Journal
ADVANCED SYNTHESIS & CATALYSIS
Volume 361, Issue 11, Pages 2402-2420Publisher
WILEY-V C H VERLAG GMBH
DOI: 10.1002/adsc.201900275
Keywords
biocatalysis; carbon dioxide; CO2 fixation; decarboxylases; (de)carboxylation; reaction mechanisms; substrate scope
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Funding
- Austrian Science Fund (FWF) [P26863-N19]
- Austrian BMWFW
- BMVIT
- SFG
- Standortagentur Tirol
- Government of Lower Austria
- ZIT through the Austrian FFG-COMET-Funding Program
- Austrian Science Fund (FWF) [P26863] Funding Source: Austrian Science Fund (FWF)
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The utilization of carbon dioxide as a C-1-building block for the production of valuable chemicals has recently attracted much interest. Whereas chemical CO2 fixation is dominated by C-O and C-N bond forming reactions, the development of novel concepts for the carboxylation of C-nucleophiles, which leads to the formation of carboxylic acids, is highly desired. Beside transition metal catalysis, biocatalysis has emerged as an attractive method for the highly regioselective (de)carboxylation of electron-rich (hetero)aromatics, which has been recently further expanded to include conjugated alpha,beta-unsaturated (acrylic) acid derivatives. Depending on the type of substrate, different classes of enzymes have been explored for (i) the ortho-carboxylation of phenols catalyzed by metal-dependent ortho-benzoic acid decarboxylases and (ii) the side-chain carboxylation of para-hydroxystyrenes mediated by metal-independent phenolic acid decarboxylases. Just recently, the portfolio of bio-carboxylation reactions was complemented by (iii) the para-carboxylation of phenols and the decarboxylation of electron-rich heterocyclic and acrylic acid derivatives mediated by prenylated FMN-dependent decarboxylases, which is the main focus of this review. Bio(de)carboxylation processes proceed under physiological reaction conditions employing bicarbonate or (pressurized) CO2 when running in the energetically uphill carboxylation direction. Aiming to facilitate the application of these enzymes in preparative-scale biotransformations, their catalytic mechanism and substrate scope are analyzed in this review.
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