Article
Environmental Sciences
Jianhua Yin, Feiyue Mao, Lin Zang, Jiangping Chen, Xin Lu, Jia Hong
Summary: This study proposed a method to estimate PM2.5 distributions using the top-of-the-atmosphere reflectance (TOAR) of the Himawari-8 geostationary satellite over China. The results show that PM2.5 estimations from AOD and TOAR present a similar accuracy, with an enhanced spatio-temporal coverage provided by TOAR.
ATMOSPHERIC POLLUTION RESEARCH
(2021)
Article
Environmental Sciences
Caihong Huang, Kai Liu, Liang Zhou
Summary: The study found that the PM2.5 concentrations in urban agglomerations exhibit temporal trends and specific spatial correlations, with significant influence from land urbanization and energy consumption structures.
ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH
(2021)
Article
Engineering, Environmental
Gladys Rincon, Giobertti Morantes, Heydi Roa-Lopez, Maria del Pilar Cornejo-Rodriguez, Benjamin Jones, Lazaro Cremades
Summary: This research investigates the spatio-temporal characteristics of PM1 and PM2.5 concentrations in Guayaquil, Ecuador, and their main influencing factors. The study finds a high exceedance rate of the PM2.5-24 h threshold, indicating poor air quality in the city. The analysis reveals a complex nonlinear relationship between meteorological variables, occurrence of events, land use characteristics and PM concentrations. Public policies and interventions should focus on regulating land uses and continuously monitoring emission sources.
STOCHASTIC ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND RISK ASSESSMENT
(2023)
Article
Environmental Sciences
Ling Qi, Haotian Zheng, Dian Ding, Dechao Ye, Shuxiao Wang
Summary: This study investigates the inter-annual variations of aerosol optical depth (AOD) and surface PM2.5 in China between 2006 and 2017, and finds that meteorology changes have a larger impact on AOD trends than on surface PM2.5. Meteorology changes are beneficial to AOD and surface PM2.5 reduction in spring but have an adverse effect on aerosol reduction in summer.
Article
Engineering, Civil
Haoyu Jin, Xiaohong Chen, Yuming Wang, Ruida Zhong, Tongtiegang Zhao, Zhiyong Liu, Xinjun Tu
Summary: NDVI is influenced mainly by surface soil moisture and temperature, China's climate zones are divided into northern, southern, and northwestern inland areas, the deep learning algorithm can simulate NDVI values well, and concept drift detection identified environmental drift areas.
JOURNAL OF HYDROLOGY
(2021)
Article
Engineering, Aerospace
Yonghua Zhu, Sheng Zhang, Pingping Luo, Feng Su, Biao Sun, Li'e Liang, Juan Guo, Rui Yang
Summary: The study found that the vegetation growth in the Plain of West Liaohe Basin (WLBP) is showing an ameliorated trend, with precipitation being more sensitive to NDVI than temperature. The influence of hydrothermal changes on vegetation growth is more significant than that of single climate factors, with anthropogenic factors also playing a significant role in vegetation changes.
ADVANCES IN SPACE RESEARCH
(2021)
Article
Environmental Sciences
Xian Liu, Guihua Yi, Xiaobing Zhou, Tingbin Zhang, Xiaojuan Bie, Jingji Li, Huizhi Tan
Summary: Fine particulate matter (PM2.5) in most regions in China declined, but the northern slope of the Tianshan Mountains showed an increasing trend. Ozone (O3) concentration, on the other hand, showed a steady increasing trend and exceeded the annual average limit. PM2.5 in winter and O3 in summer had positive correlations with surface pressure, while PM2.5 and O3 in urban agglomerations were influenced by soil temperature. During the COVID-19 period, the impacts of meteorological factors and soil temperature on PM2.5 and O3 differed significantly.
ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION
(2023)
Article
Multidisciplinary Sciences
Weixuan Chen, Shiwei Zhang, Dezhou Kong, Tong Zou, Yuxi Zhang, Ali Cheshmehzangi
Summary: The ICT service industry has shown a booming growth at a high and stable speed, with equitable distribution contributing to positive peace at national and global level. This study verifies the spatio-temporal evolution characteristics and influencing factors of the ICT service industry. Using data from 31 provinces in China from 2015 to 2019, the study employs various analytical methods to explore the development characteristics, evolution, and influencing factors of the ICT service industry. The findings indicate concentration in specific regions, stable development, and significant impacts of certain factors on the industry. Strategies are proposed to promote inter-provincial networking development and enhance government policy guidance. These outcomes provide a scientific basis and theoretical support for resource distribution and integration, contributing to improved efficiency at both theoretical and practical levels.
SCIENTIFIC REPORTS
(2023)
Article
Biodiversity Conservation
Qian Liu, Zheyu Zhang, Chaofeng Shao, Run Zhao, Yang Guan, Chen Chen
Summary: This study analyzed the spatiotemporal variation characteristics of PM2.5 health risks in 247 cities in China from 2015 to 2017, divided the cities into four types based on the interannual variation differences in health risks, and explored the influence of socioeconomic drivers on PM2.5 health risks in these cities. The results show that Chinese PM2.5 health risks decreased by 3% during this period, with different types of cities having distinct patterns of economic development and susceptibility to various factors such as urbanization and industrial composition.
ECOLOGICAL INDICATORS
(2021)
Article
Environmental Sciences
Qingqing He, Mengya Wang, Steve Hung Lam Yim
Summary: Satellite aerosol retrievals have been widely used to monitor PM2.5 concentrations due to their broad coverage. This study investigated the relationship between PM2.5 and AOD in mainland China, using fine-spatial-resolution satellite AOD data and real-time ground measurements, revealing spatial and temporal variations in their correlation and impact factors. The findings suggest the importance of considering meteorological parameters and topography to enhance the accuracy of satellite-derived PM2.5 estimations.
ATMOSPHERIC CHEMISTRY AND PHYSICS
(2021)
Article
Environmental Sciences
Shaoting Li, Daojun Zhang, Yuan Xie, Chao Yang
Summary: China's grain production experienced four stages from 2001 to 2019, showing an overall upward trend. The spatial pattern had a significant positive correlation, with high values mainly concentrated in the eastern regions. Factors influencing grain production include labor force, mechanization, and water resources.
ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH
(2022)
Article
Environmental Sciences
Yuan Zeng, Hui-Min Ma, Qian-Yu Zhang, Lin Tao, Tao Wang, Cong Wan, She-Jun Chen, Bi-Xian Mai
Summary: This study investigated the spatial-temporal variations of polycyclic aromatic compounds (PACs) in fine particulate matter (PM2.5) and their toxicity. The results found that high molecular weight polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (MW302 PAHs) played a significant role in reactive oxygen species (ROS) generation, and industrial sources were identified as important contributors to PM2.5 toxicity in the studied city.
ENVIRONMENT INTERNATIONAL
(2023)
Article
Multidisciplinary Sciences
Youliang Chen, Qun Li, Hamed Karimian, Xunjun Chen, Xiaoming Li
Summary: The spread of COVID-19 in China can be divided into five stages, mainly concentrated in non-Hubei provinces. Factors influencing the epidemic include temperature, rainfall, and relative humidity. Simulation results show that the improved SIR model can be used to evaluate the effectiveness of NPIs.
SCIENTIFIC REPORTS
(2021)
Article
Environmental Sciences
Rongfeng Gao, Xiaoping Rui, Jiakui Tang
Summary: This study proposes a spatio-temporal weighted filling method based on a sliding window to supply missing Aerosol Optical Depth (AOD) data, and compares it with the mean filling method. The results show that the accuracy of this method has been significantly improved and the filling effect is smoother.
Article
Environmental Studies
Jie Zhang, Shengping Liu, Zijuan Zhao, Bin Li, Beilei Fan, Guomin Zhou
Summary: This study examines the direction, level, and spatial pattern of homesteads expansion from 2010 to 2020 and its influencing factors. The results indicate that most villages experienced a decrease in homesteads expansion, with factors such as distance from road, altitude, slope, and policy restriction influencing the expansion.
