Article
Gastroenterology & Hepatology
Biyao Zou, Michelle C. Odden, Mindie H. Nguyen
Summary: Recent evidence suggests potential clinical benefits of statin in cancer chemoprevention and treatment. This study aimed to investigate the association between statin initiation and the risk of HCC among patients with NAFLD.
CLINICAL GASTROENTEROLOGY AND HEPATOLOGY
(2023)
Review
Biology
Riccardo Nevola, Giovanni Tortorella, Valerio Rosato, Luca Rinaldi, Simona Imbriani, Pasquale Perillo, Davide Mastrocinque, Marco La Montagna, Antonio Russo, Giovanni Di Lorenzo, Maria Alfano, Maria Rocco, Carmen Ricozzi, Klodian Gjeloshi, Ferdinando Carlo Sasso, Raffaele Marfella, Aldo Marrone, Loreta Anesti Kondili, Nicolino Esposito, Ernesto Claar, Domenico Cozzolino
Summary: Significant gender disparities exist in the incidence of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC), which can be attributed to the different distribution of risk factors and the actions of sex hormones. Accurate knowledge of these disparities can lead to appropriate surveillance strategies and implementation of effective treatment schemes.
Review
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Deniz Tuemen, Philipp Heumann, Karsten Guelow, Cagla-Nur Demirci, Lidia-Sabina Cosma, Martina Mueller, Arne Kandulski
Summary: This article introduces the molecular pathogenesis of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC), including various etiological risk factors and related molecular mechanisms of HCC initiation and progression. The treatment sequences for early and advanced tumor stages are summarized according to the Barcelona Clinic Liver Cancer classification system and the algorithm of systemic therapy. Additionally, novel precautional and pre-therapeutic approaches such as therapeutic vaccination, adoptive cell transfer, and non-coding RNA-based therapy are discussed as promising treatment options for HCC.
Review
Oncology
Blanca Cucarull, Anna Tutusaus, Patricia Rider, Tania Hernaez-Alsina, Carlos Cuno, Pablo Garcia de Frutos, Anna Colell, Montserrat Mari, Albert Morales
Summary: Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is the most common form of liver cancer with poor prognosis and increasing incidence. Recent advances in systemic treatment options, including tyrosine kinase inhibitors, antiangiogenic antibodies, and immune checkpoint inhibitors, have provided hope for HCC patients. Understanding the specific molecular mechanisms that influence tumor growth and immune control in HCC is crucial for physician decision-making and developing effective treatments.
Review
Gastroenterology & Hepatology
Josep M. Llovet, Catherine E. Willoughby, Amit G. Singal, Tim F. Greten, Mathias Heikenwaelder, Hashem B. El-Serag, Richard S. Finn, Scott L. Friedman
Summary: Nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD), including its more severe manifestation, nonalcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH), has a global prevalence of 20-25% and is a major public health problem. NASH-HCC, influenced by factors such as the immune microenvironment, PNPLA3 mutations, and the microbiome, has unique characteristics compared to other types of HCC and affects both men and women equally. The management of NASH-HCC involves surgery, locoregional therapies, and systemic therapies, with the future focus being on improving surveillance, developing targeted combination therapies, and identifying biomarkers for treatment responders.
NATURE REVIEWS GASTROENTEROLOGY & HEPATOLOGY
(2023)
Article
Medicine, General & Internal
Dongsub Jeon, Hye Ryeong Cha, Sung Won Chung, Jonggi Choi, Danbi Lee, Ju Hyun Shim, Kang Mo Kim, Young-Suk Lim, Han Chu Lee, Seung Won Lee, Won-Mook Choi
Summary: This study investigated the effect of statin use on the prognosis of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) patients after hepatic resection. Data from nationwide and hospital cohorts in Korea were analyzed. The findings suggest that statin use is associated with a better prognosis, with improved recurrence-free survival and overall survival. This association is particularly significant in non-cirrhotic patients, tumors larger than or equal to 3 cm, tumors with microscopic vascular invasion, or early HCC recurrence.
Article
Cell Biology
Naoto Fujiwara, Naoto Kubota, Emilie Crouchet, Bhuvaneswari Koneru, Cesia A. Marquez, Arun K. Jajoriya, Gayatri Panda, Tongqi Qian, Shijia Zhu, Nicolas Goossens, Xiaochen Wang, Shuang Liang, Zhenyu Zhong, Sara Lewis, Bachir Taouli, Myron E. Schwartz, Maria Isabel Fiel, Amit G. Singal, Jorge A. Marrero, Austin J. Fobar, Neehar D. Parikh, Indu Raman, Quan-Zhen Li, Masataka Taguri, Atsushi Ono, Hiroshi Aikata, Takashi Nakahara, Hayato Nakagawa, Yuki Matsushita, Ryosuke Tateishi, Kazuhiko Koike, Masahiro Kobayashi, Takaaki Higashi, Shigeki Nakagawa, Yo-ichi Yamashita, Toru Beppu, Hideo Baba, Hiromitsu Kumada, Kazuaki Chayama, Thomas F. Baumert, Yujin Hoshida
Summary: This study analyzed multiple cohorts of NAFLD patients globally to define and validate signatures predictive of long-term HCC risk in NAFLD patients. These signatures can accurately predict the risk of developing HCC in patients and provide assistance for clinical treatment.
