Article
Clinical Neurology
Benjamin M. Hampstead, Anthony Y. Stringer, Alexandru D. Iordan, Robert Ploutz-Snyder, K. Sathian
Summary: Cognitive training is a potential technique for treating cognitive impairment caused by neurological injury and disease. Different training methods have different mechanisms of action and engage distinct brain regions. Mnemonic strategy training (MST) showed superior effects in the short term and increased activation and functional connectivity in multiple brain regions.
ALZHEIMERS & DEMENTIA
(2023)
Article
Geriatrics & Gerontology
Michal S. Beeri, Sue E. Leugrans, Osvaldo Delbono, David A. Bennett, Aron S. Buchman
Summary: In this study, poor muscle function, rather than reduced lean muscle mass, was found to be associated with late-life cognitive impairment, including incident Alzheimer's dementia, mild cognitive impairment, and cognitive decline. Further research is needed to identify muscle structure features that may enhance the specificity of sarcopenia in identifying older adults at risk for late-life cognitive impairment.
JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN GERIATRICS SOCIETY
(2021)
Editorial Material
Cell Biology
Zhuang-Yao D. Wei, Ashok K. Shetty
Summary: This article discusses a recent study that suggests using a miRNA triad, consisting of miR-181a-5p, miR-146a-5p, and miR-148a-3p, for diagnosing ACI, MCI, and AD. The study explores the impact of elevated levels of this miRNA triad on neural plasticity and cognitive function in the brain and the potential of inhibiting it to improve cognitive function in MCI and AD.
Article
Neurosciences
Marina Botello-Marabotto, M. Carmen Martinez-Bisbal, Miguel Calero, Andrea Bernardos, Ana B. Pastor, Miguel Medina, Ramon Martinez-Manez
Summary: This study employed 1H NMR spectroscopy to conduct a metabolomic study in serum samples from patients with Alzheimer's disease (AD), mild cognitive impairment (MCI), and cognitively healthy controls (HC). The aim was to search for potential metabolite biomarkers. The results highlight the potential of 1H NMR metabolomics to support the diagnosis of dementia in a less invasive way, and provide a starting point for the study of potential biomarkers to identify MCI or HC subjects at risk of developing AD in the future.
NEUROBIOLOGY OF DISEASE
(2023)
Article
Clinical Neurology
Allan I. Levey, Deqiang Qiu, Liping Zhao, William T. Hu, Duc M. Duong, Lenora Higginbotham, Eric B. Dammer, Nicholas T. Seyfried, Thomas S. Wingo, Chadwick M. Hales, Malu Gamez Tansey, David S. Goldstein, Anees Abrol, Vince D. Calhoun, Felicia C. Goldstein, Ihab Hajjar, Anne M. Fagan, Doug Galasko, Steven D. Edland, John Hanfelt, James J. Lah, David Weinshenker
Summary: The study demonstrated that atomoxetine, a clinically approved noradrenaline reuptake inhibitor, improved multiple Alzheimer's disease biomarkers in individuals with mild cognitive impairment. Treatment with atomoxetine significantly reduced CSF levels of Tau and pTau, normalized CSF protein biomarker panels linked to synaptic function, brain metabolism, and glial immunity, and increased brain activity and metabolism in key temporal lobe circuits.
Article
Clinical Neurology
Deepika Dinesh, Qing Shao, Madhuri Palnati, Sarah McDannold, Quanwu Zhang, Amir Abbas Tahami Monfared, Guneet K. Jasuja, Heather Davila, Weiming Xia, Lauren R. Moo, Donald R. Miller, Natalia Palacios
Summary: Based on electronic health records data, a study found that US veterans have a unique dementia risk profile that may be changing over time. From 2000 to 2019, the incidence and prevalence of Alzheimer's disease (AD) and related dementias (ADRD) decreased, while ADRD prevalence increased primarily due to an increase in dementia not otherwise specified. The prevalence and incidence of mild cognitive impairment (MCI) sharply increased, especially after 2010. The highest prevalence and incidence of AD, ADRD, and MCI were observed in the oldest veterans, female veterans, and African American and Hispanic veterans.
ALZHEIMERS & DEMENTIA
(2023)
Article
Neurosciences
Yorito Hattori, Satoshi Saito, Yuriko Nakaoku, Soshiro Ogata, Masashi Hattori, Mio Nakatsuji, Kunihiro Nishimura, Masafumi Ihara
Summary: This retrospective study investigated the association between TAX intake and cognitive changes. The results showed that TAX intake was significantly associated with changes in visuospatial/executive function, verbal fluency, and total score of MoCA, but not with ADAS-Cog. These findings provide a basis for TAX as a novel strategy for maintaining brain health.
