Article
Medicine, General & Internal
Johanna M. Jaakkola, Suvi P. Rovio, Katja Pahkala, Jorma Viikari, Tapani Ronnemaa, Antti Jula, Harri Niinikoski, Juha Mykkanen, Markus Juonala, Nina Hutri-Kahonen, Mika Kahonen, Terho Lehtimaki, Olli T. Raitakari
Summary: Childhood exposure to parental smoking is positively associated with increased risk of overweight/obesity and central obesity over the life-course, as indicated by the data from the two longitudinal cohort studies.
ANNALS OF MEDICINE
(2021)
Article
Public, Environmental & Occupational Health
Rebekka Christopoulou, Georgios Mavropoulos, Georgios Voucharas
Summary: Smoking rates in Greece are the highest among OECD countries, but little is known about the historical and life-course evolution of smoking patterns. This study provides nationally representative life-course trajectories of smoking and related mortality for eight generations of Greek men and women. The findings show that smoking prevalence is high among Greek men and has plateaued, while it is relatively lower among women and follows a hump-shaped pattern. Smoking-attributable mortality is currently peaking for men and rising for women, but is projected to start declining in the coming years.
JOURNAL OF PUBLIC HEALTH
(2022)
Article
Public, Environmental & Occupational Health
Shelley Clark
Summary: Research shows that living in rural areas during early childhood can lead to obesity in young adulthood, while residence in rural areas during later childhood and adolescence has less impact on weight. Therefore, improving the health of rural mothers and infants may help address the roots of rural obesity.
Review
Medicine, General & Internal
Katarzyna Wilk-Sledziewska, Piotr Jan Sielatycki, Natalia Uscinska, Elzbieta Bujno, Mariusz Rosolowski, Katarzyna Kakareko, Rafal Sledziewski, Alicja Rydzewska-Rosolowska, Tomasz Hryszko, Edyta Zbroch
Summary: This study aims to review the impact of cardiovascular risk factors on the course and mortality of COVID-19 infection. The findings suggest a strong correlation between risk factors such as obesity, diabetes, lipid profile, hypertension, and smoking with severe clinical complications and death in COVID-19 patients. These risk factors are widespread and pose a significant global health problem.
JOURNAL OF CLINICAL MEDICINE
(2022)
Article
Pediatrics
Steven Hirschfeld, Elizabeth Goodman, Shari Barkin, Elaine Faustman, Neal Halfon, Anne W. Riley
Summary: The approach integrates a lifecourse framework with a series of layered assessments to capture the four fundamental dimensions of health measurement - Potential, Adaptability, Performance, and Experience. The four dimensions are conceptually mapped onto a plane forming a quadrilateral, and sequential measurements over time will form a volume.
FRONTIERS IN PEDIATRICS
(2021)
Article
Multidisciplinary Sciences
Yang Claire Yang, Christine E. Walsh, Moira P. Johnson, Daniel W. Belsky, Max Reason, Patrick Curran, Allison E. Aiello, Marianne Chanti-Ketterl, Kathleen Mullan Harris
Summary: This study found that with more recent birth cohorts, there are higher levels of BMI and larger increases in BMI with age. Disparities in BMI between Black and Hispanic individuals compared to Whites were present early in life and persisted at all ages. Higher parental and adulthood education levels were associated with lower levels of BMI, and disparities in BMI trajectories were larger for women compared to men.
PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL ACADEMY OF SCIENCES OF THE UNITED STATES OF AMERICA
(2021)
Review
Medicine, General & Internal
Domenico Azzolino, Giulia Carla Immacolata Spolidoro, Edoardo Saporiti, Costanza Luchetti, Carlo Agostoni, Matteo Cesari
Summary: Aging is characterized by the progressive decline of muscle mass and bone loss, leading to adverse outcomes such as falls, fractures, functional decline, frailty, and mortality. Taking action during critical periods in early life to build biological reserves can influence the rate of functional decline in later stages. Nutrition and physical exercise play a key role in influencing musculoskeletal development and maintaining peak bone and muscle mass.
