Article
Clinical Neurology
Kristine Dilba, Dianne H. K. Van Dam-Nolen, Genevieve A. J. C. Crombag, Anja G. van der Kolk, Peter J. Koudstaal, Paul J. Nederkoorn, Jeroen Hendrikse, Marianne Eline Kooi, Antonius F. W. van der Steen, Jolanda J. Wentzel, Aad van der Lugt, Daniel Bos
Summary: This study investigated the prevalence and risk factors of dolichoarteriopathies in patients with cerebrovascular symptoms, finding that age, obesity, and hypercholesterolemia may play important roles in the pathophysiology of these abnormalities. Dolichoarteriopathies of the extracranial part of the internal carotid artery were common among these patients, with tortuosity being the most common type.
EUROPEAN JOURNAL OF NEUROLOGY
(2021)
Article
Clinical Neurology
Laura K. Reed, Anthony Nguyen, Jose M. Soto, T. Matthew Robinson, Jason H. Huang, Awais Z. Vance
Summary: The study aimed to identify significant risk factors for major complications following contemporary CAS. Multivariable logistic regression found age, race, and hyponatremia significantly associated with stroke, while hyponatremia was associated with MI. Age, anemia, hypoalbuminemia, international normalized ratio, and emergency case were associated with death. These results suggest that preoperative risk stratification of CAS patients may not be straightforward, with each adverse event having its own risk factors.
WORLD NEUROSURGERY
(2022)
Review
Neuroimaging
Hyun Woo Kim, Robert W. Regenhardt, Salvatore A. D'Amato, Michael Nahhas, Adam A. Dmytriw, Joshua A. Hirsch, Scott B. Silverman, Juan Carlos Martinez-Gutierrez
Summary: Carotid artery stenosis is a leading cause of ischemic stroke, and the optimal management approach for asymptomatic carotid artery stenosis remains controversial. This review aims to summarize the controversies in aCAS management by providing the most up-to-date medical and surgical evidence, and compile the evidence for high-risk clinical and imaging features that may identify higher-risk lesions, in order to provide a practical framework for precision medicine in aCAS management.
JOURNAL OF NEUROINTERVENTIONAL SURGERY
(2023)
Article
Cardiac & Cardiovascular Systems
Hakon Ihle-Hansen, Thea Vigen, Trygve Berge, Marte M. Walle-Hansen, Guri Hagberg, Hege Ihle-Hansen, Bente Thommessen, Inger Ariansen, Helge Rosjo, Ole Morten Ronning, Arnljot Tveit, Magnus Lyngbakken
Summary: The carotid plaque score is a strong predictor for ischemic stroke and major adverse cardiovascular events, providing additional prognostic information to the SCORE2 risk prediction algorithm. A cutoff score of >3 seems to be suitable for identifying high-risk subjects.
JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN HEART ASSOCIATION
(2023)
Article
Computer Science, Information Systems
Pankaj Kumar Jain, Kalyan V. Tadepalli, Sudipta Roy, Neeraj Sharma
Summary: This comprehensive review discusses the etiology of atherosclerosis, the importance of imaging biomarkers in detecting and stratifying risks, and the use of deep learning techniques for measuring and assessing these biomarkers. The review also addresses the biases in current deep learning systems and suggests methods to improve their generalizability and robustness. The future application of bias-free deep learning approaches in automated measurement of arterial ultrasound imaging biomarkers can enable large-scale screening, early identification of individuals at risk of cardiovascular events, and intervention to prevent disease progression.
MULTIMEDIA TOOLS AND APPLICATIONS
(2023)
Article
Radiology, Nuclear Medicine & Medical Imaging
Simon A. Castro, Daniele Muser, Hwan Lee, Emily C. Hancin, Austin J. Borja, Oswaldo Acosta, Thomas J. Werner, Anders Thomassen, Caius Constantinescu, Poul Flemming Hoilund-Carlsen, Abass Alavi
Summary: The study investigated the relationship between arterial mineralization in the left common carotid artery assessed by [F-18]fluoride PET/CT and cardiovascular/thromboembolic risk. Results showed that arterial [F-18]fluoride uptake was significantly increased in patients with unfavorable cardiovascular and thromboembolic risk profiles. Age, body mass index, arterial hypertension, and level of physical activity were identified as independent associations of arterial [F-18]fluoride uptake.
