Article
Environmental Sciences
Tao Li, Lijia Yang, Sarah E. Smith-Jeffcoat, Alice Wang, Hui Guo, Wei Chen, Xin Du, Hui Zhang
Summary: The study found that 10.7% of TB patients were missing in IDRS and 30.9% were missing in TBIMS in China in 2016. The risk of under-reporting to both IDRS and TBIMS was greatest at tertiary health facilities and among non-residents; the risk of under-reporting to TBIMS was greatest with patients aged 65 or older and with extrapulmonary TB (EPTB). It is important to improve reporting and recording of TB patients, especially in high-burden hospitals, facilities catering to EPTB, and among migrant patients.
INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH
(2021)
Article
Gastroenterology & Hepatology
Fuzhen Wang, Xiaojin Sun, Feng Wang, Hui Zheng, Zhiyuan Jia, Guomin Zhang, Shengli Bi, Ning Miao, Shuang Zhang, Fuqiang Cui, Li Li, Huaqing Wang, Xiaofeng Liang, Lance E. Rodewald, Zijian Feng, Zundong Yin, Liping Shen
Summary: The epidemiology of hepatitis A in China underwent significant changes from 1990 to 2014. The introduction of the HepA vaccine and improvements in sanitation led to a marked decline in hepatitis A cases, with vaccine-induced immunity replacing disease-induced immunity. Consideration should be given to implementing catch-up HepA campaigns to close the immunity gap in specific birth cohorts.
Article
Ergonomics
Leslie M. Carson, Suzanne M. Marsh, Margaret M. Brown, Katherine L. Elkins, Hope M. Tiesman
Summary: This study characterized suicides among first responders and identified potential opportunities for additional data collection. The results showed that first responders accounted for 1% of all suicides, with over half being law enforcement officers followed by firefighters and EMS clinicians. Some common risk factors for suicide were lower among first responders, and intimate partner problems, job problems, and physical health problems were the most frequent suicide circumstances. It is important to understand these stressors and prevent suicide among this critical workforce.
JOURNAL OF SAFETY RESEARCH
(2023)
Article
Infectious Diseases
Victoria Hernando, Maria Teresa Cuevas, Maria Teresa Perez-Olmeda, Maria Tasias, Mar Vera, Angels Jaen, Alvaro Mena, Inma Jarrin, Asuncion Diaz
Summary: This study used data from the AIDS Research Network cohort (CoRIS) in Spain to estimate the prevalence of recent infection (RI) among people newly diagnosed with HIV. The results showed that factors associated with RI prevalence include being MSM, Spanish or European, having a higher education level, and having a CD4 count above 350 cells/mm3. This is the first nationwide study in Spain to determine RI prevalence using an avidity assay.
INFECTIOUS DISEASES
(2021)
Article
Public, Environmental & Occupational Health
Fadwa Salem Ahmed Al Kalali, Essam Mahyoub, Abdulbary Al-Hammadi, Labiba Anam, Yousef Khader
Summary: The study found that the tuberculosis surveillance system in Yemen had average performance in terms of usefulness (71%), flexibility (75%), acceptability (66%), data quality (67%), and positive predictive value (73%), but poor performance in simplicity (59%) and stability (15%). The system also had good sensitivity (96%). The main weaknesses identified were lack of governmental financial support, a paper-based system, and lack of regular staff training. Developing an electronic system, securing governmental finances, and training the staff on tuberculosis surveillance are strongly recommended to improve the system performance.
JMIR PUBLIC HEALTH AND SURVEILLANCE
(2021)
Article
Infectious Diseases
Kailey Urban, Blain Mamo, Dzung Thai, Alicia Earnest, Emily Jentes
Summary: The study found that the proportion of refugees diagnosed with TB disease significantly reduced after screening using improved overseas protocols.