FRONTIERS IN MEDICINE
(2021)
Article
Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology
Shan-shan Yang, Yao He, Lin Xu, Yali Jin, Wei-sen Zhang, Chao-qiang Jiang, Kar Keung Cheng, Tai Hing Lam
Summary: Genome-wide association studies have identified the BDNF locus on chromosome 11 as the only SNP associated with both smoking behavior and body mass index in multiple populations. This study reveals a unique genetic predisposition to obesity in former smokers with certain BDNF SNPs, particularly in heavy smokers. Further research is needed to understand the underlying mechanisms of these associations.
Article
Public, Environmental & Occupational Health
Jessica Polos, Stephanie Koning, Thomas McDade
Summary: This study examines the impact of adolescent peer social contextual disadvantage on lifecourse obesity, finding varying effects based on intersecting race, gender, and socioeconomic identities. Black men from lower-income households show a strong negative relationship between peer economic disadvantage and adult obesity, while Black women across different income levels exhibit a positive relationship that strengthens over time. Non-Black women show a modest positive relationship, while no relationship is found among non-Black men. These findings suggest that the pathways through which peer economic disadvantage influences health differ based on intersecting identities, offering new insights for understanding social determinants of adult health.
SOCIAL SCIENCE & MEDICINE
(2021)
Article
Multidisciplinary Sciences
Kabir Ahmad, Enamul Kabir, Syed Afroz Keramat, Rasheda Khanam
Summary: The study found that poor maternal physical and mental health during or up to 15 months after childbirth was associated with adverse health outcomes for their offspring, including poor general health, presence of chronic health conditions, and lower physical health scores. Additionally, the presence of a chronic condition in mothers during pregnancy significantly increased the likelihood of their offspring having a chronic condition in infancy and adolescence. Stressful life events and mental health issues in mothers were also found to impact the health of their children during adolescence and infancy, respectively.
Article
Obstetrics & Gynecology
Cynthia Maxwell, Rachelle Shirley, Amy C. O'Higgins, Mary L. Rosser, Patrick O'Brien, Moshe Hod, Sharleen L. O'Reilly, Virna P. Medina, Graeme N. Smith, Mark A. Hanson, Sumaiya Adam, Ronald C. Ma, Anil Kapur, Harold David McIntyre, Bo Jacobsson, Liona C. Poon, Lina Bergman, Lesley Regan, Esraa Algurjia, Fionnuala M. McAuliffe
Summary: Obesity is a chronic, progressive, relapsing, and treatable neurobehavioral disease that affects women's health and requires a focus on optimizing health outcomes rather than weight loss. Appropriate and sensitive language, as well as trauma-informed care, is necessary when discussing obesity.
INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF GYNECOLOGY & OBSTETRICS
(2023)
Editorial Material
Public, Environmental & Occupational Health
Willa D. Brenowitz
Summary: The relationship between BMI and dementia risk in older adults remains controversial, with some studies showing an inverse association while others point to a potential increased risk with higher midlife BMI. The study by Li et al. highlights the importance of studying dementia risk factors throughout the life course and the potential impact of reverse causation on the observed trends.
AMERICAN JOURNAL OF EPIDEMIOLOGY
(2021)
Review
Psychiatry
Nour Shaheen, Ahmed Shaheen, Rehab Adel Diab, Abdelrahman M. Saad, Omar Ahmed Abdelwahab, Sama Soliman, Mahmoud Tarek Hefnawy, Alaa Ramadan, Mostafa Meshref, Abdulqadir J. Nashwan
Summary: This study demonstrates a correlation between smoking and serum leptin/ghrelin levels, which explains smoking's effect on body weight.
FRONTIERS IN PSYCHIATRY
(2023)
Article
Public, Environmental & Occupational Health
Edith E. Schermer, Peter M. Engelfriet, Anneke Blokstra, W. M. Monique Verschuren, H. Susan J. Picavet
Summary: The study found changing trends in health-related lifestyle factors over 30 years at both population and individual levels, emphasizing the importance of individual-level changes in predicting potential changes in health-related lifestyles.
FRONTIERS IN PUBLIC HEALTH
(2022)
Review
Endocrinology & Metabolism
Danfei Liu, Tongyue Zhang, Yijun Wang, Limin Xia
Summary: The COVID-19 pandemic caused by SARS-CoV-2 has become a global public health challenge, with approximately 25% of patients progressing to ARDS and a mortality rate of 5-7%. Factors such as age, smoking, obesity, and chronic diseases have been identified as risk factors for severe complications and death in COVID-19 patients. Understanding how obesity increases susceptibility to and severity of COVID-19 is crucial due to the global obesity epidemic and its impact on disease progression.