EUROPEAN RADIOLOGY
(2021)
Article
Hematology
Zheng Wang, Brandilyn A. Peters, Mykhaylo Usyk, Jiaqian Xing, David B. Hanna, Tao Wang, Wendy S. Post, Alan L. Landay, Howard N. Hodis, Kathleen Weber, Audrey French, Elizabeth T. Golub, Jason Lazar, Deborah Gustafson, Seble Kassaye, Bradley Aouizerat, Sabina Haberlen, Carlos Malvestutto, Matthew Budoff, Steven M. Wolinsky, Anjali Sharma, Kathryn Anastos, Clary B. Clish, Robert C. Kaplan, Robert D. Burk, Qibin Qi
Summary: This study found an association between alterations in gut microbiota and disrupted blood metabolomic profiles in individuals with or at high risk of HIV infection, particularly in relation to carotid artery plaque.
ARTERIOSCLEROSIS THROMBOSIS AND VASCULAR BIOLOGY
(2022)
Article
Geriatrics & Gerontology
Yan Li, Dong Zhao, Miao Wang, Jia-yi Sun, Jun Liu, Yue Qi, Yong-chen Hao, Qiu-ju Deng, Jue Liu, Jing Liu, Min Liu
Summary: This study evaluated the relationship between menopause and the risk of subclinical carotid atherosclerosis, finding that menopausal women have a higher risk of developing carotid plaque.
Article
Hematology
Duanlu Hou, Xiaoli Yang, Yuanyuan Wang, Shengwen Huang, Yuping Tang, Danhong Wu
Summary: This study investigated the association between arterial calcification prevalence and progression of branch atheromatous disease (BAD) in patients with intracranial artery atherosclerosis. The results showed that carotid siphon calcification was associated with BAD and could independently predict symptomatic progression. Furthermore, a strong linear correlation was found between oxidized lipid and calcification density in patients with BAD.
ARTERIOSCLEROSIS THROMBOSIS AND VASCULAR BIOLOGY
(2022)
Article
Clinical Neurology
Federico Mazzacane, Beatrice Del Bello, Federica Ferrari, Alessandra Persico, Elisa Rognone, Anna Pichiecchio, Alessandro Padovani, Anna Cavallini, Andrea Morotti, Francesco Arba
Summary: This study found an association between ICAC patterns and etiological subtypes of ischemic stroke, with the intimal ICAC pattern being associated with lacunar stroke etiology.
EUROPEAN JOURNAL OF NEUROLOGY
(2023)
Article
Multidisciplinary Sciences
Christopher Lambeth, Rita Perri, Sharon Lee, Manisha Verma, Nicole Campbell-Rogers, George Larcos, Karen Byth, Kristina Kairaitis, Terence Amis, John Wheatley
Summary: This study found that SDB severity has little impact on CCA IMT values when non-SDB vascular risk factors are minimized or not present, but suggests a potential linkage between SDB severity and CFA IMT values for the first time.
Article
Cardiac & Cardiovascular Systems
Anna Kopczak, Andreas Schindler, Dominik Sepp, Anna Bayer-Karpinska, Rainer Malik, Mia L. Koch, Julia Zeller, Christoph Strecker, Daniel Janowitz, Frank A. Wollenweber, Johann-Martin Hempel, Tobias Boeckh-Behrens, Clemens C. Cyran, Andreas Helck, Andreas Harloff, Ulf Ziemann, Sven Poli, Holger Poppert, Tobias Saam, Martin Dichgans
Summary: Complicated nonstenosing carotid artery plaques (CAPs) are an underestimated cause of stroke. This study aimed to determine the association between complicated CAP ipsilateral to acute ischemic anterior circulation stroke (icCAP) and recurrent ischemic stroke or transient ischemic attack (TIA). The study found that patients with icCAP had a higher frequency of recurrent events, and a ruptured fibrous cap and intraplaque hemorrhage were significantly associated with an increased risk of recurrence.
JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN COLLEGE OF CARDIOLOGY
(2022)
Article
Cardiac & Cardiovascular Systems
Simone Leonetti, Domenico Trico, Lorenzo Nesti, Simona Baldi, Michaela Kozakova, Isabel Goncalves, Jan Nilsson, Angela Shore, Faisel Khan, Andrea Natali
Summary: In this study, CD40R was found to be one of the biomarkers most closely related to the extension of atherosclerosis. CD40R was the strongest predictor of carotid atherosclerosis burden in a high cardiovascular risk cohort.
