Review
Oncology
Rosa Nouvini, Patricia A. Parker, Charlotte D. Malling, Kendra Godwin, Rosario Costas-Muniz
Summary: This systematic review explores interventions aimed at improving cancer clinical trial enrollment for racial and ethnic minorities, showing potential benefits of patient navigation/coaching and other interventions in increasing recruitment rates.
Review
Medicine, General & Internal
Russyan Mark Mabeza, Briana Christophers, Sophia A. Ederaine, Emily J. Glenn, Zachary P. Benton-Slocum, Jasmine R. Marcelin
Summary: Racially and ethnically minoritized individuals are underrepresented in graduate medical education, and there is a lack of consensus on strategies to improve representation across specialties.
Article
Multidisciplinary Sciences
Yuzhou Wang, Joshua S. Apte, Jason D. Hill, Cesunica E. Ivey, Regan F. Patterson, Allen L. Robinson, Christopher W. Tessum, Julian D. Marshall
Summary: Air pollution levels in the United States have decreased, but racial-ethnic exposure disparities persist. Targeting specific locations for emission reductions can eliminate national exposure inequalities, while existing regulatory strategies require significant reductions. Additionally, location-specific strategies are found to be the most effective in reducing overall exposure and national inequalities.
PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL ACADEMY OF SCIENCES OF THE UNITED STATES OF AMERICA
(2022)
Article
Public, Environmental & Occupational Health
Ibraheem M. Karaye
Summary: This study examined suicide trends by race and ethnicity in the United States from 1999 to 2020. It found that the suicide rate has been decreasing among Non-Hispanic Whites but increasing among Non-Hispanic Blacks, Asians/Pacific Islanders, American Indians/Alaska Natives, and Hispanics. The study also identified changes in suicide mechanisms, with increases in firearm and suffocation suicides, and decreases in drug poisoning suicides.
PREVENTIVE MEDICINE
(2022)
Review
Green & Sustainable Science & Technology
Josiane Isingizwe, Ricardo Eiris, Masoud Gheisari
Summary: Disparities in the construction domain result in exclusion and segregation of racial minorities in education and employment. Systemic racism is identified as a major cause for these inequalities. Such disparities affect the employment opportunities and representation of racial minorities in the construction industry.
Article
Clinical Neurology
Daniel Garbin Di Luca, Sheng Luo, Hongliang Liu, Melanie Cohn, Thomas L. Davis, Adoldo Ramirez-Zamora, Miriam Rafferty, Nabila Dahodwala, Anna Naito, Marilyn Neault, James Beck, Connie Marras
Summary: This study investigated the differences in health-related quality of life (HRQoL) and other outcomes in patients with Parkinson disease (PD) across different racial and ethnic groups. The findings showed that non-White patients had higher total PDQ-39 scores, indicating worse HRQoL, compared to White patients, and cognitive scores partially explained this difference.
Article
Cardiac & Cardiovascular Systems
Viliane Vilcant, Carlos Ceron, Gagan Verma, Roman Zeltser, Amgad N. Makaryus
Summary: Non-White racial and ethnic groups have been traditionally underrepresented in cardiology research studies, despite the increased risk of cardiovascular disease in these groups. A review of major cardiovascular trials between 1986 and 2019 found that only about half of the trials reported any racial or ethnic information, and there has been no significant improvement in the inclusion of traditionally underrepresented groups over time.
HEART LUNG AND CIRCULATION
(2022)
Review
Otorhinolaryngology
Corinne A. Pittman, Raul Roura, Carrie Price, Frank R. Lin, Nicole Marrone, Carrie L. Nieman
Summary: Despite NIH's mandate to include women and ethnic minorities in research, studies on hearing loss management in the US lack representation of these groups. More efforts are needed to ensure diverse representation in clinical trials to address the needs of a diverse population.
JAMA OTOLARYNGOLOGY-HEAD & NECK SURGERY
(2021)
Review
Clinical Neurology
A. R. Shaw, J. Perales-Puchalt, E. Johnson, P. Espinoza-Kissell, M. Acosta-Rullan, S. Frederick, A. Lewis, H. Chang, J. Mahnken, E. D. Vidoni
Summary: Despite being more likely to develop dementia, older racial and ethnic minorities are underrepresented in clinical trials focused on neurological disorders. A systematic review found that REM participants remain underrepresented in randomized brain healthy prevention trials. There is a lack of reporting on the racial/ethnic identities of participants in these trials.