FRONTIERS IN ENDOCRINOLOGY
(2021)
Article
Public, Environmental & Occupational Health
Mark Lee, Amal Harrati, David H. Rehkopf, Sepideh Modrek
Summary: This study found that growing up in an area exposed to New Deal emergency employment in 1940 is associated with long-term cognitive health benefits in later life. This association can be partially explained by the higher level of education among individuals who experienced greater levels of emergency employment activity in their place of upbringing.
JOURNAL OF EPIDEMIOLOGY AND COMMUNITY HEALTH
(2023)
Article
Clinical Neurology
Holly Elser, Michelle Caunca, David H. Rehkopf, Wells Andres, Rebecca F. Gottesman, Scott E. Kasner, Kristine Yaffe, Andrea L. C. Schneider
Summary: The study found that the diagnosis and treatment rates of poststroke depression have been increasing among stroke patients over the years. Women have a higher diagnosis rate compared to men, while racial/ethnic minorities have a lower diagnosis rate. Furthermore, women and older patients are more likely to receive treatment.
JOURNAL OF NEUROLOGY NEUROSURGERY AND PSYCHIATRY
(2023)
Article
Otorhinolaryngology
Z. Jason Qian, David H. Rehkopf
Summary: The findings of this cross-sectional study suggest that socially disadvantaged children with otitis media are less likely to receive treatment and more likely to experience complications for undertreated otitis media. Efforts need to be made to ensure equitable access to treatment for all children as otitis media is a modifiable risk factor for hearing loss.
JAMA OTOLARYNGOLOGY-HEAD & NECK SURGERY
(2023)
Article
Public, Environmental & Occupational Health
Richard Liang, Danielle M. Panelli, David K. Stevenson, David H. Rehkopf, Gary M. Shaw
Summary: This study examined the associations between glucose measurements during pregnancy and the risk of preterm birth (PTB). The results showed that elevations in all eight glucose measures were associated with an increased risk of PTB. These associations remained consistent after adjusting for sociodemographic and clinical factors.
ANNALS OF EPIDEMIOLOGY
(2023)
Article
Oncology
Simon John Christoph Soerensen, Maria E. Montez-Rath, Iona Cheng, Scarlett Lin Gomez, Debora L. Oh, Christian Jackson, Jinhui Li, David Rehkopf, Glenn M. Chertow, Marvin E. Langston, Calyani Ganesan, Alan C. Pao, Benjamin I. Chung, John T. Leppert
Summary: This study evaluated the association between groundwater exposures and kidney cancer incidence and identified several groundwater constituents associated with kidney cancer. Public health efforts to reduce the burden of kidney cancer should consider groundwater constituents as environmental exposures that may be associated with the incidence of kidney cancer.
Article
Multidisciplinary Sciences
Robert Hiatt, Lee Worden, David S. Rehkopf, Natalie Engmann, Melissa Troester, John Witte, Kaya E. Balke, Christian Jackson, Janice A. Barlow, Suzanne Fenton, Sarah Gehlert, Ross Hammond, George Kaplan, John T. Kornak, Krisida Nishioka, Thomas C. McKone, Martyn Smith, Leonardo Trasande, Travis Porco
Summary: This study developed a complex systems model to explore the incidence of breast cancer among women in California, using a variety of data sources. The model successfully reproduces the age-specific incidence curve and specific risk factors, providing valuable insights for public health decision-making.
Article
Geriatrics & Gerontology
Eric Dec, James Clement, Kaiyang Cheng, George M. Church., Michael B. Fossel., David. H. Rehkopf, Luis Rosero-Bixby, Michael S. Kobor, David TS. Lin, Ake T. Lu, Zhe Fei, Wei Guo, Yap Ching Chew, Xiaojing Yang, Sulistyo E. Dwi Putra, Alex P. Reiner, Adolfo Correa, Adrian Vilalta, Chiara Pirazzini, Giuseppe Passarino, Daniela Monti, Beatrice Arosio, Paolo Garagnani, Claudio Franceschi, Steve Horvath
Summary: Claims of exceptional longevity are often disputed or dismissed due to lack of credible evidence. This study presents three DNA methylation-based age estimators (epigenetic clocks) to verify age claims of centenarians. The centenarian clocks were developed using 7039 blood and saliva samples from individuals older than 40, including centenarians, semi-supercentenarians, and supercentenarians. The most accurate centenarian clock was achieved using a neural network model applied to a training set of individuals older than 40. These clocks have the potential to validate claims surrounding exceptional old age.
