Journal
AMERICAN JOURNAL OF EPIDEMIOLOGY
Volume 188, Issue 9, Pages 1637-1645Publisher
OXFORD UNIV PRESS INC
DOI: 10.1093/aje/kwz116
Keywords
beta-alanine; Alzheimer disease; cohort study; dementia; imidazole dipeptides
Categories
Funding
- Fukuoka BioCluster Project Grant from Fukuoka Prefecture in Japan
- Fukuoka BioCluster Project Grant from Kurume City in Japan
- Ministry of Education, Culture, Sports, Science and Technology of Japan [JP16H02644, JP16H02692, JP16H05850, JP16H05557, JP17H04126, JP18H02737, JP16K09244, JP17K09114, JP17K09113, JP17K01853, JP18K07565, JP18K09412, JP18K17925, JP18K17382]
- Health and Labour Sciences Research Grants of the Ministry of Health, Labour and Welfare of Japan [H29-Junkankitou-Ippan-003, H30-Shokuhin-[Sitei]-005]
- Japan Agency for Medical Research and Development [JP18dk0207025, JP18ek0210082, JP18gm0610007, JP18ek0210083, JP18km0405202, JP18ek0210080, JP18fk0108075]
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We examined the association between serum concentrations of beta-alanine, a metabolite of carnosine and anserine, and the risk of dementia in a general population of elderly Japanese persons. In 2007, 1,475 residents of Hisayama, Japan, aged 60-79 years and without dementia were divided into 4 groups according to quartiles of serum beta-alanine concentrations (quartile 1, lowest; quartile 4, highest) and followed for a median of 5.3 years. During follow-up, 117 subjects developed all-cause dementia (Alzheimer in 77 cases and vascular dementia in 31). The risk of all-cause dementia decreased with increasing serum beta-alanine levels after adjustment for potential confounding factors (quartile 2, hazard ratio (HR) = 0.73 (95% confidence interval (CI): 0.45, 1.18); quartile 3, HR = 0.50 (95% CI: 0.28, 0.89); quartile 4, HR = 0.50 (95% CI: 0.27, 0.92); P = 0.01 for trend). A similar inverse association was observed for Alzheimer disease (quartile 2, HR = 0.78 (95% CI: 0.44, 1.38); quartile 3, HR = 0.53 (95% CI: 0.26, 1.06); quartile 4, HR = 0.53 (95% CI: 0.25, 1.10); P = 0.04 for trend) but not for vascular dementia. We found that higher serum beta-alanine levels were significantly associated with lower risks of all-cause dementia and Alzheimer disease. Because serum beta-alanine levels reflect intakes of carnosine/anserine, higher intakes of carnosine/anserine might be beneficial for the prevention of dementia.
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