JPAD-JOURNAL OF PREVENTION OF ALZHEIMERS DISEASE
(2022)
Article
Psychology, Clinical
Manuel Gonzales, Aaron J. Blashill
Summary: This study assessed the occurrence of probable eating disorders, body dysmorphic disorder, drive for muscularity, and APED misuse in a racially diverse sample of cisgender sexual minority individuals aged 18-30 in the US. Results showed higher rates of these disorders among SMs compared to heterosexual samples, with Hispanic SMs reporting the highest rates and differences in occurrence between SM men and women. Further research is needed to understand the mechanisms placing SMs at risk for body image disorders.
Article
Hematology
Bindu Kanapuru, Laura L. Fernandes, Lola A. Fashoyin-Aje, Andrea C. Baines, Vishal Bhatnagar, Rachel Ershler, Thomas Gwise, Paul Kluetz, Richard Pazdur, Elizabeth Pulte, Yuan-Li Shen, Nicole Gormley
Summary: African Americans are underrepresented in multiple myeloma clinical trials and have more favorable outcomes compared to patients from other regions.
Article
Cardiac & Cardiovascular Systems
Ourania Preventza, Andre Critsinelis, Katherine Simpson, Jacqueline K. Olive, Scott A. LeMaire, Lorraine D. Cornwell, Ernesto Jimenez, John Byrne, Subhasis Chatterjee, Todd K. Rosengart, Joseph S. Coselli
Summary: The study evaluated the representation of female patients and racial and ethnic minorities in U.S. cardiovascular trials, highlighting the low participation rates of female patients and non-Asian minorities. Efforts are needed to address these disparities and achieve better balance in clinical trial representation.
ANNALS OF THORACIC SURGERY
(2021)
Letter
Medicine, General & Internal
Lauren Hucko, Hasenin Al-khersan, Jayanth Sridhar
Summary: From 2011 to 2019, there was no improvement in the racial and ethnic representation in U.S. residency programs, with only a small percentage of Black, Hispanic, and Native American or Alaskan Native individuals participating.
NEW ENGLAND JOURNAL OF MEDICINE
(2022)
Article
Health Care Sciences & Services
DaSol Amy Hwang, Alex Lee, Jae Min Song, Hae-Ra Han
Summary: This study identified 9 categories of recruitment and retention strategies for web-based intervention trials targeting racial and ethnic minorities, including authentic care, accommodation of time, place, and transportation, financial incentives, diversity among the study team, multiple modes of communication, existing community relationships, prioritizing features of web-based intervention, combined recruitment methods, and self-directed web-based intervention with human support. Prioritizing features of web-based intervention or providing human support were particularly important for promoting recruitment and retention of racial and ethnic minorities in web-based intervention trials. Future research should further explore successful recruitment and retention methods among different racial and ethnic groups for web-based interventions.
JOURNAL OF MEDICAL INTERNET RESEARCH
(2021)
Article
Information Science & Library Science
Hyehyun Kim, Sylvia Chan-Olmsted, Huan Chen
Summary: This study investigates information behavior and perception, as well as vaccination, among America's Hispanic, Black/African American, and Asian ethnic minorities in the context of COVID-19. Cultural and demographic factors play a significant role in information seeking and value, and some demographic factors also predict COVID-19 related information seeking for Black/African Americans and Hispanics. The study provides insights into the impact of COVID-19 related information perception and vaccination implication.
INFORMATION TECHNOLOGY & PEOPLE
(2022)
Article
Oncology
Sanjana Balachandra, Rebecca L. Eary, Rebecca Lee, Erin M. Wynings, David J. Sher, Teena Sura, Yulun Liu, Brittny N. Tillman, Baran D. Sumer, Elizabeth Mayfield Arnold, Jasmin A. Tiro, Simon C. Lee, Andrew T. Day
Summary: The study found that head and neck cancer survivors have higher rates of smoking, heavy drinking, and high mental health burden compared to survivors of other cancers. There is a bidirectional relationship between high mental health burden and smoking/heavy drinking, and nonpartnered marital status and insurance status are associated with these adverse factors.
