core fiber (MCF) as the sensor is presented. The proposed method utilizes Hexa-MZIs constructed by a 7-core MCF to acquire remote vectorial vibration. A set of local receivers consisting of optical phase-locked loops (OPLLs) guarantees stable operation and relative stability among the MZIs, and also eliminates the impact of environmental perturbations. The all-fiber design enables highly precise remote extraction of vibration in a vectorial manner.
Article
Optics
Kenji Ishikawa, Kohei Yatabe, Yasuhiro Oikawa, Yoshifumi Shiraki, Takehiro Moriya
Summary: This letter proposes the use of Fresnel lenses for holographic sound-field imaging, despite their low imaging quality. The advantages of Fresnel lenses include their thinness, lightweight, low cost, and ease of making a large aperture. A proof-of-concept experiment confirmed the feasibility of sound-field imaging with Fresnel lenses by exploiting the spatiotemporally harmonic nature of sound.
Article
Optics
John McCarthy, Diarmuid Osullivan, Maryam Shayesteh, Mohamad Dernaika, Frank H. Peters, Bryan Kelleher
Summary: A tunable comb source is created by gain switching a three-sectioned photonic integrated circuit. The circuit consists of two mutually coupled lasers connected by a passive waveguide. Frequency combs are generated by gain switching the Fabry-Perot laser, resulting in line spacings ranging from 3.5 to 8 GHz. Despite the lack of on-chip optical isolation, the combs remain stable due to the short delay times inherent to on-chip integration, as revealed by numerical simulations using a delay-differential model.
Article
Neurosciences
Elena K. Rotondo, Kasia M. Bieszczad
Summary: Inhibition of HDAC3 has been shown to enhance memory for both spectral and temporal features of sound, indicating epigenetic mechanisms play a key role in regulating the specificity of memory formation in the auditory system. This study demonstrates that HDAC3 inhibition increases signal-specific phase locking and cortical response consistency, leading to improved memory specificity and discriminability of sensory cues in both spectral and temporal domains. These findings highlight the importance of epigenetic mechanisms in enhancing memory for spectrotemporal features of sounds, such as human voices and speech.
JOURNAL OF NEUROSCIENCE
(2021)
Article
Physics, Applied
Robin Klause, Axel Hoffmann
Summary: Materials with large spin-orbit interactions can generate pure spin currents with spin polarizations parallel to the interfacial surfaces, resulting in conventional spin-orbit torques. Non-collinear antiferromagnets can break additional symmetry and generate exotic spin-orbit torques with spin polarizations perpendicular to the interfacial planes. Through micromagnetic simulations, it has been found that these exotic spin-orbit torques can generate magnetic droplet solitions in out-of-plane magnetized geometries.
APPLIED PHYSICS LETTERS
(2022)
Review
Neurosciences
Mark A. Rutherford, Henrique von Gersdorff, Juan D. Goutman
Summary: Ribbon-class synapses in the ear play a crucial role in transforming graded membrane potential signals to all-or-none spikes, contributing to auditory comprehension in noisy environments. The synapses utilize a combination of place, rate, and temporal coding to ensure accurate transmission of information from inner hair cells to the brain, ultimately enabling the brain to interpret and analyze sound stimuli effectively.
JOURNAL OF PHYSIOLOGY-LONDON
(2021)
Article
Mathematics, Interdisciplinary Applications
Qiang Liu, Xuanyi Zhou, Jianxin Zhu, Xiaoping Gong
Summary: The paper proposes a novel method based on composite panel acoustic and modal contribution analysis to optimize the noise issue in excavator cabs, applying a nonlinear optimization algorithm to design the optimized areas and effectively reduce low-frequency noise.
Article
Acoustics
Yoshiki Nagatani, Kazuki Takazawa, Kazuma Maeda, Aya Kambara, Yoshiharu Soeta, Koichi Ogawa
Summary: Many studies have focused on the gamma-band brain response to sound stimuli to understand and treat cognitive diseases like dementia and Alzheimer's. However, most studies have used simple sound structures. This study examined the evoked gamma waves in human brains using speech-modulated sound stimuli and found significant differences in gamma power and phase locking compared to non-modulated sound. The study also observed correlations between discomfort and unnaturalness of speech sound and gamma power, suggesting the potential clinical application of comfort and natural stimuli in dementia prevention or improvement.
Article
Multidisciplinary Sciences
Miguel Romera, Philippe Talatchian, Sumito Tsunegi, Kay Yakushiji, Akio Fukushima, Hitoshi Kubota, Shinji Yuasa, Vincent Cros, Paolo Bortolotti, Maxence Ernoult, Damien Querlioz, Julie Grollier
Summary: The study demonstrates the potential of spin-torque nano-oscillators in neuromorphic computing by showing their ability to mutually synchronize and recognize temporal patterns, similar to neurons. This research is important for the construction of neural networks that perform brain-inspired computations by utilizing the non-linear dynamic properties of their components.
