Article
Materials Science, Characterization & Testing
Jung-Ting Tsai, Joshua S. Dustin, Jan-Anders Mansson
Summary: The study compared the strain measurement capabilities of a Distributed Fiber Optical Sensor (DOS) with traditional Strain Gages (SG) and Digital Image Correlation (DIC) on a multi-directional continuous fiber composite laminate coupon. Results showed that the DOS accurately measured strains in concentrated areas and in the presence of a strain gradient, with good agreement between measured and theoretical results. The findings suggest that DOS is a robust strain acquisition option that overcomes some limitations associated with traditional foil SG and DIC methods.
Article
Chemistry, Analytical
Gaofeng Sha, Cliff J. Lissenden
Summary: Ultrasonic guided waves can be used for structural health monitoring of plate-like structures by interacting with SH waves and Lamb waves. Magnetostrictive transducers show potential for generating and receiving these waves, with simulations helping to optimize their characteristics for various applications. Increasing the number of turns in the meander coil can enhance sensitivity and reduce frequency bandwidth for the MST as a receiver.
Article
Chemistry, Multidisciplinary
Sandra Pozzer, Francisco Dalla Rosa, Zacarias Martin Chamberlain Pravia, Ehsan Rezazadeh Azar, Xavier Maldague
Summary: This study used numerical simulations to determine the favorable periods for IRT inspections, particularly for concrete structural health monitoring. The results showed that spring and summer are the most suitable periods for IRT inspections.
APPLIED SCIENCES-BASEL
(2021)
Article
Materials Science, Multidisciplinary
Stanislav Zak, Alice Lassnig, Megan J. Cordill, Reinhard Pippan
Summary: In recent years, research on adhesion properties of thin films on brittle substrates has increased, with the continued use of the Hutchinson-Suo method for measuring adhesion. Modern material combinations may lead to plastic deformations rather than elastic behavior. This study uses finite element analysis to investigate the influence of plastic deformation on experimental procedures.
JOURNAL OF THE MECHANICS AND PHYSICS OF SOLIDS
(2021)
Article
Materials Science, Composites
Qing-Qing Ni, Jun Hong, Ping Xu, Zhenzhen Xu, Kirill Khvostunkov, Hong Xia
Summary: This study proposed a new nondestructive testing method EMW-NDT using electromagnetic wave technique, showing good detection sensitivity to damages such as delamination size and thickness in CFRP composites. With huge potential, this contactless method could be widely used in the field of damage detection for CFRP composites.
COMPOSITES SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY
(2021)
Article
Polymer Science
Zhen Pei Chow, Zaini Ahmad, King Jye Wong, Seyed Saeid Rahimian Koloor, Michal Petru
Summary: This paper proposes a temperature-dependent cohesive model for predicting the delamination of dissimilar metal-composite material hybrids under Mode-I and Mode-II. The model was validated by comparing simulation and experimental results at 30, 70, and 110 degrees C. The Mode-I and Mode-II FE models showed good correlation with experimental tests, with discrepancies of 5.73% and 7.26% respectively.
Review
Chemistry, Analytical
Sahar Hassani, Ulrike Dackermann
Summary: This paper provides a review of recent advances in sensor technologies for non-destructive testing (NDT) and structural health monitoring (SHM) of civil structures. Conventional and advanced sensor technologies are evaluated for their suitability in providing input parameters for NDT and SHM systems and in determining the health state of structures. The paper emphasizes the evaluation of selected technologies and associated data analytics, highlighting their limitations, advantages, and disadvantages. The presented sensing techniques include fiber optics, laser vibrometry, acoustic emission, ultrasonics, thermography, drones, microelectromechanical systems (MEMS), magnetostrictive sensors, and next-generation technologies.
