Article
Engineering, Environmental
Minji Kim, Kue-Young Kim, Jae-Hong Lim, Chan Yeong Kim, Seob-Gu Kim, Gidon Han, Weon Shik Han, Eungyu Park
Summary: Understanding the dynamics of immiscible fluids in porous media is crucial in various chemical and environmental engineering processes, but the impact of geological heterogeneity on multiphase flow behavior is still unclear. This study used experimental methods to demonstrate the displacement and entrapment of immiscible fluids at a pore-level, revealing significant differences between different zones and the importance of pore size and connectivity on multiphase fluid dynamics. The results suggest that analyzing immiscible fluid displacement in layered porous media at a pore-level could lead to more effective environmental remediation strategies.
ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY
(2022)
Article
Astronomy & Astrophysics
M. F. Salek, L. E. Beckingham
Summary: Three-dimensional X-ray computed tomography imaging is a nondestructive method for microstructural characterization, but it requires time and high-performance computing to obtain and process high-quality images. This study evaluated the effects of different imaging parameters on pore connectivity and surface area quantification in sandstone samples. The results showed that there was little variation in bulk porosity, but low resolution and projection numbers resulted in lower connected porosity. Increasing bin size, voxel size, and projection numbers led to a decrease in mineral surface area, except for samples with more clay content where an increase in projection numbers resulted in an increase in surface area.
EARTH AND SPACE SCIENCE
(2023)
Article
Radiology, Nuclear Medicine & Medical Imaging
Jiaqi Li, Zhenbin Qiu, Chao Zhang, Sijie Chen, Mengmin Wang, Qiuchen Meng, Haiming Lu, Lei Wei, Hairong Lv, Wenzhao Zhong, Xuegong Zhang
Summary: Intra-tumor heterogeneity (ITH) in non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) can be quantified from computed tomography (CT) images, providing important insights into tumor phenotypes and patient prognosis.
EUROPEAN RADIOLOGY
(2023)
Article
Materials Science, Multidisciplinary
Remo N. Widmer, Alexander Groetsch, Guillaume Kermouche, Ana Diaz, Gilles Pillonel, Manish Jain, Rajaprakash Ramachandramoorthy, Laszlo Petho, Jakob Schwiedrzik, Johann Michler
Summary: The ability to predict the micro-scale strength and plasticity of fused-silica micro-components is crucial as their miniaturization and applications in harsh environments advance. This study focuses on the micro-mechanical behavior of fused silica micropillars at high temperatures and variable strain rates. The results show a significant decrease in yield strength and an increase in strain rate sensitivity at 600 degrees C. The observation of different deformation mechanisms at different temperatures challenges the classification of fused silica as a glass that deforms predominantly through densification.
MATERIALS & DESIGN
(2022)
Article
Chemistry, Physical
Liusheng Xiao, Lijun Zhu, Christian Clokler, Alex Grunzweig, Florian Wilhelm, Joachim Scholta, Roswitha Zeis, Zu-Guo Shen, Maji Luo
Summary: Pore-scale modeling is a powerful method for evaluating the transport properties of porous electrodes. This study validates the effectiveness of this method by comparing experimental data with modeling results. The results show that as the compression ratio increases, fiber displacement increases and fibers squeeze into nearby pores, leading to a decrease in diffusivity and permeability. Compared to empirical models, pore-scale models show better agreement with experimental data.