NATURE COMMUNICATIONS
(2022)
Article
Audiology & Speech-Language Pathology
Adelle Liebenberg, Valerie M. Nie, Alan M. Brichta, Sima Ahmadi, Carole L. James
Summary: This study compared the hearing threshold levels of coal miners in New South Wales, Australia, to an otologically normal population described by the International Standards Organisation. The results showed that the median hearing threshold levels of the mining population were significantly worse compared to the normal population, especially for older workers at 4 kHz. These findings highlight the importance of implementing hearing conservation strategies in the mining industry to prevent further hearing loss.
INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF AUDIOLOGY
(2023)
Article
Neurosciences
I. M. Stitt, T. P. Wellings, H. R. Drury, P. Jobling, R. J. Callister, A. M. Brichta, R. Lim
Summary: This study investigates the characteristics of Deiters' neurons and non-Deiters' neurons within the lateral vestibular nucleus (LVN) and identifies specific features that distinguish Deiters' neurons. These features, including low input resistance, long axons, and strong GABAergic input, suggest that Deiters' neurons are well suited for encoding tonic signals for the vestibulospinal reflex.
JOURNAL OF NEUROPHYSIOLOGY
(2022)
Article
Multidisciplinary Sciences
Varshini D. Venkata, M. Fairuz B. Jamaluddin, Jyoti Goad, Hannah R. Drury, Melissa A. Tadros, Rebecca Lim, Ajay Karakoti, Rachel O'Sullivan, Yvette Ius, Kenneth Jaaback, Pravin Nahar, Pradeep S. Tanwar
Summary: This study developed organoids from human fetal reproductive organs and compared them with adult organoids. The results showed that fetal organoids were different from adult organoids in terms of markers expression, appearance, histology, and proteomics. Transplantation of fetal organoids onto adult tissue scaffolds led to regeneration of adult epithelia. Suppression of Wnt signaling inhibited the regenerative ability of fetal organoids and caused anatomical defects in the mouse reproductive tract. Therefore, fetal organoids provide an important platform for studying human female reproductive tract development and diseases.
PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL ACADEMY OF SCIENCES OF THE UNITED STATES OF AMERICA
(2022)
Article
Pharmacology & Pharmacy
Ahmed Gedawy, Giuseppe Luna, Jorge Martinez, Daniel Brown, Hani Al-Salami, Crispin R. Dass
Summary: A novel gliclazide-loaded elastomeric carbohydrate pharmaceutical vehicle was developed using a siliconized alginate platform. The microcapsules loaded with gliclazide showed excellent encapsulation efficiency (>92.13% +/- 0.76) and sustained drug release. The use of tetraethyl orthosilicate (TEOS) crosslinking improved the mechanical durability of the microcapsules.
Article
Geriatrics & Gerontology
Lauren A. Poppi, Mark J. Bigland, Ethan T. Cresswell, Hessam Tabatabaee, David Lorincz, Hannah R. Drury, Robert J. Callister, Joseph C. Holt, Rebecca Lim, Alan M. Brichta, Doug W. Smith
Summary: Cholinergic signaling in the peripheral vestibular sensory organs is vulnerable to aging processes, leading to molecular and functional age-related changes. This was evidenced by reduced expression of nicotinic receptor subunit genes and reduced conductance through alpha9/10 subunit-containing nicotinic receptors in older mice. Given the importance of these organs to balance maintenance and visual gaze stability, further investigation into altered peripheral vestibular function in older humans is warranted.
JOURNALS OF GERONTOLOGY SERIES A-BIOLOGICAL SCIENCES AND MEDICAL SCIENCES
(2023)
Article
Multidisciplinary Sciences
Christopher J. Pastras, Ian S. Curthoys, Richard D. Rabbitt, Daniel J. Brown
Summary: To understand the mechanisms responsible for vestibular afferent sensitivity to transient bone conducted vibration, simultaneous measurements of stimulus-evoked vestibular compound action potentials (vCAPs), utricular macula velocity, and vestibular microphonics (VMs) were performed in anesthetized guinea pigs. The findings indicate that synchronized vestibular afferent responses are not universally sensitive to linear jerk, but rather to other kinematic elements. The results provide insights into the mechanical and neural mechanisms underlying synchronized action potentials in these sensitive afferents, with clinical relevance for understanding rapid compensatory reflex responses.