Article
Engineering, Multidisciplinary
L. Carreras, B. L. V. Bak, S. M. Jensen, C. Lequesne, H. Xiong, E. Lindgaard
Summary: Adopting effective numerical tools can reduce design, certification, and maintenance costs by predicting damage effects on structures accurately. However, the validation of tools for assessing progressive delamination under high-cycle fatigue is insufficient, as they are rarely tested on realistic benchmark specimens. This study presents a benchmark test on a real wind energy industry specimen, demonstrating varying crack growth rates and front shape, which are more representative of in-service structures. The test is also simulated using a commercially available tool based on a cohesive zone model approach, which can replicate the experimental results regarding crack front evolution and location.
COMPOSITES PART B-ENGINEERING
(2023)
Review
Chemistry, Multidisciplinary
Patryk Kot, Magomed Muradov, Michaela Gkantou, George S. Kamaris, Khalid Hashim, David Yeboah
Summary: The study primarily focuses on the scope and recent advancements of Non-destructive Testing (NDT) application for SHM of concrete, masonry, timber, and steel structures. Researchers are addressing challenges such as data interpretation, analysis, and automation by applying artificial intelligence and machine learning algorithms. Additionally, combining multiple techniques is being explored to enhance accuracy and obtain additional parameters for measurement processes.
APPLIED SCIENCES-BASEL
(2021)
Article
Mechanics
Amin Ekhtiyari, Mahmood M. Shokrieh
Summary: The study evaluates the influence of local separation rate on stress distribution near the crack tip and practical traction-separation laws for double-cantilever beam specimens under different loading rates. The bridging laws indicate that maximum bridging traction decreases with increasing separation rate. The proposed model, implemented in ABAQUS, demonstrates good agreement between finite element and experimental results, verifying its reliability and accuracy in accounting for rate effects in presence of large-scale fiber bridging.
COMPOSITE STRUCTURES
(2022)
Article
Acoustics
Wenxiang Ding, Maxime Bavencoffe, Marc Lethiecq
Summary: The study focuses on monitoring the performance of a single-element probe using electromechanical admittance (EMA)-based method to detect and repair defects affecting the performance in a timely manner.
IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON ULTRASONICS FERROELECTRICS AND FREQUENCY CONTROL
(2021)
Article
Engineering, Chemical
Ibrahim Abdelfattah, Francisca Ferreira, Mohamed Nasr Saleh, Paulo N. B. Reis, Sofia Teixeira De Freitas
Summary: This study investigates the influence of different sizes of carbon-fiber-reinforced polymer (CFRP) patches on the flexural properties of specimens through experimental and numerical analysis. The results show a significant improvement in the flexural modulus and ultimate load for the repaired laminates with increasing patch size.
JOURNAL OF ADHESION
(2023)
Article
Engineering, Multidisciplinary
Qi Shuang, Xiang WenXin, Cai LiXun, Liu XiaoKun, Shao ChunBing, Ning FangMao, Shi JinHua, Yu WeiWei
Summary: The study introduces a new theoretical method and testing approach for describing mixed-mode I-II crack-based fatigue crack propagation, and develops a novel compliance-based testing method for FCPI-II.
SCIENCE CHINA-TECHNOLOGICAL SCIENCES
(2021)
Article
Materials Science, Characterization & Testing
Xiaonan Lai, Ziyun Kan, Wei Sun, Xueguan Song, Baomin Tian, Tengfei Yuan
Summary: Bridges are crucial for transportation and monitoring their structural health is important for maintenance. A digital twin-based NDT method is proposed to reduce costs and extend lifespan. This method combines 3D modeling, sensors, FE method, and surrogate models, allowing monitoring of the entire bridge's performance. It integrates the advantages of FE models and surrogate models. Feasibility and effectiveness are demonstrated through a suspension bridge.