BMC INFECTIOUS DISEASES
(2022)
Article
Immunology
Mary E. Wikswo, Virginia Roberts, Zachary Marsh, Karunya Manikonda, Brigette Gleason, Anita Kambhampati, Claire Mattison, Laura Calderwood, Neha Balachandran, Cristina Cardemil, Aron J. Hall
Summary: Norovirus caused the most outbreaks, illnesses, hospitalizations, and deaths. Persons in Escherichia coli and Salmonella outbreaks were more likely to be hospitalized or die. Outbreak surveillance provides the relative contributions of each transmission mode and etiology and guides targeted interventions.
CLINICAL INFECTIOUS DISEASES
(2022)
Article
Infectious Diseases
Tao Li, Xiangyu Yan, Xin Du, Fei Huang, Ni Wang, Ni Ni, Jingjuan Ren, Yanlin Zhao, Zhongwei Jia
Summary: This study aimed to investigate the magnitude and main subtypes of extrapulmonary tuberculosis (EPTB) in China. The results showed that EPTB is a significant burden on public health in China, but it is currently not a notifiable infectious disease. EPTB mainly occurs in the respiratory, musculoskeletal, and peripheral lymphatic systems, with higher burden observed in children, female patients, clinically diagnosed patients, provincial and prefectural health facilities, and Central and West China. The study suggests that EPTB should be added to the National Tuberculosis Program and that the diagnosis and treatment capacity for EPTB in primary medical facilities should be strengthened.
INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF INFECTIOUS DISEASES
(2023)
Article
Public, Environmental & Occupational Health
Marie T. Kumerow, Juan L. Rodriguez, Shifan Dai, Katherine Kolor, Melissa Rotunno, Lucy A. Peipins
Summary: Collecting and evaluating family health history in a clinical setting can help discuss cancer risk, personalize cancer screening recommendations, and identify individuals with a potentially pathogenic variant who may benefit from genetic counseling and testing. A survey showed that around one-third of American adults reported a family history of cancer in a first-degree relative. This highlights the importance of using family history to guide discussions between healthcare providers and patients regarding cancer risk and screening options.
PREVENTIVE MEDICINE
(2022)
Article
Engineering, Environmental
Yifei Wang, Lu Liu, Xueqi Qiao, Mei Sun, Junyu Guo, Jianbo Zhang, Bu Zhao
Summary: This study presents a comprehensive projection of HFO emissions in China during 2024-2060, providing scientific support for evaluating the environmental risks of HFOs and developing HFC phase-out pathways for addressing climate change. The use and environmental impacts of HFOs, as substitutes for potent greenhouse gas hydrofluorocarbons (HFCs), are of great concern due to the rapid degradation of HFOs to produce persistent and phytotoxic trifluoroacetic acid (TFA). High HFO emissions would mainly be distributed in the North China Plain and the eastern and coastal areas.
ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY
(2023)
Article
Environmental Sciences
Guoao Li, Huabing Wu, Qi Zhong, Jialiu He, Wanjun Yang, Jinliang Zhu, Huanhuan Zhao, Hanshuang Zhang, Zhenyu Zhu, Fen Huang
Summary: This study found that six air pollutants in rural areas of Anhui Province are important risk factors for deaths, with PM2.5 and PM10 having a considerable impact on the elderly population.
ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH
(2022)
Article
Public, Environmental & Occupational Health
Deepkanwar Singh Panag, Nityanand Jain, Dimitra Katagi, Gabriela De Jesus Cipriano Flores, Gabriela Dias Silva Dutra Macedo, Gonzalo Rodrigo Diaz Villa, Mathieu Yeche, Saydi Yusveni Velazquez Merida, Sreerag Kapparath, Zilfi Sert, Aigars Reinis
Summary: To support case reporting and surveillance, standardized case definitions for monkeypox have been released by WHO. However, there are differences in the definitions adapted by different countries, leading to heterogeneity in the collected data. This study highlights the need for homogenization in implementing these guidelines to improve data quality and aid targeted interventions.