SCIENTIFIC REPORTS
(2023)
Article
Multidisciplinary Sciences
Christopher M. Smith, Ian S. Curthoys, Jeffrey T. Laitman
Summary: Our sense of balance is crucial for human positional behavior and is primarily controlled by the peripheral vestibular system (PVS). This study used spherical harmonic modeling and shape analyses to demonstrate a significant association between the external bone and internal membranous tissues of the human otolith system, providing evidence of a basic biological relationship. The findings offer new insights into vestibular biomechanical modeling and the evolution of the human balance system.
SCIENTIFIC REPORTS
(2023)
Article
Clinical Neurology
Christopher J. Pastras, Nastaran Gholami, Skyler Jennings, Hong Zhu, Wu Zhou, Daniel J. Brown, Ian S. Curthoys, Richard D. Rabbitt
Summary: This study presents a mathematical model of utricular mechanics and vestibular compound action potential generation (vCAP) in response to clinically relevant levels of auditory-frequency air conducted sound and bone conducted vibration. The model was validated and applied to predict blast-induced hair bundle shear, with results predicting acute mechanical damage to bundles immediately upon exposure.
FRONTIERS IN NEUROLOGY
(2023)
Article
Education, Scientific Disciplines
Daniel Brown, Tanya Uebergang, Nicole Masters, Michelle Towstoless, Alan Hayes, Deanne H. Hryciw, Louise Lexis, Kathy Tangalakis
Summary: This article aims to unpack the core concept of substance movement within the human body, providing guidance for physiology teaching in tertiary education institutes in Australia. The concept introduces fundamental knowledge of the driving factors and applies them in physiological contexts. The importance of understanding this concept is widely acknowledged, but its difficulty varies among educators. The complexity of this concept is due to the underlying physical forces, and organizing it into subthemes can help prioritize learning activities.
ADVANCES IN PHYSIOLOGY EDUCATION
(2023)
Article
Education, Scientific Disciplines
Kathy Tangalakis, Louise Lexis, Deanne H. Hryciw, Michelle Towstoless, Anthony J. Bakker, Elizabeth Beckett, Daniel Brown, Melissa Cameron, Julia Choate, Lisa Chopin, Matthew B. Cooke, Tracy Douglas, Suzanne Estaphan, Sarah Etherington, Voula Gaganis, Andrew Moorhouse, Christian Moro, Tamara Paravicini, Ben Perry, Ruben Phillips, Christopher Scott, Gabrielle Todd, Tanya Uebergang, Glenn Wadley, Matthew Watt, Alan Hayes
Summary: Consensus has been reached on the core concepts of physiology in Australia through the Delphi method, and these concepts will be integrated into the curricula of Australian universities. The core concepts include Cell Membrane, Cell-Cell Communication, Movement of Substances, Structure and Function, Homeostasis, Integration, and Physiological Adaptation.
ADVANCES IN PHYSIOLOGY EDUCATION
(2023)
Article
Multidisciplinary Sciences
Kady J. Braack, Tylah Miles, Farah Amat, Daniel J. Brown, Marcus D. Atlas, Jafri Kuthubutheen, Wilhelmina H. A. M. Mulders, Cecilia M. Prele
Summary: Cochlear implants help people with profound hearing loss understand speech and perceive sounds. Fibrotic scar tissue around the implanted electrode may limit the benefits of cochlear implants. This study used x-ray micro computed tomography (μCT) to measure and visualize the extent of fibrosis in a guinea pig model of cochlear implantation.
Review
Audiology & Speech-Language Pathology
Ian S. S. Curthoys, Christopher M. M. Smith, Ann M. M. Burgess, Julia Dlugaiczyk
Summary: "
Angular acceleration stimulation of a semicircular canal leads to an increased firing rate in primary canal afferent neurons, causing nystagmus. This can also occur due to sound or vibration in patients after a semicircular canal dehiscence. Recent data and models suggest that sound or vibration can increase firing rate through neural activation or fluid pumping (acoustic streaming). These mechanisms trigger nystagmus by increasing the primary afferent firing rate. Guinea pig data indicate that these mechanisms can oppose each other in certain situations. This review highlights the common link between skull vibration-induced nystagmus, enhanced vestibular evoked myogenic potentials, and the Tullio phenomenon: they are all caused by the altered response of semicircular canal afferent neurons to sound and vibration after a semicircular canal dehiscence."
AUDIOLOGY RESEARCH
(2023)
Review
Environmental Sciences
Masoud Mohseni-Dargah, Zahra Falahati, Christopher Pastras, Khosro Khajeh, Payal Mukherjee, Amir Razmjou, Sebastian Stefani, Mohsen Asadnia
Summary: Meniere's disease is a severe inner ear condition characterized by debilitating symptoms such as vertigo, hearing loss, tinnitus, and aural fullness. The underlying mechanisms, including the excessive buildup of endolymph fluid in the inner ear, are not fully understood. Current treatment strategies focus on symptom management, as there are no definitive cures.
ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH
(2023)