Article
Environmental Sciences
Yuqing Hu, Chao Zeng, Tongwen Li, Huanfeng Shen
Summary: This study estimated the hourly PM2.5 concentrations in China from April 2018 to March 2019 using a deep belief network and compared the suitability of Himawari-8 and FY-4A satellites. The results showed that the FY-4A satellite was more adaptable and had higher estimation accuracy for PM2.5 concentration in China.
ATMOSPHERIC ENVIRONMENT
(2022)
Article
Environmental Sciences
Siyu Tan, Yuan Wang, Qiangqiang Yuan, Li Zheng, Tongwen Li, Huanfeng Shen, LiangPei Zhang
Summary: This article introduces a hybrid model for repairing missing data in global PM2.5 measurements. The model combines single exponential smoothing-inverse distance weighted (SES-IDW) and long short-term memory (LSTM) methods. Experimental results show that the proposed model can effectively reconstruct data from PM2.5 sites worldwide.
ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH LETTERS
(2022)
Article
Environmental Sciences
Muyu Li, Qianqian Yang, Qiangqiang Yuan, Liye Zhu
Summary: In recent years, China has been facing severe ozone pollution, which poses a significant threat to human health. This study proposes a new framework for estimating ozone concentrations at a high resolution of 300 m in China based on Landsat 8 data and meteorological information. The proposed method, called deep forest (DF), outperforms other machine learning methods in terms of accuracy and mapping results. The estimations of DF are validated using various cross-validation techniques and show high agreement with station observations. The proposed method is applied to analyze the spatial and temporal variations of ozone in three Chinese cities, demonstrating its importance in fine-scale monitoring of ozone pollution.
Article
Environmental Sciences
Qianqian Yang, Qiangqiang Yuan, Tongwen Li
Summary: This study systematically evaluates the feasibility of retrieving ultrahigh-resolution PM2.5 concentration from top-of-atmosphere reflectance (TOAR) on a large scale. By using different retrieval models and images, a highly accurate PM2.5 product was generated and used to analyze pollution changes within the city. The results demonstrate the importance of ultrahigh-resolution in pollution monitoring.
ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION
(2022)
Article
Geosciences, Multidisciplinary
Tongwen Li, Qianqian Yang, Yuan Wang, Jingan Wu
Summary: China is currently in a critical stage of controlling fine particulate matter (PM2.5) and ozone (O3) in a coordinated manner. Accurate acquisition of high-resolution PM2.5 and O3 data is of great value. This study proposes a knowledge-informed neural network model that uses satellite observations, reanalysis data, and ground station measurements to jointly estimate PM2.5 and O3. The incorporation of prior knowledge improves estimation accuracy, and the proposed model achieves comparable performance with higher efficiency.
GEOSCIENCE FRONTIERS
(2023)
Article
Environmental Sciences
Qianqian Yang, Qiangqiang Yuan, Meng Gao, Tongwen Li
Summary: Remote sensing of air pollution is crucial for air quality management and health risk assessment. This study proposes a physics informed multi-task deep neural network (phyMTDNN) for the joint estimation of six main air pollutants. The proposed model utilizes the relationships among the pollutants to design the network structure and achieve simultaneous estimation of the pollutants.
SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT
(2023)
Article
Environmental Sciences
Lingfeng Zhang, Tongwen Li, Jingan Wu, Hongji Yang
Summary: In this study, a high-precision and high-spatial-resolution global dataset of carbon dioxide (CO2) is generated using deep learning-based multisource data fusion. The dataset fills the spatial gaps in satellite-based remote sensing data and has the potential to contribute to global carbon stocktaking and carbon reduction policy-making.
ENVIRONMENT INTERNATIONAL
(2023)
Article
Environmental Sciences
Tongwen Li, Jingan Wu, Tianxing Wang
Summary: China aims to achieve carbon neutrality by 2060, and satellite remote sensing can provide large-range and high-resolution carbon dioxide (CO2) data to support this goal. This paper generates daily full-coverage XCO2 data at a high spatial resolution of 0.1° over China during 2015-2020 by using a deep neural network (DNN) framework. The dataset helps enhance our understanding of carbon cycling.
SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT
(2023)
Article
Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences
Qianqian Yang, Jhoon Kim, Yeseul Cho, Won-Jin Lee, Dong-Won Lee, Qiangqiang Yuan, Fan Wang, Chenhong Zhou, Xiaorui Zhang, Xiang Xiao, Meiyu Guo, Yike Guo, Gregory R. R. Carmichael, Meng Gao
Summary: Researchers aimed to build a unified model to offer a synchronized estimation of ground-level air pollution levels. They used a multi-output random forest (MORF) model to simultaneously estimate the concentrations of PM2.5, PM10, O-3, NO2, CO, and SO2 in China. The model achieved a high accuracy with cross-validated R-2 reaching 0.94 and improved model efficiency compared to single-output models. The spatial distributions, seasonality, and diurnal variations of the six air pollutants were analyzed, and two typical pollution events were tracked based on the retrieved results.
NPJ CLIMATE AND ATMOSPHERIC SCIENCE
(2023)
Article
Environmental Sciences
Shuwen Li, Han Jing, Qiangqiang Yuan, Linwei Yue, Tongwen Li
Summary: Vegetation water content (VWC) is an important parameter for evaluating vegetation growth and climate change. This study integrates GNSS-IR NMRI data with AMSR-E and AMSR2 VOD data using machine learning models, and obtains spatio-temporally continuous NMRI products that accurately reflect the variability of VWC. The GRNN model shows the best retrieval accuracy in this study.
SCIENCE OF REMOTE SENSING
(2022)
Article
Geochemistry & Geophysics
Yinghong Jing, Liupeng Lin, Xinghua Li, Tongwen Li, Huanfeng Shen
Summary: This study utilizes advanced network technologies and satellite observations to achieve high-precision precipitation estimation over China. Experimental results show that cascaded networks outperform traditional methods in improving accuracy.
IEEE GEOSCIENCE AND REMOTE SENSING LETTERS
(2022)
Article
Remote Sensing
Jiajia Chen, Huanfeng Shen, Xinghua Li, Tongwen Li, Ying Wei
Summary: In recent years, there has been an increasing concern over near-surface ozone (O-3) pollution, which poses a serious threat to the ecological environment and human health. This paper proposes a method for estimating surface O-3 by integrating multiple data sources, including in-situ observations, remote sensing data, and model simulation data. The method achieves high accuracy and demonstrates excellent spatial mapping ability in a case study centered on North China.
INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF APPLIED EARTH OBSERVATION AND GEOINFORMATION
(2022)
Article
Geochemistry & Geophysics
Tongwen Li, Jingan Wu, Jiajia Chen, Huanfeng Shen
Summary: This study uses neural network models to improve the accuracy of surface ozone data estimation, achieving better performance compared to the traditional empirical weighting method.
IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON GEOSCIENCE AND REMOTE SENSING
(2022)
Article
Remote Sensing
Jingan Wu, Liupeng Lin, Tongwen Li, Qing Cheng, Chi Zhang, Huanfeng Shen
Summary: In this study, a degradation-term constrained spatiotemporal fusion network (DSTFN) is proposed for time-series imagery, which can generate high-resolution dense time-series imagery and shows strong robustness and generalization ability.
INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF APPLIED EARTH OBSERVATION AND GEOINFORMATION
(2022)
Review
Environmental Sciences
Attila Csaba Kondor, Anna Viktoria Vancsik, Laszlo Bauer, Lili Szabo, Zoltan Szalai, Gergely Jakab, Gabor Maasz, Marta Pedrosa, Maria Jose Sampaio, Ana Rita Lado Ribeiro
Summary: This review provides a critical overview of research on the removal efficiency of priority substances and compounds of emerging concern through bank filtration, discussing influencing factors and future challenges. The findings show that the efficiency of bank filtration is influenced by multiple factors and varies for different substances.
ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION
(2024)
Article
Environmental Sciences
Xinyan Wang, Shuai Zhang, Huihui Yan, Zhao Ma, Yunshan Zhang, Haining Luo, Xueli Yang
Summary: This study investigated the association between ambient PM2.5, O3 pollution, and ovarian reserve in reproductive-aged Chinese women. The results showed that increased exposure to PM2.5 and O3 was associated with decreased AMH levels, indicating reduced ovarian reserve. Notably, the effects of O3 exposure on ovarian reserve were different from those of PM2.5 exposure.
ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION
(2024)
Article
Environmental Sciences
Tingting Ma, Yanjuan Ding, Fengjiao Xu, Chen Zhang, Min Zhou, Ya Tang, Yanrong Chen, Yating Wen, Rufei Chen, Bin Tang, Shigui Wang
Summary: The dragonfly species Orthetrum albistylum can accumulate heavy metals, and its heat shock protein genes have the potential to serve as biomarkers for monitoring environmental pollutants.
ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION
(2024)
Article
Environmental Sciences
Naoto Ishiwaka, Koya Hashimoto, Masayoshi K. Hiraiwa, Francisco Sanchez-Bayo, Taku Kadoya, Daisuke Hayasaka
Summary: Systemic insecticides and rising temperatures have combined effects on the abundance of Odonata nymphs in paddy fields. The standalone effect of insecticide exposure decreased the Odonata community, while nymphs decreased synergistically with temperature rise in paddy water. However, the impacts of each stressor alone varied among species.
ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION
(2024)
Article
Environmental Sciences
Marco Vecchiato, Carlo Barbante, Elena Barbaro, Francois Burgay, Warren R. L. Cairns, Alice Callegaro, David Cappelletti, Federico Dallo, Marianna D'Amico, Matteo Feltracco, Jean-Charles Gallet, Andrea Gambaro, Catherine Larose, Niccolo Maffezzoli, Mauro Mazzola, Ivan Sartorato, Federico Scoto, Clara Turetta, Massimiliano Varde, Zhiyong Xie, Andrea Spolaor
Summary: The Arctic region is facing contamination from long-range pollution and local human activities. Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons (PAHs) are used as environmental indicators for emission, transport, and deposition processes. Research conducted in the Arctic surface snow in Ny-Ålesund, Svalbard from October 2018 to May 2019 shows that long-range inputs of PAHs mainly occur in winter, while the most abundant analyte retene exhibits opposite seasonal trends.
ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION
(2024)
Review
Environmental Sciences
Maoshui Zhuo, Zhijie Chen, Xiaoqing Liu, Wei Wei, Yansong Shen, Bing-Jie Ni
Summary: This paper discusses the application of three catalytic processes (photocatalysis, electrocatalysis, and biocatalysis) in the management of microplastic pollution, and introduces the efficiency and catalytic mechanisms of different catalysts. It also proposes the development prospects for sustainable management of microplastic pollution.
ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION
(2024)
Article
Environmental Sciences
Shiyu Chen, Zhenzhen Shi, Qiang Zhang
Summary: In this study, a human physiologically based pharmacokinetic (PBPK) model of diethyl phthalate (DEP) was developed to assess its toxicity. The model considers the distribution and metabolism of DEP and its active metabolite monoethyl phthalate (MEP) in different tissue compartments. Sensitivity analysis and Bayesian Markov chain Monte Carlo (MCMC) simulations were performed to evaluate the uncertainty and variability of the model parameters. The results suggest that dermal absorption is an important route of exposure to DEP in the environment.
ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION
(2024)
Article
Environmental Sciences
Bangguo Wang, Lijing Wang, Wenxi Cen, Tao Lyu, Peter Jarvis, Yang Zhang, Yuanxun Zhang, Yinghui Han, Lei Wang, Gang Pan, Kaili Zhang, Wei Fan
Summary: This study investigates the feasibility and mechanisms of a chemical-free nanobubble-based AOP for treating organic micropollutants in water. The results show that the oxygen nanobubble AOP has a significantly higher removal efficiency compared to air and nitrogen nanobubbles. The treatment performance is not affected by pH and the presence of ions. Higher initial concentrations of the micropollutant lead to slower treatment processes, but similar removal performance is achieved in the end. The presence of organic matter reduces the removal rate of the micropollutant. The results have practical feasibility for water and wastewater treatment.
ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION
(2024)
Article
Environmental Sciences
Yingmei Huang, Jicai Yi, Yao Huang, Songxiong Zhong, Bin Zhao, Jing Zhou, Yuxuan Wang, Yiwen Zhu, Yanhong Du, Fangbai Li
Summary: This study investigates the impact of biochar on methylmercury (MeHg) accumulation in rice. The results show that biochar reduces MeHg levels in paddy soils by decreasing bioavailable Hg and microbial Hg methylation. Additionally, biochar decreases the uptake and translocation of MeHg in rice plants, resulting in a reduction of MeHg accumulation in rice grains.
ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION
(2024)
Article
Environmental Sciences
Nengde Zeng, Fei Huang, Jiani Du, Chenghao Huang, Qian Yang, Xinhua Zhan, Baoshan Xing
Summary: This study investigates the protein targets and protein-ligand interactions related to PAH contamination in crop xylem sap using computational tools. The results show that phenanthrene has a more pronounced effect on the xylem sap proteins of maize and wheat, with maize DEPs associated with lipid biosynthesis and wheat DEPs exhibiting an increase in ABC transporters. This study provides insights into the regulation and movement of PAHs within plant xylem.
ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION
(2024)
Article
Environmental Sciences
Xinwei Chen, Hao Ma, Run Wang, Man Wang, Binbin Zhu, Yanqing Cong, Xiayue Zhu, Guoqin Wang, Yi Zhang
Summary: Co3O4/TiO2-NRs electrodes with excellent photoresponse were prepared via plasma-assisted modification of Co3O4 on TiO2. The combination of Co3O4 and TiO2 improved the light utilization efficiency and showed potential for degradation of pollutants.
ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION
(2024)
Article
Environmental Sciences
Wenjing Ji, Liying Song, Jing Wang, Hongqing Song
Summary: This study conducted a life-cycle assessment to examine the correlation between natural gas consumption and carbon emissions in different end uses in China. The results showed that both natural gas consumption and life-cycle carbon emissions have been increasing since 2017. Significant variations in NG life-cycle carbon emissions were found across different provinces and sectors, highlighting the need for targeted efforts to reduce carbon emissions.
ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION
(2024)
Article
Environmental Sciences
Youyi Chen, Boxuan Zhang, Pojun Zhang, Guogui Shi, Hao Liang, Wu Cai, Jingyu Gao, Sumin Zhuang, Kaiyin Luo, Jiaqi Zhu, Chaoxiang Chen, Kunyu Ma, Jinrong Chen, Chun Hu, Xueci Xing
Summary: The synergistic effects of trace sulfadiazine and cast-iron corrosion scales on the formation of disinfection by-products in drinking water distribution systems were investigated. The presence of magnetite resulted in increased concentrations of DBPs due to the higher microbial activity and enhanced microbial extracellular electron transport pathway. The study highlights the importance of considering trace antibiotics pollution and corrosion scales in water sources for DBP control.
ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION
(2024)
Review
Environmental Sciences
Bishwa Raj Pokharel, Vijay Sheri, Manoj Kumar, Zhiyong Zhang, Baohong Zhang
Summary: This review summarizes the interactions, uptake, and transport of aluminum nanoparticles (Al-NPs) in plants, highlighting their negative effects on plant growth and development, as well as their potential to alter plant defense systems and gene expression.
ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION
(2024)
Article
Environmental Sciences
Yonglu Wang, Fengsong Zhang, Xiaoyong Liao, Xiao Yang, Guixiang Zhang, Liyun Zhang, Chaojun Wei, Pengge Shi, Jiongxin Wen, Xiaorong Ju, Can Xu, Yang Liu, Ying Lan
Summary: This study aims to explore the effects of thiencarbazone-methyl center dot isoxaflutole on soil microflora and the potential mitigation mechanisms to bacterial communities. It was found that increasing the application of thiencarbazone-methyl center dot isoxaflutole resulted in increased stress on soil bacterial community structure and diversity. Increasing soil pH was recognized as a key factor in improving the diversity and structure of soil microflora. Supplemental use of nitrapyrin or modified attapulgite can increase soil pH and improve bacterial diversity.
ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION
(2024)