SCIENCE TRANSLATIONAL MEDICINE
(2022)
Article
Gastroenterology & Hepatology
Won-Mook Choi, Gi-Ae Kim, Jonggi Choi, Gwang Hyeon Choi, Yun Bin Lee, Dong Hyun Sinn, Young-Suk Lim
Summary: This study aimed to investigate the association between baseline HBV viral load and on-treatment HCC risk in patients with CHB without cirrhosis. The study found that patients with moderate baseline viral load had the highest HCC risk.
Review
Oncology
Xinhe Zhang, Lin Guan, Haoyu Tian, Zilu Zeng, Jiayu Chen, Die Huang, Ji Sun, Jiaqi Guo, Huipeng Cui, Yiling Li
Summary: HCC is a common cancer with increasing incidence caused by HBV and HCV infections, liver cirrhosis, and metabolic risk factors. Predictive factors can assess the risk of HCC, and prevention strategies include vaccination, antiviral treatment, and HCC management to reduce recurrence.
FRONTIERS IN ONCOLOGY
(2021)
Article
Oncology
Shih-Yu Yang, Chih-Chi Wang, Kuang-Den Chen, Yueh-Wei Liu, Chih-Che Lin, Ching-Hui Chuang, Yu-Chieh Tsai, Chih-Chien Yao, Yi-Hao Yen, Chang-Chun Hsiao, Tsung-Hui Hu, Ming-Chao Tsai
Summary: This study revealed that statin use may have a chemopreventive effect on HCC recurrence after curative resection. Factors such as age, liver cirrhosis, diabetes, number of tumors, tumor size, and vascular invasion were identified as independent risk factors for HCC recurrence, while statin use and antiviral therapy significantly reduced the risk of recurrence.
Review
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Elias Kouroumalis, Ioannis Tsomidis, Argyro Voumvouraki
Summary: The pathogenesis of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is a complex and multifactorial process that remains incompletely understood. Autophagy and apoptosis are two important cellular pathways that play critical roles in cell survival or death. Dysregulation of the balance between apoptosis and autophagy is commonly observed in HCC and other cancers. Autophagy can either inhibit or promote apoptosis, thereby influencing the fate of liver cancer cells. This review provides a concise overview of the pathogenesis of HCC, highlighting recent developments such as endoplasmic reticulum stress, microRNAs, and gut microbiota. The characteristics of HCC associated with specific liver diseases are discussed, and a brief introduction to autophagy and apoptosis is provided. The role of autophagy and apoptosis in HCC initiation, progression, and metastasis is reviewed, with extensive analysis of experimental evidence pointing to an interplay between these two processes. The role of ferroptosis, a recently described form of regulated cell death, is also presented. Finally, the potential therapeutic implications of autophagy and apoptosis in drug resistance are examined.
Review
Oncology
Shuang Li, Limin Chen
Summary: Exosomes are extracellular vesicles that play important roles in cell-to-cell communication and can be stably present in various body fluids. They have a unique double-layer saclike structure and reflect the characteristics of their host cells. Exosomes derived from hepatocellular carcinoma cells show heterogeneity in their cargo. Additionally, exosomes are capable of efficiently delivering cargoes to target cells, which significantly impact HCC progression, including tumor occurrence, development, metastasis, immune regulation, and drug resistance. Previous studies have demonstrated wide applications of exosomes in the diagnosis and treatment of HCC. This review discusses recent findings on the significant roles of exosomes in HCC, focusing on their effects and underlying mechanisms in regulating HCC progression and their potential clinical value as biomarkers and therapeutic targets.
FRONTIERS IN ONCOLOGY
(2022)
Review
Oncology
Asahiro Morishita, Kyoko Oura, Tomoko Tadokoro, Koji Fujita, Joji Tani, Tsutomu Masaki
Summary: Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is a common and deadly cancer, with a poor prognosis in late stages. Understanding the role of microRNAs (miRNAs) in HCC pathogenesis may lead to improved outcomes. MiRNAs have potential as valuable biomarkers and therapeutic targets in HCC diagnosis and treatment.
Review
Health Care Sciences & Services
Christos Damaskos, Nikolaos Garmpis, Dimitrios Dimitroulis, Anna Garmpi, Evangelos Diamantis, Panagiotis Sarantis, Vasiliki E. Georgakopoulou, Alexandros Patsouras, Markos Despotidis, Dionysios Prevezanos, Athanasios Syllaios, Georgios Marinos, Evangelos Koustas, Christos Vallilas, Efstathios A. Antoniou, Konstantinos Kontzoglou, Spyridon Savvanis, Gregory Kouraklis
Summary: SNHG15, a lncRNA, has been found to play a role in the development and prognosis of HCC. Current research indicates that over-expression of SNHG15 is associated with the occurrence of HCC and affects patient survival. However, further studies are needed to clarify the potential role of SNHG15 as a prognostic tool and therapeutic target in HCC.
