Analysis of Secondary and Tertiary High-Pressure Gas Injection at Different Miscibility Conditions: Mechanistic Study

In the current survey, the time required to rupture the water film shielding the oil as a result of oil swelling caused by the diffusion of dissolved gas in the water phase and trapped oil behind it has been investigated in porous medium at high pressure and temperature. To study the active mechanisms, the experiments have been conducted with two different types of injectants: carbon dioxide (CO2) and methane (with different solubility in water), under different miscibility conditions at equal reduced pressures. Experimental observations have been interpreted using theoretical studies. Furthermore, the time of water-film rupture has been identified in production data and matched by an analytical model. This time and its monitoring during various gas-injectant types and regimes under reservoir conditions have not been previously addressed. The results show that water film reduces the performance of oil recovery by limiting the interface of oil and gas phases. Under such a condition, the best scenario is miscible gas injection because the gas can effectively swell the oil and rupture the water shield. At miscible and near-miscible conditions, the time required to eliminate the water film increases as the injectant solubility in water decreases; however, there is a negligible difference at the immiscible regime. The trend of oil-recovery curves after rupture of the water film shows that oil swelling is one of the main mechanisms involved in water-trapped oil recovery. These results suggest practical guidelines to better understand the effect of the water-shielding phenomenon in the field of tertiary gas injection. The outcome of this integrated study could effectively increase the knowledge of shielded oil recovery using different gas-injectant types under various miscibility conditions and could prepare the required basis for compositional simulation of waterflooded oil production during tertiary gas injection.