Synthesis and Electrochemical Research of Milled Antimony and Red Phosphorus Hybrid Inlaid with Graphene Sheets as Anodes for Lithium-Sodium Storage

Antimony and red phosphorus (RP) hybrid is harvested via a facile mechanical milling strategy. Simultaneously, graphene sheets are introduced to boost the electronic transmission and mitigate the agglomeration of particles. In contrast to pristine Sb and RP electrodes, Sb/P/C hybrid affords comparably promising electrochemical performances. As anodes for lithium-ion batteries, Sb/P/C electrode depicts a reversible capacity of 869 mAh g(-1) under 200 mA g(-1) after 50 cycles and an excellent rate stability such as 452 mAh g(-1) at 3200 mA g(-1). When used for sodium-ion batteries, the hybrid also shows moderate capacities of 544.8 and 511 mAh g(-1) at the current of 50 and 200 mA g(-1) after 50 cycles, respectively. These excellent properties can be ascribed to the synergetic effect of decreased particle size of milled Sb/P/C, large contact area, adequate energy storage sites, and enhanced electrical conductivity.