Journal
ANGEWANDTE CHEMIE-INTERNATIONAL EDITION
Volume 58, Issue 27, Pages 9204-9209Publisher
WILEY-V C H VERLAG GMBH
DOI: 10.1002/anie.201902516
Keywords
alkali metals; carbon nanotube; catalysis; chemical vapor deposition; nanostructures
Categories
Funding
- Airbus
- Boeing
- Embraer
- Lockheed Martin
- Saab AB
- ANSYS
- Saertex
- TohoTenax through MIT's Nano-Engineered Composite aerospace STructures (NECST) Consortium
- NASA Space Technology Research Fellowships (NSTRF)
- Science Without Borders program of The Brazilian National Council for Scientific and Technological Development (CNPq) [232426/2013-9]
- University of Maryland
- National Institute of Standards and Technology Center for Nanoscale Science and Technology, through the University of Maryland [70NANB14H209]
- MRSEC Program of the National Science Foundation [DMR-0819762]
- U. S. Army Research Laboratory
- U. S. Army Research Office through the Institute for Soldier Nanotechnologies [W911NF-13-D-0001]
- Center for Nanoscale Systems (CNS) - National Science Foundation [1541959]
- Directorate For Engineering
- Div Of Electrical, Commun & Cyber Sys [1541959] Funding Source: National Science Foundation
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Synthesis of low-dimensional carbon nanomaterials such as carbon nanotubes (CNTs) is a key driver for achieving advances in energy storage, computing, and multifunctional composites, among other applications. Here, we report high-yield thermal chemical vapor deposition (CVD) synthesis of CNTs catalyzed by reagent-grade common sodium-containing compounds, including NaCl, NaHCO3, Na2CO3, and NaOH, found in table salt, baking soda, and detergents, respectively. Coupled with an oxidative dehydrogenation reaction to crack acetylene at reduced temperatures, Na-based nanoparticles have been observed to catalyze CNT growth at temperatures below 400 degrees C. Ex situ and in situ transmission electron microscopy (TEM) reveal unique CNT morphologies and growth characteristics, including a vaporizing Na catalyst phenomenon that we leverage to create CNTs without residual catalyst particles for applications that require metal-free CNTs. Na is shown to synthesize CNTs on numerous substrates, and as the first alkali group metal catalyst demonstrated for CNT growth, holds great promise for expanding the understanding of nanocarbon synthesis.
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