FRONTIERS IN PUBLIC HEALTH
(2023)
Article
Respiratory System
Nora Fritschi, Axel J. Schmidt, Jurg Hammer, Nicole Ritz
Summary: The study evaluated the incidence rates and diagnostic pathways of pediatric TB in Switzerland, with higher rates among foreign-born children peaking in 2016. Most foreign-born children were diagnosed with TB within 2 years of arrival in Switzerland, indicating a higher risk of TB disease in the early period after arrival, especially during the peak refugee influx in Europe.
Article
Environmental Sciences
Guoao Li, Huanhuan Zhao, Mingjun Hu, Jialiu He, Wanjun Yang, Hanshuang Zhang, Zhenyu Zhu, Jinliang Zhu, Fen Huang
Summary: Air pollutants, particularly PM2.5, PM10, and SO2, have a significant impact on cardiovascular disease mortality in rural areas, with the elderly being more susceptible.
ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH
(2022)
Article
Infectious Diseases
Wei Su, Yun-Zhou Ruan, Tao Li, Xin Du, Jia-Wen Jiang, Ren-Zhong Li
Summary: Since 2015, China has significantly increased the screening rate and number of RR-TB cases after changing the RR-TB detection strategy. Rapid molecular tools are now predominantly used for RR testing, but comprehensive measures are needed to close the gap in the detection of RR-TB cases.
INFECTIOUS DISEASES OF POVERTY
(2021)
Article
Public, Environmental & Occupational Health
Rajani Ranganath, Hemant Deepak Shewade, Abdul K. Bahadur, Venkatesh Naik, Sharath Burugina Nagaraja, Ajay M. Kumar, Basavaraj Peerapur, Surendra Babu, N. Somshekhar, Anil Singarajipur
Summary: The implementation of universal drug susceptibility testing (UDST) using rapid genotypic tests in India showed gaps in completion rates and detection of 'rapid DST-negative, smear-positive' cases, indicating the need for further improvement and attention to these issues.
TRANSACTIONS OF THE ROYAL SOCIETY OF TROPICAL MEDICINE AND HYGIENE
(2022)
Article
Environmental Sciences
Gladys Nanilla Kamara, Stephen Sevalie, Bailah Molleh, Zikan Koroma, Christiana Kallon, Anna Maruta, Ibrahim Franklyn Kamara, Joseph Sam Kanu, Julian S. O. Campbell, Hemant Deepak Shewade, Saskia van Henten, Anthony D. Harries
Summary: Hand hygiene compliance is sub-optimal, especially before patient contact or clean/aseptic procedures. Improvement is needed through locally adapted training, hand hygiene reminders, uninterrupted provision of hand rub, and innovative approaches to behavior change.
INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH
(2022)
Article
Environmental Sciences
Julian S. O. Campbell, Saskia van Henten, Zikan Koroma, Ibrahim Franklyn Kamara, Gladys N. Kamara, Hemant Deepak Shewade, Anthony D. Harries
Summary: Limited information exists about the use of microbiology laboratory services in patients with suspected urinary tract infections (UTIs) in sub-Saharan Africa. This cross-sectional study assessed the utilization of urine culture in patients with suspected UTI in two tertiary hospitals in Sierra Leone and determined patterns of antimicrobial resistance among bacterial isolates. The findings underscore the importance of improving the utilization of clinical microbiology services to guide antibiotic stewardship and monitor resistance patterns.
INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH
(2022)
Article
Public, Environmental & Occupational Health
Bharatkumar Hargovandas Patel, Hemant Deepak Shewade, Kajal Bhagavanjibhai Davara, Kedar Gautambhai Mehta, Bhavesh Vitthalbhai Modi, Monark Jitendrabhai Vyas, Hosadurga Jagadish Deepak Murthy, Basavarajachar Vanitha, Ajay M. Kumar
Summary: A study conducted in Gujarat, India, revealed that it is feasible to screen for severe illness in patients with tuberculosis (TB). The burden of high risk for severe illness was found to be high among the notified adult patients.
