Journal
FERTILITY AND STERILITY
Volume 111, Issue 4, Pages 618-628Publisher
ELSEVIER SCIENCE INC
DOI: 10.1016/j.fertnstert.2019.02.011
Keywords
Endometrium; implantation; implantation failure; endometrial receptivity testing
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The endometrium is a dynamic, repetitively cycling tissue that mediates the implantation of the blastocyst. Evaluation of this complex tissue necessitates sophisticated methods that can assess its functional potential. Beginning in the 1950s with simple histological endometrial dating,'' these methods have crossed into the molecular era with the use of arrays aimed at dating, functional tests that assess for proliferation and differentiation, and tests that screen for inflammatory markers. In addition to these specialized tests, histologic evaluation for pathologic conditions-such as growth disorders (i.e. polyps and hyperplasia), inflammatory lesions, and retained products of conception-are critical for a complete assessment of the patient with recurrent implantation failure. Whatever the means of testing, the goal is to reveal actionable findings that can assist in offering the best options to patients who have failed multiple transfers with high quality embryos. ((C) 2019 by American Society for Reproductive Medicine.)
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