Review
Allergy
Xinni Xu, Sietze Reitsma, De Yun Wang, Wytske J. Fokkens
Summary: This review summarizes the recent clinical evidence on the use of biologicals in severe CRSwNP and N-ERD, and proposes a decision-making approach. Biologicals such as omalizumab, dupilumab, mepolizumab, and benralizumab have shown favorable outcomes in patients with difficult-to-control inflammation and persistent symptoms.
Article
Otorhinolaryngology
Robert Boescke, Mathias Heidemann, Karl-Ludwig Bruchhage
Summary: This study evaluated the effectiveness and safety of Dupilumab for patients with chronic rhinosinusitis with nasal polyps. The results showed that Dupilumab can significantly improve nasal endoscopy scores, patient-reported outcome measures, and olfactory identification ability. However, it also had some impacts on blood indicators, which need to be carefully monitored.
Article
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Rong-San Jiang, I-Chieh Chen, Yi-Ming Chen, Tzu-Hung Hsiao, Yi-Chen Chen
Summary: This study found that polygenic risk scores developed from European populations can be applied to the Taiwanese population to predict the risk of chronic rhinosinusitis, especially for female patients with nasal polyps.
Review
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Junhu Tai, Jae-Min Shin, Jaehyung Park, Munsoo Han, Tae Hoon Kim
Summary: Oxidative stress is caused by an imbalance between reactive oxygen species production and the body's antioxidant defense system. It plays a crucial role in regulating the immune response and can contribute to various diseases. Recent studies have found that oxidative stress is important in the pathogenesis and persistence of chronic rhinosinusitis (CRS), attracting the attention of researchers. The relationship between reactive oxygen species and nasal polyp pathology is a key topic of interest. This article reviews the role of oxidative stress in respiratory diseases, specifically CRS, and introduces potential antioxidant therapies for targeted treatment.
Article
Allergy
Julie A. Poposki, Aiko Klingler, Whitney W. Stevens, Lydia A. Suh, Bruce K. Tan, Anju T. Peters, Hiam Abdala-Valencia, Leslie C. Grammer, Kevin C. Welch, Stephanie S. Smith, David B. Conley, Robert C. Kern, Robert P. Schleimer, Atsushi Kato
Summary: This study found that neutrophils accumulate and are highly activated in CRSwNP in Western populations, playing a significant role in the inflammation. This finding has important implications for the pathogenesis and treatment of CRSwNP in Western countries.
JOURNAL OF ALLERGY AND CLINICAL IMMUNOLOGY
(2022)
Article
Otorhinolaryngology
Lauren T. Roland, Alan Regenberg, Amber U. Luong, Sarah K. Wise, Elina Toskala, Kent K. Lam, Joshua M. Levy, Christine B. Franzese, Kristine Smith, Jean Kim
Summary: Biologics have been approved for use in chronic rhinosinusitis with nasal polyps patients, showing effectiveness in controlling the disease in both subjective and objective short-term outcomes. However, the high costs of biologics may pose a burden for the healthcare system with widespread and prolonged use. Cost-effectiveness analyses are needed to determine appropriate usage, along with addressing patient preferences, counseling on side effects, and healthcare economics.
INTERNATIONAL FORUM OF ALLERGY & RHINOLOGY
(2021)
Review
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Florent Carsuzaa, Emilie Bequignon, Xavier Dufour, Guillaume de Bonnecaze, Jean-Claude Lecron, Laure Favot
Summary: This review summarizes the current state of knowledge regarding the cytokine signature in CRSwNP, as well as the role of cytokines in the pathogenesis of the disease and in intercellular communication between epithelial cells, fibroblasts, and inflammatory cells.
INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF MOLECULAR SCIENCES
(2022)
Article
Cell Biology
Jian-Wen Ruan, Jie-Fang Zhao, Xue-Li Li, Bo Liao, Li Pan, Ke-Zhang Zhu, Qi-Miao Feng, Jin-Xin Liu, Zi-E Yu, Jia Song, Hai Wang, Zheng Liu
Summary: In chronic rhinosinusitis with nasal polyps (CRSwNP), tissue neutrophilia is associated with higher levels of inflammatory mediators and lower percentages of apoptotic neutrophils. Neutrophil-high nasal polyps predominantly exhibit type 1 and type 3 endotypes.
