Article
Agricultural Engineering
Rajnish Kumar Singh, Trilok Patil, Deeksha Pandey, Ashish N. Sawarkar
Summary: Thermogravimetric analysis, characterization, kinetic and thermodynamic analyses were conducted on mustard oil residue, revealing a statistically insignificant variation in activation energy and a pyrolytic temperature range of 234 to 417 degrees C. The study predicted reaction mechanisms and showed that endothermicity increased with conversion.
BIORESOURCE TECHNOLOGY
(2021)
Review
Chemistry, Analytical
Vahid Mortezaeikia, Omid Tavakoli, Mohammad Saleh Khodaparasti
Summary: The importance of balancing consumption and recycling to manage the life cycle of plastics wastes is evident. Pyrolysis is a promising way to thermal degradation of plastics for energy recovery and production of value-added materials. Comprehensive studies on kinetic methods and models are necessary to accurately describe waste plastics degradation.
JOURNAL OF ANALYTICAL AND APPLIED PYROLYSIS
(2021)
Article
Engineering, Chemical
Guohai Jia
Summary: The research reveals that the five types of biomass pellet fuels have good combustion characteristics and kinetic properties, with fitting results closely matching experimental results. The activation energy remains consistent across different stages for each sample.
Article
Energy & Fuels
Mudassir Hussain Tahir, Imtiaz Ali, Esma Yeliz Kaya, Selim Ceylan
Summary: The thermal conversion of waste furniture boards (WFB) was investigated using a coupled TG-FTIR system under inert atmosphere at different heating rates. Kinetic analysis revealed an average activation energy (Ea) of 175.91 (+/- 3.50), 171.41 (+/- 5.01), and 172.70 (+/- 5.06) kJ/mol, calculated using three model-free methods. Distribution of activation energy (DAEM) analysis indicated that the pyrolytic conversion of WFB is endothermic but favorable. A neural network model accurately predicted the thermal degradation, with a mean square error (MSE) of 0.3694 and adjusted R2 value of 0.9686. Pyrolysis of WFB produced molecules with -OH and -COOH functional groups, as well as small gas molecules such as CH4, CO2, and H2O.
Article
Engineering, Environmental
Naif Raja, Gloria M. Monsalve-Bravo, Yusuf Valentino Kaneti, Jim Mensah, Karen Wilson, Adam F. Lee, Muxina Konarova
Summary: Thermal pyrolysis of organic components in municipal solid waste (MSW) offers a scalable route to liquid fuels, but requires deep insight into thermochemistry and kinetics. This study investigates the (catalytic) pyrolysis of a model MSW feedstock using thermogravimetric analysis (TGA) and kinetic modeling. Catalytic pyrolysis is sensitive to the catalyst:feedstock mass ratio, and selecting the appropriate heating rate is crucial for catalyst selection and process optimization.
CHEMICAL ENGINEERING JOURNAL
(2023)
Article
Energy & Fuels
Muhammad Sajjad Ahmad, Jiri Jaromir Klemes, Hesham Alhumade, Ali Elkamel, Abid Mahmood, Boxiong Shen, Muhammad Ibrahim, Ahmad Mukhtar, Sidra Saqib, Saira Asif, Awais Bokhari
Summary: The study evaluated the feasibility of using Maple Leaf Waste (MLW) to produce biofuel-bioenergy and chemicals for the first time. By analyzing different degradation stages and temperatures, it was determined that the pyrolysis temperature range for maximum bioenergy production is from 200 degrees C to 430 degrees C. The findings show that MLW has significant potential for bioenergy production and is suitable for co-pyrolysis with other waste and biomass feedstock.
Article
Energy & Fuels
Roberto Palos, Elena Rodriguez, Alazne Gutierrez, Javier Bilbao, Jose M. Arandes
Summary: The study has calculated the parameters of a 6-lump kinetic model for catalytic cracking of tire pyrolysis oil in industrial fluid catalytic cracking (FCC) conditions. The results show that heavy cycle oil (HCO) plays a significant role in conversion levels below 80%, while light cycle oil (LCO) and naphtha over-crack at higher conversion levels, leading to increased yields of LPG, dry gas, and coke.
Article
Green & Sustainable Science & Technology
Satyajit Pattanayak, Chanchal Loha, Rohit Kumar Singh, Dipankar Saha
Summary: In India, bamboo is abundant and can be considered as a potential source of energy. This study investigates the co-pyrolysis of bamboo with polyethylene and polypropylene, and finds that the combination of 75% biomass with 25% polypropylene or polyethylene exhibits maximum synergistic effect. The optimum blending ratio of bamboo and waste plastics for the co-pyrolysis process is also determined.