NONDESTRUCTIVE TESTING AND EVALUATION
(2023)
Article
Engineering, Manufacturing
Xiao Chen, Sergei Semenov, Malcolm McGugan, Steen Hjelm Madsen, Sueleyman Cem Yeniceli, Peter Berring, Kim Branner
Summary: This study presents a comprehensive experimental investigation into fatigue damage growth in composite wind turbine blades, demonstrating the effectiveness of various techniques including Infrared Thermography, Digital Image Correlation, and Acoustic Emission in detecting and monitoring damages. New experimental observations highlight the necessity and complexity of reliable modeling of nonlinear structural behavior on a large scale for predicting local fatigue crack growth.
COMPOSITES PART A-APPLIED SCIENCE AND MANUFACTURING
(2021)
Article
Engineering, Multidisciplinary
Sooyoung Lee, Eonyeon Jo, Wooseok Ji
COMPOSITES PART B-ENGINEERING
(2020)
Article
Mechanics
Sooyoung Lee, Chaeyoung Hong, Taeseong Choi, Hye-gyu Kim, Seong-Woo Im, Soo-Chang Kang, Young-Bin Park, Wooseok Ji
Summary: This study demonstrates the mechanical performance of a wet-compression-molding composite product through conventional compressive-strength-after-impact (CSAI) analysis. Impact resistance and damage tolerance of the composite structure at various energy levels are examined. The experimental results show the potential of the wet-compression-molding process as an alternative to the conventional autoclave-based fabrication method.
COMPOSITE STRUCTURES
(2021)
Article
Chemistry, Physical
Hye-gyu Kim, Wooseok Ji, Hyang Joo Kwon, Sungtae Yoon, Jung-il Kim, Soobin Bae, Nam Choon Cho
Summary: The developed 3D CVI model successfully simulates the isothermal process for fabricating carbon-carbon composites, considering gas flow behavior and chemical reactions. The model accurately predicts the evolution of preform density and porosity, offering detailed simulations not observable experimentally.
Article
Engineering, Multidisciplinary
Dong-Jun Kwon, Neul-Sae-Rom Kim, Yeong-Jin Jang, Seong-Baek Yang, Jeong-Hyun Yeum, Ji-Hoon Jung, Sang Yong Nam, Young-Bin Park, Wooseok Ji
Summary: Thermoplastic composites are being increasingly used as alternative materials for auto parts due to their recyclability and superior stiffness- and strength-to-weight ratios. This study investigated the optimal stacking sequence and the use of random fiber-reinforced polypropylene to improve the performance of composite laminates, resulting in enhanced flexural and impact strength. Tests showed that the composite fender exhibited no visible damage after five consecutive impact tests, outperforming the steel fender which showed permanent deformation even after one attempt.
COMPOSITES PART B-ENGINEERING
(2021)
Article
Mechanics
Sooyoung Lee, Wooseok Ji
Summary: This study presents a comprehensive procedure for measuring the pure mode I fracture toughness of a sandwich interface and implementing this property into a finite element model. The method combines the double cantilever beam test with a modified sandwich specimen to equalize the asymmetric properties and ensure pure mode I fracture behavior. The effectiveness of the equalizers is validated through finite element analysis. The study also discusses the modeling methodology for considering the two-phase R-curve behavior in a finite element model.
COMPOSITE STRUCTURES
(2022)
Article
Materials Science, Composites
Gu-Hyeok Kang, Chanwoo Joung, Hye-Gyu Kim, Seongwoo Im, Soo-Chang Kang, Wooseok Ji, Young-Bin Park
Summary: This article presents efficient methods for manufacturing, thermoforming, and recycling sandwich composites made of GF/PET composite skins and a PET foam core. The formability of the panels was simulated and tested, and recycling methods were used to separate excess PET from the composite and obtain recycled PET and PET/GF composite. The mechanical and thermal properties of the recycled materials were similar to the original properties. These findings are important for the development of recyclable sandwich composites.