JOURNAL OF ALZHEIMERS DISEASE
(2023)
Article
Clinical Neurology
David L. Sultzer, Aaron C. Lim, Hailey L. Gordon, Brandon C. Yarns, Rebecca J. Melrose
Summary: This study found lower nicotinic cholinergic receptor binding in specific limbic and subcortical regions in MCI and AD dementia patients compared to CU older adults, which is related to cognitive deficits.
ALZHEIMERS RESEARCH & THERAPY
(2022)
Article
Computer Science, Artificial Intelligence
Sunghong Park, Chang Hyung Hong, Dong-gi Lee, Kanghee Park, Hyunjung Shin
Summary: With the rapid aging of the population, Alzheimer's disease (AD) is becoming a serious problem, and early detection of the disease is crucial. By learning brain atrophy patterns, machine learning algorithms can predict the conversion from mild cognitive impairment (MCI) to AD. However, it is challenging to distinguish between the conversion group and the non-conversion group due to small differences and large within-group variability in brain images. To address this issue, a method called prospective classification, which projects brain images into the future for classification, is proposed.
Article
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Bruna De Felice, Cinzia Coppola, Simona Bonavita, Elisabetta Signoriello, Concetta Montanino, Federica Farinella, Carmela Matrone
Summary: Mild cognitive impairment (MCI) is a transitional stage before dementia with a high risk of progression to Alzheimer's disease. Non-coding RNAs, including long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs), play a crucial role in gene expression regulation and can improve understanding of the genetic factors and pathophysiology of MCI. This study identified the expression patterns and relevant lncRNA-associated miRNA regulatory axes in the blood of MCI patients, proposing RNA targets involved in the pathogenesis of MCI.
Review
Food Science & Technology
Guangsu Zhu, Jianxin Zhao, Hao Zhang, Wei Chen, Gang Wang
Summary: Analysis of randomized controlled trials suggests that dietary supplementation with probiotics may improve cognitive function, particularly in individuals with mild cognitive impairment.
Article
Clinical Neurology
Egle Audronyte, Vaiva Sutnikiene, Gyte Pakulaite-Kazliene, Gintaras Kaubrys
Summary: This study investigated olfactory memory and its relationship with verbal memory and other clinical features in patients with early-stage Alzheimer's disease (AD). The results showed that olfactory memory was significantly impaired in patients with AD compared to individuals with mild cognitive impairment due to AD and cognitively normal older participants. Furthermore, the duration of AD symptoms was a strong predictor of olfactory recognition memory scores.
FRONTIERS IN NEUROLOGY
(2023)
Review
Neurosciences
Mingrui Liu, Baohu Liu, Zelin Ye, Dongyu Wu
Summary: This study used a bibliometric approach to analyze the application of electroencephalogram (EEG) in mild cognitive impairment (MCI) from 2005 to 2022. The research emphasis has shifted from examining local brain lesions with EEG to neural network mechanisms. The use of big data and intelligent analysis methods in EEG research is becoming more important, and linking MCI to other neurological disorders and evaluating new targets for diagnosis and treatment has become a new research trend.
FRONTIERS IN NEUROSCIENCE
(2023)
Article
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Aida Kamalian, Sara G. Ho, Megha Patel, Alexandria Lewis, Arnold Bakker, Marilyn Albert, Richard J. O'Brien, Abhay Moghekar, Michael W. Lutz
Summary: This study measured 3072 proteins in the CSF samples of AD-biomarker positive MCI patients and controls, and found an upregulation of neuroinflammatory pathways, particularly chemotactic and granulocyte recruitment pathways, in the CSF of early AD patients.
Article
Neurosciences
Jasmin E. Guevara, Natalie E. Kurniadi, Kevin Duff
Summary: This study quantifies cognitive change in patients with mild cognitive impairment (MCI) using standardized regression-based (SRB) z-scores. The findings show a significant decline in cognitive function over time, especially in learning and memory. Patients who progressed to dementia (MCI-Decline) showed more decline compared to those who remained stable (MCI-Stable). The study highlights the value of SRB in quantifying cognitive decline and identifying individuals at higher risk for MCI progression.