JOURNAL OF POWER SOURCES
(2022)
Article
Engineering, Marine
Jinhuan Zhao, Changling Liu, Chengfeng Li, Yongchao Zhang, Qingtao Bu, Nengyou Wu, Yang Liu, Qiang Chen
Summary: Characterizing the electrical property of hydrate-bearing sediments is crucial for reservoir identification and saturation evaluation. This study investigates the effect of hydrates on pore water and the relationship between pore water characteristics and the saturation exponent of Archie's law. By using X-ray computed tomography and resistivity measurement technology, the three-dimensional structure and resistivity of hydrate-bearing sediments can be derived simultaneously, allowing for a better understanding of pore water and the saturation exponent at a micro-scale. The results show that the resistivity of hydrate-bearing sediments is influenced by changes in pore water distribution and connectivity caused by hydrate formation. Furthermore, the saturation exponent of Archie's law is controlled by the distribution and connectivity of pore water. A new logarithmic relationship between the saturation exponent and the tortuosity of pore water is proposed, which can be helpful in calculating field hydrate saturation using resistivity logging data.
JOURNAL OF MARINE SCIENCE AND ENGINEERING
(2022)
Article
Engineering, Biomedical
J. Mora-Macias, P. Garcia-Florencio, A. Pajares, P. Miranda, J. Dominguez, E. Reina-Romo
Summary: The study shows that the porosity of woven bone decreases during the healing process, affecting its mechanical properties. The X-ray greyscale index can reflect the mineralization level of woven bone and is inversely related to porosity.
ANNALS OF BIOMEDICAL ENGINEERING
(2021)
Article
Materials Science, Composites
Jing Long, Feng Xu, Baozhong Sun, Zhongmin Xiao, Bohong Gu
Summary: Understanding the thermo-oxidative ageing behavior of carbon fiber/epoxy resin interfaces at multiple scales is crucial for structural optimization and durable design of composites. In this study, we investigated the effects of oxygen entering the interface on the ageing crack evolutions, interface spatial structures, and multi-scale dynamic mechanisms for carbon fiber/epoxy composites under a thermal environment using experiments and molecular dynamics (MD) simulations. The results showed that ageing cracks first appear at the interface and then spread to the surrounding resin-rich region as the ageing time increases, and the oxygen amounts entered the interface and the intermolecular interactions affect the interface dynamic behaviors.
COMPOSITES SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY
(2023)
Article
Agronomy
Luiz F. Pires, Talita R. Ferreira, Fabio A. M. Cassaro, Hannah Cooper, Sacha J. Mooney
Summary: In this study, the physical and morphological properties of soils under long-term no tillage (NT) and minimum-tillage (MT) were compared to adjacent secondary forest (SF) soils. The results showed that conservation agriculture can reverse structural damage associated with conventional intensive agriculture, but there are still important differences in pore network complexity and connectivity.
Article
Energy & Fuels
Qingyang Lin, Takashi Akai, Martin J. Blunt, Branko Bijeljic, Hiroki Iwama, Katsumo Takabayashi, Yutaka Onaka, Hideharu Yonebayashi
Summary: This experimental methodology combines core flooding experiments with X-ray micro-CT to visualize asphaltene precipitation in the pore space of rocks and assess the reduction in permeability. The study found that precipitated asphaltene occupied 39.1% of the pore volume and caused a 29-fold reduction in permeability. Furthermore, numerical analysis of the flow field showed that after precipitation, the flow was confined to narrow channels in the pore space, with good agreement between simulated and measured permeability.
Article
Chemistry, Multidisciplinary
Chu Lun Alex Leung, Dawid Luczyniec, Enyu Guo, Sebastian Marussi, Robert C. Atwood, Martina Meisnar, Ben Saunders, Peter D. Lee
Summary: This study quantifies the evolution of porosity and humps during laser powder bed fusion (LPBF) through X-ray and electron imaging, as well as high-fidelity multiphase process simulation. The formation mechanisms of pores and keyholes are revealed, and insights on key criteria and suggestions for improving process reliability are provided.
Article
Materials Science, Multidisciplinary
Shahabeddin Dayani, Henning Markoetter, Jonas von Krug von Nidda, Anita Schmidt, Giovanni Bruno
Summary: This paper investigates the overdischarge phenomenon in lithium-ion cells, focusing on the behavior of copper dissolution and deposition. The concentration of dissolved and deposited copper is quantified using nondestructive imaging, revealing a nonuniform distribution pattern for copper deposition on the cathode. The research provides insights for safer battery cell design.