POLYMER COMPOSITES
(2022)
Article
Engineering, Multidisciplinary
Sooyoung Lee, Chaeyoung Hong, Wooseok Ji
Summary: The influence of fiber orientation and its distribution on the mechanical behavior of a short fiber-reinforced thermoplastic composite is studied through in situ tensile tests and synchrotron X-ray tomography. It is found that the global strain fields are relatively uniform, but the internal strain fields are locally non-uniform due to the complex reinforcement architecture. The orientation and volume fraction of fibers are correlated with the strain field. The study reveals that the initially-determined fiber orientation is crucial to the locally anisotropic mechanical behavior of the material even under large deformation.
COMPOSITES PART B-ENGINEERING
(2022)
Article
Materials Science, Composites
Sooyoung Lee, Dongwoo Shin, Gyeongchan Kim, Wooseok Ji
Summary: In this study, a numerical model was developed to simulate the compression molding process of a hybrid composite material with alternating layers of continuous and discontinuous fiber reinforcement. The model successfully integrated the separate modeling of the thermomechanical behavior of the continuous fiber-reinforced layer and the rheological behavior of the discontinuous fiber-reinforced layer. The developed process model was applied to the full-scale simulation of a battery pack structure in an electric vehicle, accurately predicting the thermoforming process and fiber direction changes. The reoriented fibers were found to significantly affect the stress distributions at the final stage of the process. The process model can be implemented in either the Lagrangian or Eulerian framework.
COMPOSITES PART C: OPEN ACCESS
(2022)
Article
Materials Science, Composites
Hye-gyu Kim, Wooseok Ji, Hyang Joo Kwon, Sungtae Yoon, Jung-il Kim
Summary: The study investigated the densification of a carbon/carbon composite during a CVI process using a chemo-mechanical model, and demonstrated that controlling gas flow around the preform can improve the average density and/or density distribution of the preform. A multi-physics numerical model was utilized to couple computational fluid dynamics and major chemical reactions in the reactor, showing that flow behavior around the preform can be controlled by flow-guide structures.
COMPOSITES RESEARCH
(2021)
Article
Materials Science, Multidisciplinary
Hye-gyu Kim, Gyeong-chan Kim, Wooseok Ji, Yong Seok Lee, Sungbok Jang, Cheol Min Shin
Summary: Electric vehicles are emerging as a promising alternative due to strengthened regulation on carbon dioxide emissions worldwide; weight savings are achieved by using lightweight materials; performance evaluation of battery pack structure through virtual random vibration fatigue tests allows for efficient design without physical prototypes.
FUNCTIONAL COMPOSITES AND STRUCTURES
(2021)
Article
Materials Science, Multidisciplinary
Chaeyoung Hong, Jia Kim, Gyeongchan Kim, Wooseok Ji
Summary: The study introduces a thermoplastic composite laminated with continuous and discontinuous fiber-reinforced layers to improve mechanical performance. Impact tests reveal that panels with only continuous fiber-reinforced layers exhibit the strongest impact performance. Additionally, the discontinuous fiber-reinforced layer can effectively delay brittle failure of continuous fiber-reinforced layers in certain scenarios.
FUNCTIONAL COMPOSITES AND STRUCTURES
(2021)
Article
Materials Science, Multidisciplinary
Hye-gyu Kim, Wooseok Ji
Summary: Finite element analysis is used to virtually measure the homogenized thermal conductivity of a thick 3D woven textile composite, considering temperature-dependent properties of constituents. A two-step homogenization approach is adopted, first homogenizing at the tow level and then obtaining the anisotropic thermal conductivity through virtual thermal tests.
FUNCTIONAL COMPOSITES AND STRUCTURES
(2021)
Article
Materials Science, Composites
Soohoon Choi, Wooseok Ji
COMPOSITES RESEARCH
(2020)
Article
Mechanics
Rawan Aqel, Patrick Severson, Rani Elhajjar
Summary: A novel core splice joint configuration for composite sandwich structures is studied and proposed to improve the strength and toughness. Experimental and numerical efforts show that this configuration can significantly increase the ultimate strength by 13% to 51% and the toughness by 2% to 35%.