Article
Gastroenterology & Hepatology
Sarah R. Lieber, Hannah P. Kim, Luke Baldelli, Rebekah Nash, Randall Teal, Gabrielle Magee, Chirag S. Desai, Marci M. Loiselle, Simon C. Lee, Amit G. Singal, Jorge A. Marrero, A. Sidney Barritt, Donna M. Evon
Summary: This study examined components of early survivorship after liver transplantation, identifying physical, emotional, and psychological challenges as targets for intervention. The researchers also found that the etiology of liver disease can impact survivorship experiences.
LIVER TRANSPLANTATION
(2022)
Article
Oncology
Katelyn K. Jetelina, Simon Craddock Lee, Quiera S. Booker-Nubie, Udoka C. Obinwa, Hong Zhu, Michael E. Miller, Navid Sadeghi, Umber Dickerson, Bijal A. Balasubramanian
Summary: This study aims to examine the impact of pre-existing conditions on healthcare utilization among under- and uninsured cancer patients during the transition from treatment to post-treatment survivorship. The findings show that cancer patients have fewer visits compared to non-cancer patients, with lower utilization of primary care and emergency department visits but higher completion rates of scheduled appointments. Cancer patients with higher rates of primary care visits are more likely to visit the emergency department.
JOURNAL OF CANCER SURVIVORSHIP
(2023)
Review
Otorhinolaryngology
Jordan R. Salley, Andrew T. Day, Sanjana Balachandra, Joshua Mehr, Baran D. Sumer, David J. Sher, Elizabeth Mayfield Arnold, Esther Danphuong Ho, Simon Craddock Lee, Rebecca Eary
Summary: This study aimed to explore adherence to the ACS Head and Neck Cancer Survivorship Care Guideline among posttreatment HNC survivors. The results showed suboptimal adherence to the guideline, indicating the need for interventions to improve implementation.
ANNALS OF OTOLOGY RHINOLOGY AND LARYNGOLOGY
(2023)
Correction
Ecology
Simon C. R. Lee, David J. Hodgson, Stuart Bearhop
Article
Orthopedics
Simon Lee, Aaron J. Krych, Annalise M. Peebles, Danielle Rider, Travis J. Dekker, Justin W. Arner, Justin J. Ernat, Ryan J. Whalen, Matthew T. Provencher
Summary: This study aimed to describe the clinical presentation, examination, and surgical outcomes of patients with humeral avulsions of the glenohumeral ligament (HAGL) lesions. The results showed that both arthroscopic and open repair techniques were effective in reducing pain and instability in patients.
AMERICAN JOURNAL OF SPORTS MEDICINE
(2023)
Article
Otorhinolaryngology
Andrew T. Day, Anubha Sood, Thomas R. Emmet, Rebecca L. Eary, Courtney A. Prestwood, Jordan Salley, Alexandra Huffman, Jacquelyn Doenges, Elizabeth Mayfield Arnold, Jasmin A. Tiro, Simon Craddock Lee
Summary: A study was conducted to understand the needs and attitudes of pretreatment head and neck cancer patients towards supportive care (SC). It was found that patients lacked awareness about the relevance of SC before treatment and experienced anxiety related to the cancer diagnosis and upcoming treatment. Improved patient education about SC and the inclusion of social work or psychological services in HNC clinics are necessary to address these needs.
ANNALS OF OTOLOGY RHINOLOGY AND LARYNGOLOGY
(2023)
Article
Otorhinolaryngology
Andrew T. Day, Courtney A. Prestwood, Thomas R. Emmett, Rebecca L. Eary, Jordan R. Salley, Vanessa Cerda, Elizabeth Mayfield Arnold, Simon Craddock Lee, Jasmin A. Tiro
Summary: This study aimed to investigate the supportive care needs and receipt of services among head and neck cancer patients before oncologic treatment, and explore the impact of social determinants of health on these outcomes. The study found that a majority of patients had unmet supportive care needs and did not receive the necessary services. Additionally, hospital type had an influence on the needs and receipt of supportive care. Therefore, novel interventions are required to address this significant gap in care.
ANNALS OF OTOLOGY RHINOLOGY AND LARYNGOLOGY
(2023)
Article
Obstetrics & Gynecology
Shelby Edmondson, Ana Belen Conrado, Hilda Loria, Jill McLeigh, Jasmin A. Tiro, Simon C. Lee, Jenny K. R. Francis
Summary: This study explores the perspectives of caregivers of youth in foster care in Texas about their role in adolescent contraception decision-making, particularly for long-acting reversible contraception. The study also examines ways in which providers and foster care agencies can support pregnancy prevention for youth in care. Results highlight the importance of building relationships, balancing autonomy and caregiver oversight, and addressing extreme reactions to contraception.
