Article
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Ching-Chia Wang, Huang-Jen Chen, Ding-Cheng Chan, Chen-Yuan Chiu, Shing-Hwa Liu, Kuo-Cheng Lan
Summary: The study found that acrolein exposure led to increased fasting blood glucose and impaired glucose tolerance in mice. It also showed that acrolein treatment decreased the expression of GLUT4 in both mouse soleus muscles and C2C12 myotubes, as well as suppressed phosphorylation of glucose metabolic signals. Additionally, over-expression of constitutive activation of Akt reversed the inhibitory effects of acrolein on GLUT4 protein expression and glucose uptake in myotubes.
INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF MOLECULAR SCIENCES
(2021)
Review
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Celso Pereira Batista Sousa-Filho, Victoria Silva, Anaysa Paola Bolin, Andrea Livia Silva Rocha, Rosemari Otton
Summary: This article presents studies on the modulation of miRNA expression by the main compounds of green tea in inflammation, adipose tissue, skeletal muscle, and liver. It emphasizes the need for further research on the role of miRNAs in the extensive beneficial health effects of green tea compounds already described, indicating miRNAs as potential mediators of polyphenols.
CHEMICO-BIOLOGICAL INTERACTIONS
(2023)
Article
Nutrition & Dietetics
Ushnah S. U. Din, Tanvir S. Sian, Colleen S. Deane, Ken Smith, Amanda Gates, Jonathan N. Lund, John P. Williams, Ricardo Rueda, Suzette L. Pereira, Philip J. Atherton, Bethan E. Phillips
Summary: The study showed that acute green tea extract supplementation increased microvascular blood volume in leg muscles, but did not affect muscle glucose uptake. There were no significant differences in other vascular and metabolic responses between the two conditions.
Review
Agriculture, Multidisciplinary
Taotao Wang, Hong Xu, Shanshan Wu, Yuanxin Guo, Guangshan Zhao, Dongxu Wang
Summary: Sarcopenia is a common and detrimental condition in older populations. Tea catechins, particularly (-)-epigallocatechin-3-gallate (EGCG) in green tea, have shown potential benefits for skeletal muscle performance and prevention of sarcopenia. However, the underlying mechanisms of these protective effects are still not fully understood.
JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY
(2023)
Article
Agriculture, Multidisciplinary
Jeong-Ho Oh, Chan-Yang Lee, Jeong-Eun Kim, Woo-Hyun Kim, Ji-Won Seo, Tae-Gyu Lim, Su-Yong Lee, Jin-Oh Chung, Yong-Deog Hong, Wan-Gi Kim, Soo-Jin Yoo, Kwang-Soon Shin, Soon-Mi Shim
Summary: This study found that green tea extracts can increase the resistance of starch, alter the microstructure of starch, and inhibit intestinal glucose transport. Adding green tea polysaccharides and flavonols can effectively delay blood glucose absorption.
JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY
(2021)
Review
Cell Biology
Elena Massimino, Anna Izzo, Gabriele Riccardi, Giuseppe Della Pepa
Summary: Sarcopenia, defined as the age-related decrease in skeletal muscle mass and loss of muscle power and function, is more prevalent in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). Glucose-lowering drugs prescribed for T2DM patients may impact sarcopenia through various mechanisms, affecting the balance between protein anabolism and catabolism in skeletal muscle. In addition to their glucose-lowering effects, these drugs can influence muscle strength, quantity/quality, and physical performance, leading to potential harmful or beneficial effects on skeletal muscle in individuals with T2DM.
Article
Medicine, Research & Experimental
Wenchao Hu, Yingqiang Ma, Dongming Xing
Summary: The study found that the TyG index is associated with the risk of low muscle mass in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus, with potential gender differences. In males, a positive correlation was observed between the TyG index and muscle mass, while no significant correlation was found in females.
CLINICAL AND EXPERIMENTAL MEDICINE
(2023)
Review
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Stephanie N. Alu, Evan A. Los, George A. Ford, William L. Stone
Summary: Considerable evidence supports the role of oxidative stress in adult type 2 diabetes (T2D), and this will also affect more and more children. Understanding the factors contributing to oxidative stress and T2D risk may help develop optimal early intervention strategies. The combination of systems medicine and redoxomics holds promise in optimizing future healthcare strategies for T2D patients.