TRANSACTIONS OF THE ROYAL SOCIETY OF TROPICAL MEDICINE AND HYGIENE
(2022)
Article
Environmental Sciences
Francis Kwame Morgan Tetteh, Raymond Fatchu, Kingsley Ackah, Trudy Janice Philips, Hemant Deepak Shewade, Ama Pokuaa Fenny, Collins Timire, Jeffrey Karl Edwards, Emmanuel Abbeyquaye Parbie
Summary: This study examined the bacterial profile, antibiotic resistance pattern, and laboratory result turnaround time in neonates with suspected sepsis in a military hospital in Accra, Ghana. The study found that the median turnaround time for culture-positive neonates was three days, while it was five days for culture-negative neonates. Gram-positive bacterial infection, particularly coagulase-negative Staphylococcus and Staphylococcus aureus, were the most common causes of culture-positive neonatal sepsis. There is a need for improved infection prevention and control, along with antimicrobial resistance surveillance and antibiotic stewardship.
INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH
(2022)
Article
Public, Environmental & Occupational Health
Hemant Deepak Shewade, Asha Frederick, Madhanraj Kalyanasundaram, Joshua Chadwick, G. Kiruthika, T. Daniel Rajasekar, K. Gayathri, R. Vijayaprabha, R. Sabarinathan, Shri Vijay Bala Yogendra Shivakumar, Kathiresan Jeyashree, P. K. Bhavani, S. Aarthi, K. Suma, Delphina Peter Pathinathan, Raghavan Parthasarathy, M. Bhavani Nivetha, Jerome G. Thampi, Deiveegan Chidambaram, Tarun Bhatnagar, S. Lokesh, Shanmugasundaram Devika, Timothy S. Laux, Stalin Viswanathan, R. Sridhar, K. Krishnamoorthy, M. Sakthivel, S. Karunakaran, S. Rajkumar, M. Ramachandran, K. D. Kanagaraj, M. Kaleeswari, V. P. Durai, R. Saravanan, A. Sugantha, S. Zufire Hassan Mohamed Khan, P. Sangeetha, R. Vasudevan, R. Nedunchezhian, M. Sankari, N. Jeevanandam, S. Ganapathy, V Rajasekaran, T. Mathavi, A. R. Rajaprakash, Lakshmi Murali, U. Pugal, K. Sundaralingam, S. Savithri, S. Vellasamy, D. Dheenadayal, P. Ashok, K. Jayasree, R. Sudhakar, K. P. Rajan, N. Tharageshwari, D. Chokkalingam, S. M. Anandrajkumar, T. S. Selvavinayagam, C. Padmapriyadarsini, Ranjani Ramachandran, Manoj Murhekar
Summary: Due to workload and lack of trained operational researchers, health systems and programs may need technical support from research/academic organizations in conducting operational research. This study shares the experience of implementing a differentiated TB care model with an operational research component in Tamil Nadu, India. The learnings include principles for OR, strategic planning tips, and implementation planning strategies, which can guide other states and countries in implementing differentiated care.