JOURNAL OF ALZHEIMERS DISEASE
(2023)
Article
Clinical Neurology
Giovanni Martinotti, Bernardo Dell'Osso, Giorgio Di Lorenzo, Giuseppe Maina, Alessandro Bertolino, Massimo Clerici, Stefano Barlati, Gianluca Rosso, Marco Di Nicola, Matteo Marcatili, Giacomo d'Andrea, Clara Cavallotto, Stefania Chiappini, Sergio De Filippis, Giuseppe Nicolo, Pasquale De Fazio, Ileana Andriola, Raffaella Zanardi, Domenica Nucifora, Stefania Di Mauro, Roberta Bassetti, Mauro Pettorruso, Roger S. McIntyre, Stefano L. Sensi, Massimo di Giannantonio, Antonio Vita
Summary: This study aimed to compare the efficacy of esketamine in treating unipolar and bipolar treatment-resistant depression (TRD) and provide preliminary evidence of its effectiveness in bipolar TRD (B-TRD). The results showed that esketamine significantly reduced depressive symptoms in B-TRD patients compared to TRD patients, and it had a better anxiolytic action in B-TRD patients. The low risk of side effects confirmed the safety of this treatment.
Article
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Cristina Agliardi, Franca Rosa Guerini, Milena Zanzottera, Elisabetta Bolognesi, Silvia Picciolini, Domenico Caputo, Marco Rovaris, Maria Barbara Pasanisi, Mario Clerici
Summary: Approximately 15% of MS patients develop primary progressive form of disease, which is difficult to diagnose and treat. Brain-derived EVs and their protein cargoes could potentially serve as biomarkers for MS. The study found that MBP concentration in ODEVs was significantly increased in MS patients and correlated with disease severity. A minimally invasive blood test measuring MBP concentration in ODEVs could be a promising tool for MS diagnosis.
INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF MOLECULAR SCIENCES
(2023)
Article
Virology
Cristian Molteni, Diego Forni, Rachele Cagliani, Alessandra Mozzi, Mario Clerici, Manuela Sironi
Summary: Through analysis of core genes, we found that some genes involved in viral morphogenesis and transcription/replication of orthopoxviruses were targets of positive selection. Episodic positive selection was particularly common on the internal branches of the orthopox phylogeny and on the monkeypox virus lineage. In addition, intrinsically disordered regions (IDRs) in orthopoxvirus proteomes were less constrained and frequently targeted by positive selection.
Article
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Francesca La Rosa, Simone Agostini, Federica Piancone, Ivana Marventano, Ambra Hernis, Chiara Fenoglio, Daniela Galimberti, Elio Scarpini, Marina Saresella, Mario Clerici
Summary: Alzheimer's Disease (AD) is the most common form of dementia, characterized by the deposition of neurotoxic plaques composed of amyloid-beta (Ab). Peripheral inflammation has been identified as an early event in AD pathogenesis. This study focuses on TREM2, a receptor that plays a role in immune cell function and may serve as a potential peripheral biomarker for AD diagnosis and prognosis.
INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF MOLECULAR SCIENCES
(2023)
Letter
Clinical Neurology
Ester di Giacomo, Biagio Eugenio Leone, Massimo Clerici, Fabio Grassia
JOURNAL OF NEUROLOGY NEUROSURGERY AND PSYCHIATRY
(2023)
Review
Medicine, Research & Experimental
Fiona Limanaqi, Chiara Vicentini, Irma Saulle, Mario Clerici, Mara Biasin
Summary: Type-I diabetes mellitus is a chronic T-cell mediated autoimmune disease influenced by genetic predisposition and environmental factors. Endoplasmic reticulum aminopeptidase 1 and 2 play a crucial role in disease progression by affecting immune cell activity through abnormal trimming of antigen peptides.
Letter
Allergy
Marta Stracuzzi, Claudia Vanetti, Mario Clerici, Gian Vincenzo Zuccotti, Daria Trabattoni, Vania Giacomet
PEDIATRIC ALLERGY AND IMMUNOLOGY
(2023)
Review
Medicine, General & Internal
Teresa Surace, Cecilia Quitadamo, Alice Caldiroli, Enrico Capuzzi, Fabrizia Colmegna, Guido Nosari, Elisa Borroni, Luca Fedrizzi, Valentina Bollati, Angela Cecilia Pesatori, Michele Carugno, Massimo Clerici, Massimiliano Buoli
Summary: The aim of this study was to summarize available data on the link between air pollution exposure and the onset and severity of psychiatric disorders in pregnant women during the perinatal period. Nine studies were included in the analysis, with most focusing on the association between air pollutant exposure and postpartum depression (PPD) onset. The results showed a significant association between PM2.5 and NO2 exposure and PPD onset, as well as an association between PBDE blood levels and more severe depressive symptoms. One study also observed a link between exposure to PM2.5, PM10 during pregnancy and stressful symptoms.