FRONTIERS IN CELL AND DEVELOPMENTAL BIOLOGY
(2021)
Review
Health Care Sciences & Services
Eugenio De Corso, Maria Beatrice Bilo, Andrea Matucci, Veronica Seccia, Fulvio Braido, Matteo Gelardi, Enrico Heffler, Manuela Latorre, Luca Malvezzi, Girolamo Pelaia, Gianenrico Senna, Paolo Castelnuovo, Giorgio Walter Canonica
Summary: Chronic rhinosinusitis (CRS) is a commonly occurring chronic inflammatory disease of the sinuses and nasal passages, with nasal polyps (CRSwNP) presenting in a significant proportion of CRS patients. A third of CRSwNP patients do not respond well to current standard treatments. Biologics are being explored as a potential treatment option for severe uncontrolled CRSwNP, but their place in the treatment algorithm is still being debated. Effective endotyping of CRSwNP patients is necessary to identify those who would benefit from biologics treatment. Other factors such as comorbidities including allergies, non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug-exacerbated respiratory disease, and asthma also impact treatment decisions. While a multidisciplinary approach may improve CRSwNP management in patients with comorbidities, there is currently no shared management model.
JOURNAL OF PERSONALIZED MEDICINE
(2022)
Article
Allergy
Junqin Bai, Julia H. Huang, Caroline P. E. Price, Jacob M. Schauer, Lydia A. Suh, Regan Harmon, David B. Conley, Kevin C. Welch, Robert C. Kern, Stephanie Shintani-Smith, Anju T. Peters, Whitney W. Stevens, Atsushi Kato, Robert P. Schleimer, Bruce K. Tan
Summary: This study aimed to evaluate the impact of polyp recurrence (PR) on disease severity post-ESS and quantify the prognostic value of various clinical variables and biomarkers. The study found a significant association between PR and radiographic and sinonasal test scores post-ESS. A combined model incorporating clinical and biomarker factors accurately predicted PR.
JOURNAL OF ALLERGY AND CLINICAL IMMUNOLOGY
(2022)
Article
Allergy
Yan Zhao, Junru Chen, Yun Hao, Boqian Wang, Yue Wang, Qinghua Liu, Jinming Zhao, Ying Li, Ping Wang, Xiangdong Wang, Peng Zhang, Luo Zhang
Summary: The study found that altered nasal microbiota constituents can be used as biomarkers to predict CRSwNP recurrence, providing new insights for the prognosis of nasal polyp patients. The nasal microbiome is an understudied source of clinical variation in CRSwNP and represents a novel therapeutic target for future prevention and treatment.
Article
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Maria Sandra Dominguez-Sosa, Maria Soledad Cabrera-Ramirez, Miriam del Carmen Marrero-Ramos, Delia Davila-Quintana, Carlos Cabrera-Lopez, Teresa Carrillo-Diaz, Jesus Javier Benitez del Rosario
Summary: This study aimed to evaluate the efficacy of mepolizumab in patients with chronic rhinosinusitis with nasal polyps (CRSwNP) in real-life settings. A retrospective observational study was conducted on severe CRSwNP patients treated with mepolizumab. The results showed significant improvements in symptoms, polyp scores, blood eosinophils, and corticosteroid use, leading to enhanced health-related quality of life in patients with severe CRSwNP, regardless of the presence of asthma or aspirin exacerbated respiratory disease (AERD).
Article
Allergy
Aiko I. Klingler, Whitney W. Stevens, Bruce K. Tan, Anju T. Peters, Julie A. Poposki, Leslie C. Grammer, Kevin C. Welch, Stephanie S. Smith, David B. Conley, Robert C. Kern, Robert P. Schleimer, Atsushi Kato
Summary: Different inflammatory endotypes in CRSsNP are controlled by distinct molecular mechanisms, and biomarkers in nasal lavage fluids may help distinguish tissue endotypes in CRSsNP, allowing for more precise and personalized medical treatments.
JOURNAL OF ALLERGY AND CLINICAL IMMUNOLOGY
(2021)
Article
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Hyunjae Yu, Dong-Kyu Kim
Summary: Machine-learning algorithms were used to investigate the factors associated with the recurrence of CRSwNP following sinus surgery. Neutrophil inflammation was found to be an important factor affecting surgical outcomes, with tissue neutrophilia being the most important variable in determining recurrence. The study suggests that increased neutrophilic inflammation is associated with poor surgical outcomes in patients with difficult-to-treat CRSwNP.
Review
Immunology
Shudi Guo, Ming Tian, Yunping Fan, Xiangyang Zhang
Summary: Chronic rhinosinusitis with nasal polyps (CRSwNP) is a complex and heterogeneous disease diagnosed through endoscopy and computed tomography, and treated with glucocorticoid or surgery. Proteomics and metabolomics have shown potential in elucidating the mechanisms underlying CRSwNP using mass spectrometry as a powerful tool. Recent advances in non-invasive samples, exosomes, and metabolomics research have paved the way for further understanding of CRSwNP.