GLOBAL HEALTH ACTION
(2023)
Article
Public, Environmental & Occupational Health
Hemant Deepak Shewade, Asha Frederick, G. Kiruthika, Madhanraj Kalyanasundaram, Joshua Chadwick, T. Daniel Rajasekar, K. Gayathri, R. Vijayaprabha, R. Sabarinathan, Jeyashree Kathiresan, P. K. Bhavani, S. Aarthi, K. V. Suma, Delphina Peter Pathinathan, Raghavan Parthasarathy, M. Bhavani Nivetha, Jerome G. Thampi, Deiveegan Chidambaram, Tarun Bhatnagar, S. Lokesh, Shanmugasundaram Devika, Timothy S. Laux, Stalin Viswanathan, R. Sridhar, K. Krishnamoorthy, M. Sakthivel, S. Karunakaran, S. Rajkumar, M. Ramachandran, K. D. Kanagaraj, M. Kaleeswari, V. P. Durai, R. Saravanan, A. Sugantha, S. Zufire Hassan Mohamed Khan, P. Sangeetha, R. Vasudevan, R. Nedunchezhian, M. Sankari, N. Jeevanandam, S. Ganapathy, V Rajasekaran, T. Mathavi, A. R. Rajaprakash, Lakshmi Murali, U. Pugal, K. Sundaralingam, S. Savithri, S. Vellasamy, D. Dheenadayal, P. Ashok, K. Jayasree, R. Sudhakar, K. P. Rajan, N. Tharageshwari, D. Chokkalingam, S. M. Anandrajkumar, T. S. Selvavinayagam, C. Padmapriyadarshini, Ranjani Ramachandran, Manoj V. Murhekara
Summary: In order to reduce TB deaths in areas with limited resources, a differentiated care strategy called TN-KET was implemented in Tamil Nadu, India starting from April 2022. This strategy aims to triage high-risk patients at diagnosis and refer them for comprehensive assessment and inpatient care. During the first quarter of implementation, it was found that most severely ill patients were successfully assessed and admitted, but there were some delays and predictors of losses in the care cascade that need to be addressed for improvement.
GLOBAL HEALTH-SCIENCE AND PRACTICE
(2023)
Article
Public, Environmental & Occupational Health
Isabel Cristina Hurtado, Sandra Valencia, Elisa Maria Pinzon, Maria Cristina Lesmes, Mauro Sanchez, Jaime Rodriguez, Brindis Ochoa, Hemant Deepak Shewade, Jeffrey K. Edwards, Katrina Hann, Mohammed Khogali
Summary: This study assessed changes in antibiotic resistance and consumption of antibiotics during the COVID-19 pandemic in 31 hospitals in Valle del Cauca, Colombia. Resistance decreased for four bug-drug combinations, but increased for vancomycin. Antibiotic consumption increased overall, but decreased for meropenem in intensive care units.
REVISTA PANAMERICANA DE SALUD PUBLICA-PAN AMERICAN JOURNAL OF PUBLIC HEALTH
(2023)
Article
Public, Environmental & Occupational Health
Luisa Moyano Ariza, Brindis Ochoa, Hemant D. Shewade, Jeffrey K. Edwards, Julian Trujillo Trujillo, Claudia M. Cuellar, Jaime Rodriguez, Katrina Hann, Mauro Sanchez
Summary: This study assessed the level of adherence to clinical guidelines in prescribing amoxicillin to children younger than 5 years with pneumonia in outpatient settings in Colombia from 2017 to 2019, and identified the factors associated with adherence. The results showed that the adherence to guidelines for outpatient treatment of children with bacterial pneumonia was low, while it was higher for viral pneumonia.
REVISTA PANAMERICANA DE SALUD PUBLICA-PAN AMERICAN JOURNAL OF PUBLIC HEALTH
(2023)
Article
Public, Environmental & Occupational Health
Hemant Deepak Shewade, G. Kiruthika, Prabhadevi Ravichandran, Swati Iyer, Aniket Chowdhury, S. Kiran Pradeep, Kathiresan Jeyashree, S. Devika, Joshua Chadwick, Jeromie Wesley Vivian, Dheeraj Tumu, Amar N. Shah, Bhavin Vadera, Venkatesh Roddawar, Sanjay K. Mattoo, Kiran Rade, Raghuram Rao, Manoj V. Murhekar
Summary: This study examined the implementation of active case-finding (ACF) for tuberculosis (TB) in India among high-risk populations in 2021. The results showed that only one ACF cycle was implemented with sub-optimal quality indicators. The study recommends reducing losses between screening and testing, improving data quality, and increasing awareness of the importance of meeting all ACF quality indicators.