SUSTAINABLE ENERGY TECHNOLOGIES AND ASSESSMENTS
(2023)
Article
Chemistry, Analytical
Shengxiong Huang, Yifeng Su, Wei Luo, Qian He, Sheng Huang, Nan Zhou, Zhi Zhou
Summary: The study found that catalysts can reduce the activation energy of pyrolysis reactions, but the activation energy of the reaction will increase sharply after the conversion rate exceeds 0.7. Compared to the group without catalyst, adding catalysts can inhibit gas generation but promote bio-oil production and char formation. Furthermore, the surface of the char is smoother with catalysts and enriched with metals like Ni, Fe, Cu, and Co, which could potentially be reused as catalytic agents.
JOURNAL OF ANALYTICAL AND APPLIED PYROLYSIS
(2021)
Article
Energy & Fuels
Chengyu Li, Jun Zhang, Rui Shan, Haoran Yuan, Yong Chen
Summary: In this study, the kinetics of waste mixed cloth (WMC) pyrolysis catalyzed by carbon-based solid acids derived from antibiotic residue were investigated. The results showed that carbon-based solid phosphoric acids significantly reduced the activation energy of the main reaction of WMC pyrolysis and the catalytic reaction depended on both phase boundary control and diffusion control. The findings provide a reference for the application of carbon-based solid acids in the pyrolysis of waste mixed cloth.
Article
Thermodynamics
M. S. Gad, O. S. Abu-Elyazeed, M. A. Mohamed, A. M. Hashim
Summary: This study investigated the effect of pyrolysis oil from waste cooking oil on diesel engine performance and emissions, finding that oil blends with diesel can lead to changes in combustion characteristics and emissions. Pyrolysis oil can be used as an alternative fuel to diesel in suitable proportions, although high blend ratios may result in decreased engine performance.
Article
Energy & Fuels
Samar Elkhalifa, Sabah Mariyam, Hamish R. Mackey, Tareq Al-Ansari, Gordon McKay, Prakash Parthasarathy
Summary: This study investigates the pyrolytic degradation of kitchen vegetable waste, demonstrating its viability as a waste management alternative and an effective and sustainable source of pyrogas.
Article
Chemistry, Physical
Fernanda Pimenta, Elmis Filho, Angelo Diniz, Marcos A. S. Barrozo
Summary: This study investigated the microwave-assisted pyrolysis of brewer's spent grain to produce liquid products. The results showed that high temperature and the addition of catalyst improved both the yield and quality of the liquid product. At the optimum conditions, the liquid product contained aromatic hydrocarbons, which are of great interest to the industry.
Article
Environmental Sciences
Samy Yousef, Justas Eimontas, Nerijus Striugas, Mohammed Ali Abdelnaby
Summary: This research aims to study the effect of aluminum leaching pre-treatment on the catalytic pyrolysis of metallised food packaging plastics waste. The results show that leaching and catalytic pyrolysis processes can convert MFPW into high-added energy and chemical products.
SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT
(2022)
Article
Thermodynamics
Mehrdad Seifali Abbas-Abadi, Kevin M. Van Geem, Maryam Fathi, Hossein Bazgir, Mohammad Ghadiri
Summary: The pyrolysis of Iranian oak wood and waste plastics using different zeolite catalysts and ratios showed that pressurized pyrolysis with HZSM-5 catalyst provided the best de-oxygenation performance. During thermal pyrolysis, the melt polymer from plastics covered oak particles and formed a coke layer, increasing the thermal stability of remaining lignin.
Article
Engineering, Environmental
Xiaojian Liu, Bei Wang, Yayun Ma, Xiangyang Zhou, Juan Yang, Yuehui He, Jingjing Tang, Fanyun Su, Wan Yang
Summary: This study proposes a combined process of reduction roasting of herb-medicine residue and oxalic acid leaching to improve the recovery efficiency of lithium from spent lithium-ion batteries. By utilizing the reducing gas produced from the pyrolysis of herb-medicine residue, the layered structure of the cathode powder is destroyed and converted into Li2CO3, Ni, Co, and MnO. Additionally, selective extraction of lithium is achieved using oxalic acid, and the efficiency and kinetics of lithium extraction are improved under the combined action of herb-medicine residue and oxalic acid.
Article
Engineering, Environmental
Muxina Konarova, Nuno Batalha, Gabriel Fraga, Mohamed H. M. Ahmed, Steven Pratt, Bronwyn Laycock
Summary: This study presents a proof of concept for a technology that integrates PET recovery from mixed plastic waste and plastic pyrolysis. By depolymerizing PET into TPA using a low volatility oil as medium, it achieves low-pressure operation and a selective separation and recovery of TPA from the product mix. Full PET conversion and high TPA recovery were achieved, making it an effective solution for processing mixed waste streams and improving the yield and quality of liquid product from thermal pyrolysis compared to untreated feedstock.
Article
Engineering, Environmental
Zhenhua Sun, Jing Li, Xuejiang Wang, Siqing Xia, Jianfu Zhao
Summary: This study investigated the influence of in-situ formed MgFe2O4 on the hydrothermal treatment of swine manure. The results showed that the in-situ formation of MgFe2O4 improved the dehydration and decarboxylation of organic components in swine manure, thereby improving its carbonization degree. Furthermore, it enhanced the stabilization of heavy metals and the retention of phosphorus. MgFe2O4 modified hydrochars exhibited remarkable adsorption capacity for Pb(II) and Cu(II) without any leaching of heavy metals.