COMPOSITE STRUCTURES
(2024)
Article
Mechanics
Xianheng Wang, Cong Chen, Jinsong Zhang, Xinming Qiu
Summary: In this paper, a new form-finding method based on spatial elastica model (FMSE) is proposed for elastic gridshells. The method integrates the deformations of elastic rods into the overall deformation of the gridshell, and solves a set of transcendental equations using the quasi-Newton method to ensure the deformation satisfies the given boundary conditions. The method is validated through experiments and expected to have potential applications in the investigations of elastic gridshells.
COMPOSITE STRUCTURES
(2024)
Article
Mechanics
Hao Huang, Zitong Guo, Zhongde Shan, Zheng Sun, Jianhua Liu, Dong Wang, Wang Wang, Jiale Liu, Chenchen Tan
Summary: The conventional evaluation of 3D braided composites' mechanical properties through numerical and experimental methodologies hinders material application due to the expenses, time constraints, and laborious efforts involved. This study establishes a multi-scale finite element model and a surrogate model for predicting the elastic properties of 3D4D rotary braided composites with voids. By optimizing a neural network model, the results are validated and provide valuable insights into the microstructure and properties of these composites.
COMPOSITE STRUCTURES
(2024)
Article
Mechanics
Xinyu Li, Hao Zhang, Haiyang Yang, Junrong Luo, Zhongmin Xiao, Hongshuai Lei
Summary: Due to their excellent mechanical properties and design flexibility, fluted-core composite sandwich structures have gained significant attention in aerospace and rail transit applications. This study investigated the free-vibration characteristics and optimized design of composite fluted-core sandwich cylinders through theoretical models and experimental tests.
COMPOSITE STRUCTURES
(2024)
Article
Mechanics
Chao Li, Chunzheng Duan, Xiaodong Tian, Chao Wang
Summary: A mechanistic model considering the bottom edge cutting effect and the anisotropic characteristics of the material is proposed in this paper to accurately predict cutting forces. The model was validated through a series of milling experiments and can be used to predict the cutting force of various parts of the cutter and any feed direction.
COMPOSITE STRUCTURES
(2024)
Article
Mechanics
Camila Sanches Schimidt, Leopoldo Pisanelli Rodrigues de Oliveira, Carlos De Marqui Jr
Summary: This work investigates the vibro-acoustic performance of graded piezoelectric metamaterial plates. The study shows that piezoelectric metamaterial plates with reconfigurable properties can provide enhanced vibration and sound power attenuation.
COMPOSITE STRUCTURES
(2024)
Article
Mechanics
Jun Ke, Li-jie Liu, Zhen-yu Wu, Zhong-ping Le, Luo Bao, Dong-wei Luo
Summary: Compared with other green natural fibers, ramie has higher mechanical properties and lower cost. In this study, ramie and glass fiber are made into composite circular tubes. The results show that the hybrid circular tube with ramie and glass fiber has improved torsional mechanical properties and reduced weight and cost. The failure mechanisms are affected by the loading direction and the content of each fiber.
COMPOSITE STRUCTURES
(2024)
Article
Mechanics
Natalia Pingaro, Gabriele Milani
Summary: This paper proposes an enhanced analytical model for predicting the behavior of FRCM samples tested under standard tensile tests. The model takes into account the interaction between fibers and matrix through the interface, and assumes different material properties at different phases. By solving a second order linear differential equation, an analytical solution can be obtained. The model is validated with experimental data and shows good predictability.
COMPOSITE STRUCTURES
(2024)
Article
Mechanics
Jialiang Fan, Anastasios P. Vassilopoulos, Veronique Michaud
Summary: This article investigates the effects of voids, joint geometry, and test conditions on the fracture performance of thick adhesive Double Cantilever Beam (DCB) joints. It concludes that grooved DCB joints with low void content tested at low displacement rates showed stable crack propagation without significant crack path deviation.