Article
Medicine, General & Internal
Kyeezu Kim, Kristine Yaffe, David H. Rehkopf, Yinan Zheng, Drew R. Nannini, Amanda M. Perak, Jason M. Nagata, Greg E. Miller, Kai Zhang, Donald M. Lloyd-Jones, Brian T. Joyce, Lifang Hou
Summary: This study examined the associations between adverse childhood experiences (ACEs) and epigenetic age acceleration (EAA) in middle-aged adults, and found a positive correlation between ACEs and EAA, highlighting the relationship between early life experiences and the biological aging process.
Article
Public, Environmental & Occupational Health
Robert C. Schell, Lia C. H. Fernald, Patrick T. Bradshaw, David H. Rehkopf, William H. Dow
Summary: Low educational attainment and high adiposity are associated with a greater risk of cardiovascular disease. The impact of educational attainment on the relationship between adiposity and cardiovascular disease is still poorly understood.
SSM-POPULATION HEALTH
(2023)
Article
Health Care Sciences & Services
James White, Sophie Borgia, David H. Rehkopf
Summary: This study investigated the risk of suicide attempts in sexual minority and socioeconomically deprived young people in the UK. The findings revealed that socioeconomically deprived sexual minority individuals have a unique vulnerability to making a suicide attempt. The results highlight the importance of awareness and support from health and educational practitioners.
LANCET REGIONAL HEALTH-EUROPE
(2023)
Article
Health Care Sciences & Services
Shiying Hao, David H. Rehkopf, Esther Velasquez, Ayin Vala, Andrew W. Bazemore, Robert L. Phillips
Summary: This report discusses the experience of small primary care practices participating in a national clinical registry with COVID-19 vaccines and vaccination data. By the end of 2021, 11.2 percent of the practices' 3.9 million patients had records of COVID-19 vaccination. However, 43.1 percent of clinics had no record of patients' COVID-19 vaccinations, but 93.4 percent of clinics had provided or recorded other routine vaccinations.
Article
Pediatrics
David H. Rehkopf, Janet M. Wojcicki, K. Farish Haydel, Jue Lin, Dana L. Smith, Kristopher I. Kapphahn, Thomas N. Robinson
Summary: This study examined the changes in leukocyte telomere length (LTL) during and after a behavioral weight control program for children with obesity. The results suggest that LTL increased during the intervention period of the program, but declined after the completion of the intervention. The study also suggests that LTL may be a useful biomarker for assessing changes in response to behavioral interventions.
Article
Environmental Sciences
Holly Elser, Arielle Kempinsky, Sidra Goldman-Mellor, Maggie Li, Ralph Catalano, David H. Rehkopf, Joan A. Casey
Summary: Since 2010, seismicity in Oklahoma has increased due to wastewater injection. It is unclear if these earthquakes have led to an increase in seeking mental healthcare services. The study found that there is an association between the frequency of felt earthquakes and healthcare visits for stress disorders.
ENVIRONMENTAL EPIDEMIOLOGY
(2023)
Article
Public, Environmental & Occupational Health
Richard Liang, Mathew V. Kiang, Philip Grant, Christian Jackson, David H. Rehkopf
Summary: This study aims to examine the association between previous county-level public health expenditures and community health planning activities with COVID-19 cases and deaths. The results show that higher levels of local public health expenditures and community health planning activities are associated with fewer county-level COVID-19 deaths.
PREVENTIVE MEDICINE REPORTS
(2023)
Article
Health Care Sciences & Services
Zhou Yang, Christina Silcox, Mark Sendak, Sherri Rose, David Rehkopf, Robert Phillips, Lars Peterson, Miguel Marino, John Maier, Steven Lin, Winston Liaw, Ioannis A. Kakadiaris, John Heintzman, Isabella Chu, Andrew Bazemore
Summary: This article presents a framework that identifies five domains for AI/ML integration in primary care and emphasizes the importance of primary care in developing and implementing AI/ML tools.
HEALTHCARE-THE JOURNAL OF DELIVERY SCIENCE AND INNOVATION
(2022)