ADVANCED MATERIALS TECHNOLOGIES
(2023)
Article
Engineering, Civil
Tiande Wen, Xiangsheng Chen, Longtan Shao
Summary: This study examined the macropore structure of granite residual soil during multiple wetting and drying cycles using X-ray computed tomography. The results showed that the cycles caused soil shrinkage and reduced pore connectivity, leading to an increase in isolated pores. Wetting contributed to the recovery of lost pores and connections, increasing pore space and porosity. The connected macropores played a decisive role in the soil's saturated hydraulic conductivity.
JOURNAL OF HYDROLOGY
(2022)
Article
Multidisciplinary Sciences
Manuel Viermetz, Nikolai Gustschin, Clemens Schmid, Jakob Haeusele, Maximilian von Teuffenbach, Pascal Meyer, Frank Bergner, Tobias Lasser, Roland Proksa, Thomas Koehler, Franz Pfeiffer
Summary: X-ray computed tomography (CT) is a commonly used three-dimensional medical imaging technique. Dark-field imaging offers complementary information on tissue microstructure. However, translating dark-field CT to human scale has been a challenge. In this study, the integration of a Talbot-Lau interferometer into a clinical CT gantry enables successful dark-field CT imaging of a human-sized anthropomorphic body phantom.
PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL ACADEMY OF SCIENCES OF THE UNITED STATES OF AMERICA
(2022)
Article
Construction & Building Technology
Dongya Ren, Jie Xu, Shaonan Su, Gangsheng Tian, Xu Chen, Allen Zhang, Changfa Ai
Summary: This study uses 3D X-ray computed tomography technology to analyze the digital images of three typical asphalt mixtures with different porosities, and quantitatively and statistically analyzes several pore structure parameters at a micro level. The results show that as the total pores content increases, the difference between the pore fraction and open pores fraction decreases. The porosity of porous asphalt mixtures is high, but mainly composed of interconnected pores with only a small proportion of closed pores. The coordination number determines the connectivity and thus the porosity of the asphalt mixture, and larger open pore channels lead to larger pore diameters and greater permeability.
CONSTRUCTION AND BUILDING MATERIALS
(2023)
Article
Energy & Fuels
Fatimah Alzubaidi, Patrick Makuluni, Stuart R. Clark, Jan Erik Lie, Peyman Mostaghimi, Ryan T. Armstrong
Summary: This paper introduces a machine learning-based approach for automatic fracture recognition from unwrapped drill-core images. The method applies a state-of-the-art convolutional neural network for object identification and segmentation, and investigates the feasibility of using synthetic fracture images for training the learning model.
JOURNAL OF PETROLEUM SCIENCE AND ENGINEERING
(2022)
Article
Engineering, Chemical
Syeda Rubaiya Muin, Patrick T. Spicer, Kunning Tang, Yufu Niu, Maryam Hosseini, Peyman Mostaghimi, Ryan T. Armstrong
Summary: The article introduces a method of using micro-CT technology to conduct three-dimensional microstructural analysis of foam, and improves the image collection and analysis capabilities through deep learning. The study evaluates the stability mechanism of microfibrillar cellulose in foam, explains the effect of fiber entrapment on foam structure stability, and provides detailed analysis of the data and evaluation of deep learning methods.
CHEMICAL ENGINEERING SCIENCE
(2022)
Article
Chemistry, Physical
Chenhao Sun, James McClure, Steffen Berg, Peyman Mostaghimi, Ryan T. Armstrong
Summary: This article proposes a universal description of wetting on multiscale surfaces through the combination of integral geometry and thermodynamic laws. The theoretical framework is presented and applied to different limiting cases. Simulations of fluid droplets on structurally rough and chemically heterogeneous surfaces are conducted to explore the wetting behavior. The findings reveal the origin of classical wetting models within the proposed framework.