FRONTIERS IN IMMUNOLOGY
(2023)
Review
Otorhinolaryngology
Elena Russo, Remo Accorona, Andrea Costantino, Fabio Ferreli, Luca Malvezzi, Raul Pellini, Giovanni Colombo, Chen-Chi Wang, Giuseppe Spriano, Giuseppe Mercante, Armando De Virgilio
Summary: This study conducted a systematic review on the surgical approaches for the treatment of retropharyngeal lymph node metastases. The results showed high success rates and various complications by different approaches, and more randomized controlled trials are needed for further comparison.
AURIS NASUS LARYNX
(2023)
Article
Otorhinolaryngology
Corso Bocciolini, Emanuele Nappi, Gianmarco Giunta, Giovanni Paoletti, Luca Malvezzi, Giulia Monti, Alberto Macchi, Luca Amorosa, Enrico Heffler
Summary: This study suggests that collecting nasal cytology samples from the middle meatus can increase the diagnostic accuracy for phenotyping patients with Non allergic rhinitis (NAR). This finding emphasizes the importance of implementing nasal cytology in clinical practice.
EUROPEAN ARCHIVES OF OTO-RHINO-LARYNGOLOGY
(2023)
Article
Otorhinolaryngology
Francesco Mattioli, Edoardo Serafini, Alfredo Lo Manto, Francesca Mularoni, Andi Abeshi, Marco Lionello, Marco Ferrari, Alberto Paderno, Davide Lancini, Davide Mattavelli, Gennaro Confuorto, Filippo Marchi, Alessandro Ioppi, Claudio Sampieri, Giuseppe Mercante, Armando De Virgilio, Gerardo Petruzzi, Erika Crosetti, Raul Pellini, Spriano Giuseppe, Peretti Giorgio, Cesare Piazza, Gabriele Molteni, Andy Bertolin, Succo Giovanni, Piero Nicolai, Matteo Alicandri-Ciufelli, Daniele Marchioni, Livio Presutti, Matteo Fermi
Summary: This study retrospectively evaluated the oncological outcomes of patients with pT4aN0 glottic SCC treated with different approaches. The results showed that postoperative radiotherapy (PORT) improved overall survival and local control, while bilateral neck dissection had a positive impact on regional control.
HEAD AND NECK-JOURNAL FOR THE SCIENCES AND SPECIALTIES OF THE HEAD AND NECK
(2023)
Review
Allergy
Giulio Melone, Veronica Giorgis, Marina Di Pino, Corrado Pelaia, Emanuele Nappi, Enrico Heffler, Massimo Landi, Matteo Gelardi, Giovanni Paoletti
Summary: Local allergic rhinitis (LAR) is a debated and complex entity that has not received global attention and requires a multicentric approach. The current diagnostic methods have limitations, and further research is needed to understand the disease better.
INTERNATIONAL ARCHIVES OF ALLERGY AND IMMUNOLOGY
(2023)
Article
Medicine, Research & Experimental
Francesca Pirola, Gian Marco Pace, Francesco Giombi, Enrico Heffler, Giovanni Paoletti, Emanuele Nappi, William Sanita, Gaia Giulietti, Gianmarco Giunta, Fabio Ferreli, Giuseppe Mercante, Giuseppe Spriano, Giorgio Walter Canonica, Luca Malvezzi
Summary: The study aimed to investigate the effects of partial reboot surgery on recurrence rates, recurrence-free survival, quality of life, and oral corticosteroid intake in patients with recalcitrant CRSwNP. The results showed that the reboot approach significantly reduced recurrence rates, extended recurrence-free survival, improved quality of life, and decreased oral corticosteroid intake. This study is of great importance for the treatment of CRSwNP.
Review
Surgery
Andrea Costantino, Bianca Maria Festa, Se-Heon Kim, Fred M. Baik, Chen-Chi Wang, Francesca Pirola, Luca Malvezzi, Giuseppe Spriano, Giuseppe Mercante, Armando De Virgilio
Summary: Different surgical interventions, including pectoralis major myo-cutaneous flap, anterolateral thigh flap, and radial forearm free flap, were compared for reconstruction after total laryngectomy with partial pharyngectomy. The radial forearm free flap showed the lowest incidence of pharyngocutaneous fistula, stenosis, and feeding tube dependence.