Article
Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology
Xiangdong Zhang, Dan Wu, Hongye Li, Yonghan Fang, Huahua Xiong, Ye Li
Summary: This study quantitatively investigated the effects of IICAS on ICA flow velocity waveforms and proposed a new index called FHR for diagnosing IICAS. Simulation and statistical analyses revealed that FHR has superior diagnostic performance for IICAS compared to other classical hemodynamic indices.
BIOENGINEERING-BASEL
(2022)
Article
Medicine, General & Internal
Sadiya S. Khan, Wendy S. Post, Xiuqing Guo, Jingyi Tan, Fang Zhu, Daniel Bos, Bahar Sedaghati-Khayat, Jeroen van Rooij, Aaron Aday, Norrina B. Allen, Maxime M. Bos, Andre G. Uitterlinden, Matthew J. Budoff, Donald M. Lloyd-Jones, Jonathan D. Mosley, Jerome I. Rotter, Philip Greenland, Maryam Kavousi
Summary: Coronary artery calcium score and polygenic risk score were evaluated for their ability to predict risk of coronary heart disease (CHD) in two population-based studies. The results showed that coronary artery calcium score had better discrimination and improved risk prediction when added to traditional risk factors compared to the polygenic risk score.
JAMA-JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN MEDICAL ASSOCIATION
(2023)
Article
Dermatology
Vijay Viswanathan, Sukanya Nachimuthu
Summary: People with diabetes have a higher risk of lower-limb amputations. The risk of avoidable lower-limb amputations has increased during the COVID-19 lockdown. Factors such as missed hospital visits, improper diet, nonadherence to medications, and physical inactivity may contribute to this increase.
INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF LOWER EXTREMITY WOUNDS
(2023)
Correction
Endocrinology & Metabolism
Arutselvi Devarajan, Satyavani Kumpatla, Vijay Viswanathan
INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF DIABETES IN DEVELOPING COUNTRIES
(2023)
Article
Endocrinology & Metabolism
Arutselvi Devarajan, Satyavani Kumpatla, Vijay Viswanathan
Summary: This study aimed to explore the profile, regular hospital visits, glucose monitoring, and treatment outcomes among people with type 1 diabetes in India. The results showed that individuals who made regular hospital visits and practiced self-monitoring of blood glucose had fewer complications.
INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF DIABETES IN DEVELOPING COUNTRIES
(2023)
Article
Endocrinology & Metabolism
Anu Maria Jacob, Arutselvi Devarajan, Sukanya Nachimuthu, Manjula Datta, Vijay Viswanathan
Summary: The study aimed to estimate the direct and indirect cost of treating diabetes among people living in low resource urban setting. It found that individuals living with diabetes in this setting spent more on direct medical cost, with out of pocket expenditure mainly on hospitalization, followed by medicines and investigations. Strengthening and provision of appropriate primary public health care services for diabetes may reduce out of pocket expenditure in private health care facilities.
INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF DIABETES IN DEVELOPING COUNTRIES
(2023)
Article
Medicine, General & Internal
Eleni Athanasiadi, Maria Bonou, Dimitrios Basoulis, Chris J. Kapelios, Constantina Masoura, Marina Skouloudi, Sophie Mavrogeni, Constantina Aggeli, Mina Psichogiou, John Barbetseas
Summary: Subclinical left ventricular systolic dysfunction (LVSD) and carotid atherosclerosis are more common in people living with HIV, suggesting a possible link between HIV infection and these pathological processes. Carotid atherosclerosis and increased adiposity are independently associated with impaired left ventricular global longitudinal strain (GLS) in HIV-infected individuals.
JOURNAL OF CLINICAL MEDICINE
(2022)
Review
Medicine, General & Internal
Jasjit S. Suri, Mrinalini Bhagawati, Sudip Paul, Athanasios D. Protogerou, Petros P. Sfikakis, George D. Kitas, Narendra N. Khanna, Zoltan Ruzsa, Aditya M. Sharma, Sanjay Saxena, Gavino Faa, John R. Laird, Amer M. Johri, Manudeep K. Kalra, Kosmas Paraskevas, Luca Saba
Summary: This study reviews three recent methods for cardiovascular disease (CVD) risk assessment, including multiclass, multi-label, and ensemble-based methods. The findings indicate that AI-based methods show great promise in CVD risk assessment, and mobile and cloud-based technologies are likely to be the future direction.