Article
Engineering, Environmental
Yijing Jiang, Boyang Leng, Jingxin Xi
Summary: The increased generation of municipal solid waste has had a significant impact on the economy, environment, and public health. The current waste treatment process has limitations. By developing a comprehensive social costing model, this study assesses the impacts of municipal solid waste management throughout its life cycle and provides policymakers with best practices and feasibility information.
Article
Engineering, Environmental
Marina Hernandes de Paula e Silva, Ricardo Coser Mergulha, Jose Geraldo Vidal Vieira, Andrea Brasco Pampanelli, Rodrigo Salvador, Diogo Aparecido Lopes Silva
Summary: This study developed and implemented a self-assessment tool to assist companies in decision-making processes for establishing circular flows based on Lean Manufacturing and Circular Economy principles. The tool utilized a maturity model and was applied to nine companies of varying characteristics. The findings revealed that certain companies showed higher maturity in water-waste and chemical-emissions management, with larger enterprises focusing on these strategies. However, many companies lacked sufficient training and employee awareness prior to seeking cleaner alternatives, and comprehensive actions to manage the product lifecycle were lacking. To address these gaps, the tool provided tailored recommendations for each company to improve their processes, products, and value chain.
Article
Engineering, Environmental
Gamze Dogdu, Turgay Pekdemir, Sanaz Lakestani, Seyda Karabork, Osman Cavus
Summary: This paper presents data on food waste associated with mini size food packaging services, highlighting the difficulties in emptying the food and consumer wastefulness as the main causes. These findings have significant implications for the sustainability of food and relevant packaging.
Article
Engineering, Environmental
Qingxia Li, Xin Kong, Yuxin Chen, Jianan Niu, Jia Jing, Jin Yuan, Yifeng Zhang
Summary: This study investigates how to enhance methane production from food waste after hydrothermal pretreatment. The results demonstrate a significant increase in methane yield when zero-valent iron and magnetite are used together, and high organic loading is favorable for methane production. Microbial diversity analysis further reveals the dominant pathways and metabolic processes involved in methane generation.
Article
Engineering, Environmental
D. H. H. Sim, I. A. W. Tan, L. L. P. Lim, E. T. Lau, B. H. Hameed
Summary: The development of controlled-release fertilizer formulation is important for preventing environmental pollution caused by nutrient leaching and volatilization. This study combined biochar-based fertilizer with encapsulation technology to improve the nutrient release mechanism. Optimal conditions for synthesizing urea-impregnated biochar (UIB) were determined using central composite design, and the release of nitrogen was described by mathematical models. Results showed that encapsulated UIB (EUIB) achieved complete release of nitrogen in water and exhibited improved water retention in sandy-textural soil. Therefore, EUIB derived from peppercorn waste has the potential to be used as a sustainable controlled-release fertilizer for agriculture.
Article
Engineering, Environmental
Yuchuan Wang, Neslihan Akdeniz
Summary: Incorporating biochar into composting systems can increase compost temperatures. This study developed a heat transfer model for a biochar-amended co-composting system and found that biochar increased thermal conductive losses but also enhanced microbial activity, resulting in an overall increase in total heat unit. When biochar was applied on the surface, it mainly functioned as an insulator.
Article
Engineering, Environmental
George Tsalis, Birger Boutrup Jensen, Jessica Aschemann-Witzel
Summary: This paper empirically explores the relationship between retail price promotions and household food waste. The results show that households with a higher proportion of discount food purchases and environmental awareness tend to waste less food, while larger households and those lacking food handling skills tend to waste more food.
Article
Engineering, Environmental
Lukas Friederici, Arne Koch, Patrick Martens, Jana Pantzke, Sebastiano Di Bucchianico, Thorsten Streibel, Christopher P. Rueger, Ralf Zimmermann
Summary: The increasing demand for lightweight materials has led to a rise in fiber-reinforced plastic (FRP) production. However, the properties and compositional range of FRPs pose challenges to recycling strategies. Pyrolysis has emerged as a promising method for separating the fibers from the polymer matrix. This study investigated the pyrolysis process using thermal analysis and high-resolution mass spectrometry, and also assessed the toxicity of the recovered fibers using an in vitro model.
Review
Engineering, Environmental
Devika Kannan, Shakiba Khademolqorani, Nassibeh Janatyan, Somaieh Alavi
Summary: This paper introduces Smart Waste Management (SWM) that applies Industry 4.0 technologies in waste management. A framework called SWM4.0 is developed, which highlights the importance of smart people, smart cities, smart enterprises, and smart factories in achieving successful waste management. The paper also suggests future research directions and managerial implications.