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Exploring lncRNA-Mediated Regulatory Networks in Endometrial Cancer Cells and the Tumor Microenvironment: Advances and Challenges

Journal

CANCERS
Volume 11, Issue 2, Pages -

Publisher

MDPI
DOI: 10.3390/cancers11020234

Keywords

long non-coding RNA; microRNA; endometrial cancer; prognostic biomarker; therapeutic target; epigenetics; regulatory mechanism; tumor microenvironment

Categories

Funding

  1. JSPS [16K11123, 18K09278]
  2. Science and Technology Planning Project of Guangdong Province, China [2014A020212124]
  3. NIH/NCI [1R21CA216585-01A1]
  4. Grants-in-Aid for Scientific Research [18K09278, 16K11123] Funding Source: KAKEN

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Recent studies have revealed both the promise and challenges of targeting long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs) to diagnose and treat endometrial cancer (EC). LncRNAs are upregulated or downregulated in ECs compared to normal tissues and their dysregulation has been linked to tumor grade, FIGO stage, the depth of myometrial invasion, lymph node metastasis and patient survival. Tumor suppressive lncRNAs (GAS5, MEG3, FER1L4 and LINC00672) and oncogenic lncRNAs (CCAT2, BANCR, NEAT1, MALAT1, H19 and Linc-RoR) have been identified as upstream modulators or downstream effectors of major signaling pathways influencing EC metastasis, including the PTEN/PI3K/AKT/mTOR, RAS/RAF/MEK/ERK, WNT/beta-catenin and p53 signaling pathways. TUG1 and TDRG1 stimulate the VEGF-A pathway. PCGEM1 is implicated in activating the JAK/STAT3 pathway. Here, we present an overview of the expression pattern, prognostic value, biological function of lncRNAs in EC cells and their roles within the tumor microenvironment, focusing on the influence of lncRNAs on established EC-relevant pathways. We also describe the emerging classification of EC subtypes based on their lncRNA signature and discuss the clinical implications of lncRNAs as valuable biomarkers for EC diagnosis and potential targets for EC treatment.

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