JOURNAL OF COLLOID AND INTERFACE SCIENCE
(2022)
Article
Computer Science, Interdisciplinary Applications
Kunning Tang, Quentin Meyer, Robin White, Ryan T. Armstrong, Peyman Mostaghimi, Ying Da Wang, Shiyang Liu, Chuan Zhao, Klaus Regenauer-Lieb, Patrick Kin Man Tung
Summary: This study demonstrates the benefits of using convolutional neural networks (CNNs) in accurately classifying different materials of proton exchange membrane fuel cells using X-ray micro-computed tomography. The study shows that a novel UResNet CNN can effectively segment the complete volume of the fuel cells with high accuracy. The CNN outperforms the manual segmentation, especially in separating carbon fibres and binder phase in the gas diffusion layer. Additionally, the CNN provides realistic permeability calculation results for the binder void space.
COMPUTERS & CHEMICAL ENGINEERING
(2022)
Article
Engineering, Geological
Fatimah Alzubaidi, Peyman Mostaghimi, Guangyao Si, Pawel Swietojanski, Ryan T. Armstrong
Summary: Mineral and hydrocarbon exploration heavily relies on geological and geotechnical information extracted from drill cores. Traditional drill-core characterization based on subjective expertise lacks generalization and robustness. This study proposes a computer vision and machine learning-based approach using convolutional neural networks to automatically classify and analyze drill core images for accurate estimation of the rock quality designation (RQD) parameter. Testing on sandstone and limestone core images demonstrates an average error rate of approximately 3%.
ROCK MECHANICS AND ROCK ENGINEERING
(2022)
Article
Engineering, Chemical
Naif J. Alqahtani, Yufu Niu, Ying Da Wang, Traiwit Chung, Zakhar Lanetc, Aleksandr Zhuravljov, Ryan T. Armstrong, Peyman Mostaghimi
Summary: Reliable quantitative analysis of digital rock images, especially in heterogeneous rocks like carbonates with complex pore size distributions, requires precise segmentation and identification. In recent years, deep learning algorithms have provided efficient and automated solutions for digital rock super-resolution and segmentation. This study presents a framework that uses convolutional neural networks (CNNs) to achieve super-resolved segmentations of carbonate rock images in order to identify sub-resolution porosity. Comparison of voxel-wise segmentation accuracy metrics, topological features, and effective properties confirms the accuracy of the trained model and highlights the value of integrating deep learning frameworks in digital rock analysis.
TRANSPORT IN POROUS MEDIA
(2022)
Article
Energy & Fuels
Meng Yuan, Yu Jing, Ryan T. Armstrong, Peyman Mostaghimi
Summary: This study proposes an automated method for calculating local diffusion coefficients of krypton in a coal core using 3D microcomputed X-ray tomography images. The variation of diffusion coefficient with time is observed, and 3D diffusion coefficient maps are generated to show the heterogeneity of the coal sample.
JOURNAL OF NATURAL GAS SCIENCE AND ENGINEERING
(2022)
Article
Physics, Applied
Kunning Tang, Ying Da Wang, James McClure, Cheng Chen, Peyman Mostaghimi, Ryan T. Armstrong
Summary: Mitigating greenhouse gas emissions and finding solutions for future energy is essential. Understanding geochemical reactions and flow behavior at the interface is important for successful underground storage. This study introduces an image-processing workflow using synchrotron-based μCT and CNNs to extract quantitative data and analyze porous materials for energy applications. The results show the need for comprehensive assessment beyond pixel-wise accuracy.
PHYSICAL REVIEW APPLIED
(2022)
Article
Physics, Applied
Samuel J. Jackson, Yufu Niu, Sojwal Manoorkar, Peyman Mostaghimi, Ryan T. Armstrong
Summary: Field-of-view and resolution trade-offs in x-ray micro-computed-tomography (micro-CT) imaging can limit the characterization and analysis of multiscale porous systems. To address this, the researchers developed a deep learning methodology to enhance low-resolution images and create multiscale models capable of accurately simulating experimental fluid dynamics. This methodology utilizes a convolutional neural network to create superresolution images from low-resolution images, improving the accuracy of the models.
