Journal
NANO ENERGY
Volume 57, Issue -, Pages 827-834Publisher
ELSEVIER
DOI: 10.1016/j.nanoen.2018.12.064
Keywords
Li-ion battery; Limiting step; Nano-impacts; Intrinsic properties; Organic electrolyte; Intercalation
Categories
Funding
- Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft [EXC1069]
- Ministry of Innovation, Science and Research of North Rhine-Westphalia (NRW Ruckkehrer Programm)
- Comunidad de Madrid [2017-T1/AMB-5190]
- Fonds der Chemischen Industrie
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In battery research, the development of analytical techniques is of key importance for determining intrinsic properties of active materials ultimately dictating the battery performance. We report the application of nano-impact electrochemistry to gain insight into the intrinsic properties of commercial battery materials i.e. TiO2 particles in non-aqueous media. Potentiostatic lithiation measurements do not only provide qualitative information about the rate-limiting step in the lithiation process, but also demonstrate that nano-impact electrochemistry is a suitable technique in non-aqueous media in complete absence of oxygen and water. Our results reveal that the intrinsic lithiation rate of individual TiO2 particles is not - as generally assumed - determined by interfacial ion transfer kinetics, mobility of ion and/or electrons in the bulk of the particle, but by the solid-solid electron transfer. These findings have important implications for future studies of fundamental properties of battery materials considering that charge transfer in battery electrodes does not always obey Butler-Volmer kinetics.
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