JOURNAL OF CLINICAL MEDICINE
(2023)
Article
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Lorenzo Agostino Citterio, Roberta Mancuso, Simone Agostini, Mario Meloni, Mario Clerici
Summary: The etiology of Parkinson's disease is still unclear, but it is likely to involve both genetic and environmental factors. Studies have found dysregulated microRNA expression, specifically increased levels of miR-7-1-5p and miR-223-3p in the serum of Parkinson's patients, suggesting that these microRNAs could potentially serve as diagnostic biomarkers.
Review
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Armando Tripodi, Erica Scalambrino, Marigrazia Clerici, Flora Peyvandi
Summary: The laboratory diagnosis of APS requires the measurement of solid-phase antibodies to cardiolipin or β2-Glycoprotein-I and the search for LA. However, the interpretation of results, especially for LA, is difficult in patients on anticoagulation due to the overlap of clotting time prolongations induced by LA and anticoagulants. This article reviews the effect of anticoagulants on APS diagnosis and discusses potential solutions to overcome this issue.
Article
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Hend Alfadul, Shaun Sabico, Mohammed G. A. Ansari, Abdullah M. Alnaami, Osama E. Amer, Syed D. Hussain, Kaiser Wani, Malak N. K. Khattak, Mario Clerici, Nasser M. Al-Daghri
Summary: Inflammasome activation of NLRP3 is involved in the pathogenesis of inflammatory diseases. Limited studies have reported the associations between NLRP3 levels or other circulating interleukins and glycemic status. This study investigated the differences and associations between serum levels of NLRP3 and ILs in Arab adults with prediabetes and type 2 diabetes mellitus.
Article
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Mario Meloni, Cristina Agliardi, Franca Rosa Guerini, Francesca Lea Saibene, Anna Vera Milner, Milena Zanzottera, Elisabetta Bolognesi, Monica Puligheddu, Michela Figorilli, Jorge Navarro, Mario Clerici
Summary: REM sleep behavior disorder (RBD) is more closely related to synucleinopathies in Parkinson's Disease (PD) compared to other neurodegenerative disorders. This study explores the potential biomarkers for RBD using neural-derived extracellular vesicles (NDEVs) in serum. The findings suggest that serum concentrations of NDEVs' oligomeric a-Syn and SNARE complex components could serve as reliable biomarkers for the RBD-specific PD endophenotype.
INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF MOLECULAR SCIENCES
(2023)
Article
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Franca Rosa Guerini, Cristina Agliardi, Letizia Oreni, Elisabetta Groppo, Elisabetta Bolognesi, Milena Zanzottera, Domenico Caputo, Marco Rovaris, Mario Clerici
Summary: The association between VDR gene polymorphisms and rehabilitation outcome in MS patients was evaluated. It was found that certain VDR gene variations were associated with better rehabilitation outcomes, suggesting that genetic profiling could be useful in identifying patients with a higher chance of recovery.
INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF MOLECULAR SCIENCES
(2023)
Article
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Elisabetta Bolognesi, Franca Rosa Guerini, Alessandra Carta, Matteo Chiappedi, Stefano Sotgiu, Martina Maria Mensi, Cristina Agliardi, Milena Zanzottera, Mario Clerici
Summary: Autism spectrum disorders (ASD) can have different onset patterns, and the SNAP-25 gene's single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) may serve as diagnostic biomarkers for distinguishing early onset and regressive onset ASD, as well as providing insights into tailored therapeutic approaches.
INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF MOLECULAR SCIENCES
(2023)
Article
Chemistry, Medicinal
Roberta Mancuso, Lorenzo Agostino Citterio, Simone Agostini, Ivana Marventano, Francesca La Rosa, Francesca Re, Pierfausto Seneci, Marina Saresella, Mario Clerici, Leonidas A. Phylactou
Summary: The anti-hyperglycemic drug glibenclamide and bi-functionalized liposomes are capable of inhibiting NLRP3 inflammasome activation and reducing the release of inflammatory cytokines. They also have the ability to modulate the expression of certain miRNAs. These findings suggest a potential new strategy for treating neurodegenerative diseases using glibenclamide and liposomes.