Article
Medicine, General & Internal
Jasjit S. Suri, Sushant Agarwal, Gian Luca Chabert, Alessandro Carriero, Alessio Pasche, Pietro S. C. Danna, Luca Saba, Armin Mehmedovic, Gavino Faa, Inder M. Singh, Monika Turk, Paramjit S. Chadha, Amer M. Johri, Narendra N. Khanna, Sophie Mavrogeni, John R. Laird, Gyan Pareek, Martin Miner, David W. Sobel, Antonella Balestrieri, Petros P. Sfikakis, George Tsoulfas, Athanasios D. Protogerou, Durga Prasanna Misra, Vikas Agarwal, George D. Kitas, Jagjit S. Teji, Mustafa Al-Maini, Surinder K. Dhanjil, Andrew Nicolaides, Aditya Sharma, Vijay Rathore, Mostafa Fatemi, Azra Alizad, Pudukode R. Krishnan, Ferenc Nagy, Zoltan Ruzsa, Mostafa M. Fouda, Subbaram Naidu, Klaudija Viskovic, Manudeep K. Kalra
Summary: The study utilized deep learning models to locate and segment COVID-19 lesions in CT scans effectively. The top AI model, ResNet-UNet, outperformed the traditional method MedSeg, showing higher accuracy and stability.
Article
Microbiology
Vivekanandhan Aravindhan, Anup Bobhate, Kuppan Sathishkumar, Aruna Patil, Satyavani Kumpatla, Vijay Viswanathan
Summary: This study investigated the prevalence of latent tuberculosis infection (LTBI) among diabetes patients and the relationship with immunoendocrine biomarkers.
FRONTIERS IN MICROBIOLOGY
(2022)
Article
Endocrinology & Metabolism
Ali A. Rizvi, Amita Kathuria, Wael Al Mahmeed, Khalid Al-Rasadi, Kamila Al-Alawi, Maciej Banach, Yajnavalka Banerjee, Antonio Ceriello, Mustafa Cesur, Francesco Cosentino, Massimo Galia, Su-Yen Goh, Andrej Janez, Sanjay Kalra, Peter Kempler, Nader Lessan, Paulo Lotufo, Nikolaos Papanas, Raul D. Santos, Anca P. Stoian, Peter P. Toth, Vijay Viswanathan, Manfredi Rizzo
Summary: The COVID-19 pandemic has been impacting the world for three years. The SARS CoV 2 virus spreads rapidly and has a high morbidity and mortality in individuals with risk factors. After the acute phase, patients may experience long-term symptoms known as Long COVID or Post-COVID Syndrome, which may be caused by chronic inflammation and immunologic state. The prediction, course, and management of COVID-related hyperglycemia and diabetes still need further elucidation.
JOURNAL OF DIABETES AND ITS COMPLICATIONS
(2022)
Article
Endocrinology & Metabolism
Hardy Kornfeld, Elizabeth Procter-Gray, Satyavani Kumpatla, Kevin Kane, Wenjun Li, Matthew J. Magee, Subash Babu, Vijay Viswanathan
Summary: This study aimed to investigate the impact of pulmonary TB on glycemic status, as well as the associations of glycemic trends with antidiabetic therapy and TB outcomes. Data from two prospective cohort studies in Chennai, India were analyzed and it was found that baseline A1C levels decreased after TB treatment initiation in all groups. However, in patients with baseline diabetes, rising A1C levels during and after treatment were significantly associated with adverse TB outcomes.
DIABETES RESEARCH AND CLINICAL PRACTICE
(2023)
Review
Computer Science, Information Systems
Jasjit S. Suri, Mrinalini Bhagawati, Sushant Agarwal, Sudip Paul, Amit Pandey, Suneet K. Gupta, Luca Saba, Kosmas I. Paraskevas, Narendra N. Khanna, John R. Laird, Amer M. Johri, Manudeep K. Kalra, Mostafa M. Fouda, Mostafa Fatemi, Subbaram Naidu
Summary: The task of biomedical image segmentation (BIS) is challenging due to various factors. Conventional methods lack accuracy and automation. UNet, based on artificial intelligence (AI), has become dominant in BIS. This review provides a comprehensive analysis of UNet types, components, vascular vs. non-vascular framework, segmentation challenges, and the interaction between AI, explainable AI (XAI), and bias. 267 UNet-based studies were selected and categorized into five classes. Various variations of UNet and bias methods were examined. The need for clinical evaluation and practical applications is emphasized.