Review
Endocrinology & Metabolism
Jinhee Hwang, Debbie C. Thurmond
Summary: The impaired GLUT4 translocation and defects in SNARE proteins and their regulators are closely related to the pathogenesis of diabetes. Novel functions of SNARE proteins in pathways not typically associated with SNAREs may provide new therapeutic targets for combating insulin resistance and diabetes.
FRONTIERS IN ENDOCRINOLOGY
(2022)
Article
Nutrition & Dietetics
Nicholas A. Hulett, Rebecca L. Scalzo, Jane E. B. Reusch
Summary: This review examines the physiological mechanisms of glucose uptake in healthy individuals and individuals with type 2 diabetes, highlighting insulin resistance as a key factor. The review also emphasizes the importance of exercise in enhancing glucose uptake.
Article
Endocrinology & Metabolism
Juergen G. Okun, Patricia M. Rusu, Andrea Y. Chan, Yuqin Wu, Yann W. Yap, Thomas Sharkie, Jonas Schumacher, Kathrin V. Schmidt, Katherine M. Roberts-Thomson, Ryan D. Russell, Annika Zota, Susanne Hille, Andreas Jungmann, Ludovico Maggi, Young Lee, Matthias Bluher, Stephan Herzig, Michelle A. Keske, Mathias Heikenwalder, Oliver J. Mueller, Adam J. Rose
Summary: Elevated hepatic alanine catabolism promotes hyperglycaemia and reduces skeletal muscle protein synthesis, linking sarcopenia with hyperglycaemia in type 2 diabetes. Obesity and sarcopenia are often associated in aging and may together contribute to the progression of conditions such as diabetes and frailty. Liver alanine metabolism driven by chronic glucocorticoid and glucagon signaling promotes hyperglycaemia and skeletal muscle wasting, revealing a metabolic inter-tissue cross-talk in type 2 diabetes.
Article
Cell Biology
Rafael A. Casuso, Saad Al Fazazi, Francisco J. Ruiz-Ojeda, Julio Plaza-Diaz, Ascension Rueda-Robles, Jeronimo Aragon-Vela, Jesus R. Huertas
Summary: The study tested whether supplementing hydroxytyrosol, the main polyphenol in olive oil, during exercise would modify the molecular regulators of glucose uptake. Results showed that a low-to-moderate dose of hydroxytyrosol might alter the beneficial effect of training on basal AKT phosphorylation and Rac1 activity in rats.
JOURNAL OF CELLULAR PHYSIOLOGY
(2021)
Article
Agriculture, Multidisciplinary
Chenzhipeng Nie, Ben Wang, Mingcong Fan, Yu Wang, Yujie Sun, Haifeng Qian, Yan Li, Li Wang
Summary: Tea of roasted Highland barley, rich in polyphenols, effectively alleviates aging-induced oxidative stress, inflammation, and skeletal muscle fibrosis. This is achieved through the activation of SIRT3 protein and the down-regulation of pro-fibrotic genes, inflammation, and oxidative stress levels. Silencing SIRT3 reduces the ability of Highland barley tea Polyphenols to mitigate skeletal muscle fibrosis and oxidative stress.
JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY
(2023)
Article
Endocrinology & Metabolism
Yiting Xu, Tingting Hu, Yun Shen, Yufei Wang, Yuqian Bao, Xiaojing Ma
Summary: Short-term changes in muscle mass affect the incidence of diabetes, highlighting the importance of early detection and control of muscle mass loss for diabetes prevention.
DIABETOLOGY & METABOLIC SYNDROME
(2023)
Article
Cell Biology
Zheng Fan, Guillermo Turiel, Raphaela Ardicoglu, Moheb Ghobrial, Evi Masschelein, Tea Kocijan, Jing Zhang, Ge Tan, Gillian Fitzgerald, Tatiane Gorski, Abdiel Alvarado-Diaz, Paola Gilardoni, Christopher M. Adams, Bart Ghesquiere, Katrien De Bock
Summary: The study suggests that there are two populations of muscle endothelial cells characterized by differential expression of ATF3/4, with red ATF3/4(+) mECs being more angiogenic compared to white ATF3/4(low) mECs. Mechanistically, ATF3/4 in mECs control genes involved in amino acid uptake and metabolism, metabolically priming red mECs for angiogenesis. Deletion of Atf4 in ECs was found to impair exercise-induced angiogenesis.