Article
Immunology
Emanuele Nappi, Francesca Racca, Alessandra Piona, Maria Rita Messina, Sebastian Ferri, Donatella Lamacchia, Giuseppe Cataldo, Giovanni Costanzo, Lorenzo Del Moro, Francesca Puggioni, Giorgio Walter Canonica, Enrico Heffler, Giovanni Paoletti
Summary: Concerns have been raised about hypersensitivity reactions in patients with allergic reactions to drugs containing polyethylene glycol (PEG) or polysorbate 80 (PS80), excipients of currently available anti-SARS-CoV-2 mRNA vaccines. The utility of PEG and PS80 skin allergy testing is still debated. In a retrospective analysis, a significant proportion of patients tested positive for PEG and/or PS80, indicating the importance of testing for allergy to these excipients.
Article
Immunology
Giovanni Paoletti, Jack Pepys, Maria Chiara Bragato, Sandro Paoletti, Alessandra Piona, Maria Rita Messina, Francesca Racca, Sebastian Ferri, Emanuele Nappi, Giovanni Costanzo, Lorenzo Del Moro, Francesca Puggioni, Giorgio Walter Canonica, Elena Azzolini, Enrico Heffler
Summary: This study described the adverse reactions after BNT162b2 vaccination through a questionnaire survey. Among the 3112 participants, 1.8% developed symptoms of allergic reactions and 0.9% had clinical manifestations of possible anaphylaxis. Only 10.3% of those who had allergic reactions after the first dose experienced similar reactions after the second dose, and none of them had anaphylaxis. In conclusion, the anti-SARS-CoV-2 vaccination rarely causes severe allergic reactions, and the second dose of vaccine is safe for this group of patients.
Article
Health Care Sciences & Services
Giuseppe Mangiameli, Gianluca Perroni, Andrea Costantino, Armando De Virgilio, Luca Malvezzi, Giuseppe Mercante, Veronica Maria Giudici, Giorgio Maria Ferraroli, Emanuele Voulaz, Caterina Giannitto, Fabio Acocella, Ilaria Onorati, Emmanuel Martinod, Umberto Cariboni
Summary: This study retrospectively retrieved electronic medical records of patients with tracheal stenosis managed at two referral centers between March 2020 and May 2022, and compared demographics, radiological characteristics, and surgical outcomes between COVID-19 and non-COVID patients. The results showed that obesity, longer intubation time, tracheostomy, re-tracheostomy, and longer decannulation time occurred more frequently in COVID-related tracheal stenosis. These events may explain the higher number of tracheal rings involved in COVID-19 patients.
JOURNAL OF PERSONALIZED MEDICINE
(2023)
Article
Health Care Sciences & Services
Francesca Pirola, Gianmarco Giunta, Giovanna Muci, Francesco Giombi, Emanuele Nappi, Fabio Grizzi, Enrico Heffler, Giovanni Paoletti, Giorgio Walter Canonica, Giuseppe Mercante, Giuseppe Spriano, Jan Walter Schroeder, Luca Malvezzi
Summary: This study aims to describe reboot surgery as a potential adjuvant strategy for EGPA patients treated with Mepolizumab. The results showed that 12 months after surgery, nasal symptoms were significantly improved, with an absence of nasal polyps on endoscopy and a reduction in eosinophils on histology. These findings support the possible adjuvant role of reboot surgery in this particular subset of patients.
JOURNAL OF PERSONALIZED MEDICINE
(2023)
Editorial Material
Allergy
Mattia Giovannini, Burcin Beken, Ioana Agache, Cezmi A. Akdis, Daniela Carvalho, Tomas Chivato, Pasquale Comberiati, Leticia De las Vecillas, Ibon Eguiluz-Gracia, Enrico Heffler, Marek Jutel, Deniz Eyice Karabacak, Pavel Kolkhir, Beatriz Moya, Markus Ollert, Serena O'Neil, Alexandra F. Santos, Jurgen Schwarze, Chrysanthi Skevaki, Milena Sokolowska, Olympia Tsilochristou, Roy Gerth van Wijk, Stefano del Giacco, Carmen Riggioni
Review
Allergy
Giorgio W. Canonica, Lorenzo Del Moro, Giovanni Costanzo, Emanuele Nappi, Giovanni Paoletti
Summary: Explanatory randomized controlled clinical trials assess the efficacy of interventions under optimal circumstances, while real-world studies address the challenges in real-world clinical practices. This article discusses the importance of including typically excluded patients from randomized controlled clinical trials in real-world evidence and advocates for the integration of real-world evidence in guidelines.
ASIA PACIFIC ALLERGY
(2023)
Letter
Allergy
Michal Ordak, Giorgio Walter Canonica, Giovanni Paoletti, Liusa Brussino, Daniela Carvalho, Danilo Di Bona