Review
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Giuseppe Mainas, Luigi Nibali, Mark Ide, Wael Al Mahmeed, Khalid Al-Rasadi, Kamila Al-Alawi, Maciej Banach, Yajnavalka Banerjee, Antonio Ceriello, Mustafa Cesur, Francesco Cosentino, Alberto Firenze, Massimo Galia, Su-Yen Goh, Andrej Janez, Sanjay Kalra, Nitin Kapoor, Peter Kempler, Nader Lessan, Paulo Lotufo, Nikolaos Papanas, Ali A. Rizvi, Amirhossein Sahebkar, Raul D. Santos, Anca P. Stoian, Peter P. Toth, Vijay Viswanathan, Manfredi Rizzo
Summary: Periodontitis is a disease that leads to the loss of periodontal attachment and bone resorption. COVID-19 is a contagious disease caused by SARS-CoV-2. Investigations have shown a possible relationship between periodontitis and COVID-19, as both conditions can lead to cardiometabolic impairments. This review aims to summarize the existing evidence regarding the link between periodontitis and COVID-19 and their associated complications.
Review
Health Care Sciences & Services
Sophie I. I. Mavrogeni, George Markousis-Mavrogenis, Flora Bacopoulou, George P. P. Chrousos
Summary: Diabetes mellitus is a growing epidemic associated with an increase in obesity, causing cardiovascular disease and reducing life expectancy. While strict glycemic control is proven effective for type 1 diabetes, its role in type 2 diabetes remains unclear. Therefore, multifactorial risk reduction is the most efficient prevention strategy.
JOURNAL OF PERSONALIZED MEDICINE
(2023)
Review
Biology
Anastasia-Vasiliki Madenidou, Sophie Mavrogeni, Elena Nikiphorou
Summary: Cardiovascular morbidity and mortality are higher in inflammatory arthritis (IA) compared to the general population. The European League Against Rheumatism (EULAR) published guidelines in 2016 on cardiovascular disease (CVD) risk management in IA and plans to update them based on emerging evidence. Evidence shows that both traditional CVD factors and inflammation contribute to the higher CVD burden in IA. Prompt screening and management of CVD and related risk factors are necessary, and non-invasive cardiovascular imaging plays an important role in accurately detecting cardiovascular lesions in IA patients.
Review
Cardiac & Cardiovascular Systems
Narendra N. Khanna, Mahesh Maindarkar, Anudeep Puvvula, Sudip Paul, Mrinalini Bhagawati, Puneet Ahluwalia, Zoltan Ruzsa, Aditya Sharma, Smiksha Munjral, Raghu Kolluri, Padukone R. Krishnan, Inder M. Singh, John R. Laird, Mostafa Fatemi, Azra Alizad, Surinder K. Dhanjil, Luca Saba, Antonella Balestrieri, Gavino Faa, Kosmas I. Paraskevas, Durga Prasanna Misra, Vikas Agarwal, Aman Sharma, Jagjit Teji, Mustafa Al-Maini, Andrew Nicolaides, Vijay Rathore, Subbaram Naidu, Kiera Liblik, Amer M. Johri, Monika Turk, David W. Sobel, Gyan Pareek, Martin Miner, Klaudija Viskovic, George Tsoulfas, Athanasios D. Protogerou, Sophie Mavrogeni, George D. Kitas, Mostafa M. Fouda, Manudeep K. Kalra, Jasjit S. Suri
Summary: This study explores the deep-driven vascular damage caused by SARS-CoV-2, specifically in the pulmonary, renal, coronary, and carotid vessels. Using artificial intelligence technology for tissue characterization through medical imaging, important insights regarding the pathophysiology of vascular damage are revealed, along with recommendations for improving vascular research architecture.
JOURNAL OF CARDIOVASCULAR DEVELOPMENT AND DISEASE
(2022)