Journal
JOURNAL OF HIGH ENERGY PHYSICS
Volume -, Issue 2, Pages -Publisher
SPRINGER
DOI: 10.1007/JHEP02(2019)015
Keywords
Beyond Standard Model; Neutrino Physics
Categories
Funding
- Instituto Fisica Teorica, UAM/CSIC in Madrid [201650E082]
- European Union [674896, 690575]
- ICTP-SAIFR (FAPESP) [2016/01343-7]
- UNICAMP (FAPESP) [2014/19164-6]
- PUC-Rio (CNPq)
- FAPESP [2013/01792-8, 2012/10995-7]
- CNPq
- Fermilab Neutrino Physics Center
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We present a comprehensive study of the three-active plus N sterile neutrino model as a framework for constraining leptonic unitarity violation induced at energy scales much lower than the electroweak scale. We formulate a perturbation theory with expansion in small unitarity violating matrix element W while keeping (non-W suppressed) matter effect to all orders. We show that under the same condition of sterile state masses 0.1 eV(2) ae(2) m (J) (2) ae(2) (1-10) GeV2 as in vacuum, assuming typical accelerator based long-baseline neutrino oscillation experiment, one can derive a very simple form of the oscillation probability which consists only of zeroth-order terms with the unique exception of probability leaking term (alpha beta) of (W (4)). We argue, based on our explicit computation to fourth-order in W, that all the other terms are negligibly small after taking into account the suppression due to the mass condition for sterile states, rendering the oscillation probability sterile-sector model independent. Then, we identify a limited energy region in which this suppression is evaded and the effects of order W (2) corrections may be observable. Its detection would provide another way, in addition to detecting (alpha beta) , to distinguish between low-scale and high-scale unitarity violation. We also solve analytically the zeroth-order system in matter with uniform density to provide a basis for numerical evaluation of non-unitary neutrino evolution.
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