PHYSICAL REVIEW APPLIED
(2022)
Article
Energy & Fuels
Zakhar Lanetc, Aleksandr Zhuravljov, Yu Jing, Ryan T. Armstrong, Peyman Mostaghimi
Summary: Modelling multiphase flow in fractured media is a challenging problem of great importance for oil production. The use of dynamic pore network models allows for capturing the transient nature of multiphase flow, overcoming the limitations of numerical oscillations and interface tracking. The proposed hybrid numerical method offers a promising approach for investigating transient immiscible multiphase flow phenomena in fractures.
Article
Green & Sustainable Science & Technology
Elizabeth J. H. Kimbrel, Dorthe Wildenschild, Anna L. Herring, Ryan T. Armstrong
Summary: This article investigates the efficiency of CO2 trapping in geological storage. Through experiments on the imbibition and drainage processes of proxy fluids, it is found that the amount of trapped CO2 is dependent on the presence of the nonwetting phase and the initial injection method of supercritical CO2, factors that are not considered in current trapping models.
INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF GREENHOUSE GAS CONTROL
(2022)
Article
Mechanics
James E. McClure, Ming Fan, Steffen Berg, Ryan T. T. Armstrong, Carl Fredrik Berg, Zhe Li, Thomas Ramstad
Summary: Relative permeability is derived from conservation of energy and used to model fluid flow through porous materials. The study finds dynamic connectivity and explores the distribution of energy fluctuations during steady-state flow. It demonstrates the effectiveness of the conventional relative permeability relationship in simulating energy dissipation in systems with complex pore-scale dynamics.
Article
Engineering, Chemical
Yufu Niu, Samuel J. Jackson, Naif Alqahtani, Peyman Mostaghimi, Ryan T. Armstrong
Summary: This study compares two state-of-the-art super-resolution deep learning techniques, demonstrating that the unpaired GAN approach can accurately reconstruct super-resolution images as precise as the paired CNN method, with comparable training times and dataset requirements. This opens up new possibilities for micro-CT image enhancement using unpaired deep learning methods, eliminating the need for image registration.
TRANSPORT IN POROUS MEDIA
(2022)
Article
Geosciences, Multidisciplinary
Richard W. Henley, Terrence Mernagh, Clyde Leys, Ulrich Troitzsch, Joseph Bevitt, Frank Brink, Joe Gardner, Lydia Knuefing, John Wheeler, Ajay Limaye, Michael Turner, Yulai Zhang
Summary: Potassium silicate alteration is a key feature in the formation of porphyry copper deposits, where the addition of metals and other components to the host rocks is mainly through reactive magmatic gas, resulting in distinct mineral assemblages in the deposits. The alteration at the deposit scale is mainly isochemical with respect to major rock-forming components, and the release of sulphur and economic metals from source intrusions at depth plays a crucial role in the formation of the economic reserve available for mining.
JOURNAL OF VOLCANOLOGY AND GEOTHERMAL RESEARCH
(2022)
Article
Engineering, Chemical
Yulai Zhang, Nicolas Francois, Richard W. Henley, Lydia Knuefing, Michael Turner, Mohammad Saadatfar, Frank Brink, Mark Knackstedt
Summary: This study presents a quantitative method for the 3D characterization of ore texture and breakage using X-ray micro-CT and in-situ micromechanical test. The research focuses on a porphyry copper ore and demonstrates the dominant role of internal breakage in grain boundary fracturing. The study also discusses the influence of microporous regions, size reduction, ore texture, and breakage characteristics on the degree of liberation of copper minerals.
MINERALS ENGINEERING
(2024)