COMPOSITE STRUCTURES
(2024)
Article
Mechanics
Auwalu I. Mohammed, Kaarthikeyan Raghupathy, Osvaldo De Victoria Garcia Baltazar, Lawson Onokpasah, Roger Carvalho, Anders Mogensen, Farzaneh Hassani, James Njuguna
Summary: This study investigates the performance of composite pressure vessels under damaged and undamaged conditions, providing insights into their reliability and residual strength capabilities. The results demonstrate that the damage profile and its effect on compressive strength are similar between damaged and non-damaged cylinders. When subjected to quasi-static compression, the polyethylene liner absorbs enough elastic strain energy to recover without plastic deformation. Additionally, quasi-static compression has little to no influence on the axial strength of the cylinders. The damage characterization reveals fiber breakage, delamination, local buckling, and brooming failure. This study has direct implications for the safety design tolerances, manufacturing strategies, and operational failure conditions of composite overwrapped pressure vessels (COPVs).
COMPOSITE STRUCTURES
(2024)
Article
Mechanics
Muhammad Irfan Shirazi, Samir Khatir, Djilali Boutchicha, Magd Abdel Wahab
Summary: Structural health monitoring is important to ensure the safety of components and structures. This study proposes a method using finite element models and 1D-CNN network to extract and classify vibration responses for crack detection. The results show that the proposed approach is effective in real-time damage detection.
COMPOSITE STRUCTURES
(2024)
Article
Mechanics
Maryam Mirsalehi, Kiarash Kianpour, Sharif Shahbeyk, Mohammad Bakhshi
Summary: This study comprehensively investigates the one-way response of 3D-woven sandwich panels (3DWSPs) and their interfering parameters, providing interpretation of elastic and failure results, failure maps, and reliable theoretical models for linear elastic response and observed failure mechanisms.
COMPOSITE STRUCTURES
(2024)
Article
Mechanics
Yiming Zhao, Zhonggang Wang, Zhigang Yang, Bin Qin
Summary: The paper proposes a Ritz and statistical energy analysis (Ritz SEA) hybrid method for calculating rectangular plate acoustic vibration coupling in the mid-frequency range. This method combines the fast convergence and ability to handle arbitrary boundary conditions of the Ritz method with the power flow equation of the statistical energy analysis method. The results show that this approach effectively filters out random fluctuations in mid-frequency domains while demonstrating exceptional stability and precision.
COMPOSITE STRUCTURES
(2024)
Article
Mechanics
Joao Henrique Fonseca, Woojung Jang, Dosuck Han, Naksoo Kim, Hyungyil Lee
Summary: This study addresses the enhancement of an injection-molded fiber-reinforced plastic / metal hybrid automotive structure and its plastic injection molding process through the integration of the finite element method, artificial intelligence, and evolutionary search methods. Experimental validation of finite element models, the generation of a database through orthogonal array and Latin hypercube methods, and the training of artificial neural networks are conducted. The genetic optimization algorithm is then applied to identify optimal process parameters. The results show significant reduction in product warpage and manufacturing time while maintaining structural strength, contributing to the advancement of composite automotive structures with superior quality.
COMPOSITE STRUCTURES
(2024)
Article
Mechanics
Alessandro Vescovini, Carina Xiaochen Li, Javier Paz Mendez, Bo Cheng Jin, Andrea Manes, Chiara Bisagni
Summary: This paper presents a study on six single-stringer specimens manufactured using the card-sliding technique with non-crimp fabrics and adopting a Double-Double (DD) stacking sequence. The specimens were tested under compression loading conditions to investigate post-buckling and failure in aerospace structures. Experimental results and numerical simulations were compared to analyze the behavior and failure modes of the specimens. The study found promising evidence of a viable solution to optimize aeronautical structures and enhance resistance to skin-stringer separation, particularly with the use of tapered flanges.
COMPOSITE STRUCTURES
(2024)