GLOBAL HEALTH ACTION
(2023)
Article
Infectious Diseases
Matilda N. Kamara, Sulaiman Lakoh, Christiana Kallon, Joseph Sam Kanu, Rugiatu Z. Kamara, Ibrahim Franklyn Kamara, Matilda Mattu Moiwo, Satta S. T. K. Kpagoi, Olukemi Adekanmbi, Marcel Manzi, Bobson Derrick Fofanah, Hemant Deepak Shewade
Summary: Hand hygiene is crucial for preventing healthcare-associated infections. This study examined the changes in hand hygiene practices and promotion in 13 public hospitals in Sierra Leone following the implementation of recommendations from an operational research study. The findings revealed that the hand hygiene score decreased for secondary hospitals but increased for tertiary hospitals. Training and education, as well as reminders in the workplace, showed a decrease in scores, while system change and institutional safety climate domains had increased scores. Limited resources for hand hygiene promotion and lack of budgetary support and patient engagement programs are persistent gaps that need to be addressed.
TROPICAL MEDICINE AND INFECTIOUS DISEASE
(2023)
Article
Infectious Diseases
Matilda Mattu Moiwo, Gladys Nanilla Kamara, Dauda Kamara, Ibrahim Franklyn Kamara, Stephen Sevalie, Zikan Koroma, Kadijatu Nabie Kamara, Matilda N. Kamara, Rugiatu Z. Kamara, Satta Sylvia Theresa Kumba Kpagoi, Samuel Alie Konteh, Senesie Margao, Bobson Derrick Fofanah, Fawzi Thomas, Joseph Sam Kanu, Hannock M. Tweya, Hemant Deepak Shewade, Anthony David Harries
Summary: An operational research study in 2021 provided recommendations to improve hand hygiene compliance in two tertiary hospitals. A follow-up study conducted between February and April 2023 showed that overall hand hygiene compliance improved in Connaught Hospital but decreased in 34 Military Hospital. The improvements in Connaught Hospital were attributed to more reminders, better infrastructure, and frequent supervision assessments, while the interventions in 34 Military Hospital were less effective, possibly due to hospital reconstruction.
TROPICAL MEDICINE AND INFECTIOUS DISEASE
(2023)
Article
Genetics & Heredity
Ana Lokmer, Charanraj Goud Alladi, Rejane Troudet, Delphine Bacq-Daian, Anne Boland-Auge, Violaine Latapie, Jean-Francois Deleuze, Ravi Philip RajKumar, Deepak Gopal Shewade, Frank Belivier, Cynthia Marie-Claire, Stephane Jamain
Summary: The use of antipsychotic medication to treat schizophrenia is not always effective for all patients. Researchers have analyzed the blood DNA of patients and identified specific marks that could serve as biomarkers of antipsychotic response. Although specific predictive marks were not identified, valuable targets for future research have been identified.
Article
Primary Health Care
Akash Ranjan Singh, Vikrant Kabirpanthi, Anshuman Sonare, Pragati Chavan, Mohd Ashraf, Hemant D. Shewade
Summary: This study explored the challenges faced by COVID-19 vaccinators in district Shahdol, Central India through a one-day workshop. The findings revealed that overtime duty and lack of holidays were identified as the top challenges by the vaccinators, who also expected monetary incentives. Other challenges mentioned include conflicts in the vaccination schedule, insufficient facilities at vaccination sites, and issues related to digital data handling. The study recommends improving basic amenities, strengthening community engagement, providing monetary incentives, and enhancing the ecosystem for digital data handling.
JOURNAL OF FAMILY MEDICINE AND PRIMARY CARE
(2022)
Article
Oncology
Ashok Kalidindi, Biswajit Dubashi, M. Jayanthi, D. G. Shewade
Summary: This study investigated the efficacy and safety of CAPOX treatment for colorectal cancer in a non-clinical setting. The results showed that CAPOX treatment had significant effects on disease-free survival and overall survival in both adjuvant and palliative settings, but also had some dose-limiting toxicities.
INDIAN JOURNAL OF CANCER
(2022)