Letter
Medicine, General & Internal
Brian W. McCrindle, Ashraf S. Harahsheh, Ryan Handoko, Geetha Raghuveer, Michael A. Portman, Michael Khoury, Jane W. Newburger, Simon Lee, Supriya S. Jain, Manaswitha Khare, Nagib Dahdah, Cedric Manlhiot
Summary: The severity of multisystem inflammatory syndrome in children (MIS-C) has decreased with each subsequent SARS-CoV-2 variant, but critical illness remains prevalent in hospitalized patients with MIS-C.
NEW ENGLAND JOURNAL OF MEDICINE
(2023)
Article
Cardiac & Cardiovascular Systems
Jerin Jose, Elif Seda Selamet Tierney, Ashraf S. Harahsheh, Nagib Dahdah, Geetha Raghuveer, Kevin G. Friedman, Michael Khoury, Mark D. Hicar, Shae A. Merves, Frederic Dallaire, Pedrom Farid, Cedric Manlhiot, Kyle Runeckles, Nilanjana Misra, Michael Portman, Jean A. Ballweg, Simon Lee, Supriya S. Jain, Tyler H. Harris, Jacqueline R. Szmuszkovicz, William Orr, Guillermo Larios, Brian W. McCrindle
Summary: This study compares the clinical differences in children with complete Kawasaki disease (KD) with and without prior SARS-CoV-2 infection. The results show that patients with prior SARS-CoV-2 infection are older and have more severe symptoms and cardiac involvement. Patients without prior SARS-CoV-2 infection are more likely to have coronary artery aneurysms.
PEDIATRIC CARDIOLOGY
(2023)
Article
Health Care Sciences & Services
Simon J. Craddock Lee, Jessica Lee, Hong Zhu, Patricia M. Chen, Urooj Wahid, Heidi A. Hamann, Sheena Bhalla, Rodrigo Catalan Cardenas, Vijaya Subbu Natchimuthu, David H. Johnson, Noel O. Santini, Himani R. Patel, David E. Gerber
Summary: Low-dose computed tomography-based lung cancer screening is a complex clinical undertaking that can pose difficulties for patients, especially those from minority, underprivileged, and uninsured populations. The use of patient navigation in this study helped identify and address these challenges, resulting in improved participation in screening. The most common barriers reported by patients were personal, provider-related, and practical. Understanding and addressing these concerns can increase screening uptake and adherence.
POPULATION HEALTH MANAGEMENT
(2023)
Article
Social Sciences, Interdisciplinary
Robin T. T. Higashi, Gina Kruse, Julie Richards, Anubha Sood, Patricia M. M. Chen, Lisa Quirk, Justin Kramer, Jasmin A. A. Tiro, Leah Tuzzio, Jennifer S. S. Haas, Marlaine Figueroa Gray, Simon C. C. Lee
Summary: This study illustrates a methodological approach for harmonizing qualitative data across multiple healthcare systems. By collecting and analyzing qualitative data in three different settings, the researchers were able to identify insights and opportunities for improving clinical processes. This approach contributes to the field of implementation science by providing a way to assess context and develop strategies for quality improvement interventions across health systems.
INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF QUALITATIVE METHODS
(2023)
Review
Cardiac & Cardiovascular Systems
Jason L. Williams, Hannah M. Jacobs, Simon Lee
Summary: Myocarditis is a condition caused by inflammation of the cardiac myocytes, leading to myocardial edema and injury. It can be caused by viruses, infections, and even the COVID-19 disease and vaccine. Diagnosis includes various tests such as laboratory testing and non-invasive imaging studies, with cardiac magnetic resonance being an important tool. Management is crucial, especially in children, as myocarditis can be life-threatening.
CARDIOLOGY AND THERAPY
(2023)
Article
Health Care Sciences & Services
Daniel K. Elledge, Simon Craddock Lee, Sunita M. Stewart, Radu Pop, Madhukar H. Trivedi, Jennifer L. Hughes
Summary: This study examined the feasibility and acceptability of a resilience app for adolescents. The findings suggest that youth are interested in using this type of app, and the current prototype is feasible. However, there were no significant changes in mental health outcomes after using the app.
JMIR FORMATIVE RESEARCH
(2023)