JOURNAL OF PERSONALIZED MEDICINE
(2022)
Review
Oncology
Konstantinos Arvanitakis, Triantafyllia Koletsa, Ioannis Mitroulis, Georgios Germanidis
Summary: Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is a major type of liver cancer, and inflammation plays a crucial role in tumor growth and metastasis through tumor-associated macrophages (TAMs). TAMs can have either anti-tumor or pro-tumor functions, and their presence is closely associated with HCC development. This review summarizes the role of TAMs in HCC pathogenesis and highlights their potential application in tumor therapy.
Article
Gastroenterology & Hepatology
Yuna Kim, Eugene Han, Jae Seung Lee, Hye Won Lee, Beom Kyung Kim, Mi Kyung Kim, Hye Soon Kim, Jun Yong Park, Do Young Kim, Sang Hoon Ahn, Byung-Wan Lee, Eun Seok Kang, Bong-Soo Cha, Yong-Ho Lee, Seung Up Kim
Summary: Lean NAFLD patients have a significantly higher ASCVD score and prevalence of high risk for ASCVD compared to obese NAFLD patients and non-NAFLD patients. Additionally, lean subjects with significant liver fibrosis have a higher probability of ASCVD than obese subjects within the NAFLD subpopulation.
Article
Peripheral Vascular Disease
Chan Joo Lee, Ji-Yeon Lee, Kyungdo Han, Da Hye Kim, Hanna Cho, Kwang Joon Kim, Eun Seok Kang, Bong-Soo Cha, Yong-ho Lee, Sungha Park
Summary: There are inconsistent results on the impacts of controlling blood pressure (BP) on the risk of dementia. This study found a U-shaped association between BP levels and the risk of overall dementia and probable Alzheimer's disease. The risk of probable vascular dementia increased gradually with higher BP levels. Antihypertensive use and comorbidities did not change the U-shaped association for overall dementia and probable Alzheimer's disease, but affected the association for probable vascular dementia.
Article
Endocrinology & Metabolism
Eugene Han, Kyung-do Han, Byung-Wan Lee, Eun Seok Kang, Bong-Soo Cha, Seung-Hyun Ko, Yong-Ho Lee
Summary: This study investigates the relationship between severe hypoglycemia and dementia subtypes, as well as their combined effect on overall mortality in patients with type 2 diabetes. The results indicate that severe hypoglycemia is associated with dementia, particularly Alzheimer's disease, and the combination of severe hypoglycemia and dementia leads to higher overall mortality.
JOURNAL OF CLINICAL ENDOCRINOLOGY & METABOLISM
(2022)
Article
Endocrinology & Metabolism
Hae Kyung Kim, Minyoung Lee, Yong-Ho Lee, Eun Seok Kang, Bong-Soo Cha, Byung-Wan Lee
Summary: This study indicates that the elevation of urinary enzyme u-NAG is independently associated with a higher degree of hepatic fibrosis in patients with type 2 diabetes. Considering the common metabolic milieu of renal and hepatic fibrosis in type 2 diabetes, the potential use of u-NAG as an effective urinary biomarker reflecting hepatic fibrosis needs to be validated in the future.
DIABETES & METABOLISM JOURNAL
(2022)
Article
Endocrinology & Metabolism
You -Bin Lee, Yoon-Jong Bae, Hoseob Kim, Jiyun Park, So Yoon Kwon, So Hee Park, Gyuri Kim, Kyu Yeon Hur, Jae Hyeon Kim, Sang -Man Jin
Summary: This study aimed to determine if severe hypoglycemia independently increases the risk of hospitalization for heart failure in type 2 diabetes patients. The findings showed that individuals with severe hypoglycemia had a higher risk of heart failure, and multiple severe hypoglycemia events further increased the risk.
DIABETES RESEARCH AND CLINICAL PRACTICE
(2022)
Article
Cardiac & Cardiovascular Systems
Dong-Hyuk Park, Seon Young Goo, Sung Hyun Hong, Ji-hee Min, Ji Yong Byeon, Mi-Kyung Lee, Hae Dong Lee, Byoung Wook Ahn, Heejin Kimm, Sun Ha Jee, Dong Hoon Lee, Yong-ho Lee, Eun Seok Kang, Justin Y. Jeon
Summary: This study aimed to investigate the association between resting heart rate (RHR) and the prevalence of undiagnosed diabetes. The results showed that participants with higher RHR had a significantly higher prevalence of undiagnosed diabetes, and this association was stronger among younger and leaner individuals. Therefore, RHR can be used as an indicator to identify and prevent undiagnosed diabetes.
NUTRITION METABOLISM AND CARDIOVASCULAR DISEASES
(2023)
Article
Endocrinology & Metabolism
Hae Jin Kim, In Kyung Jeong, Kyu Yeon Hur, Soo-Kyung Kim, Jung Hyun Noh, Sung Wan Chun, Eun Seok Kang, Eun-Jung Rhee, Sung Hee Choi
Summary: This study compared the efficacy and safety of different oral hypoglycemic agents in poorly controlled type 2 diabetes mellitus patients. The results showed that combination therapy with alogliptin and pioglitazone was more effective in glycemic control and glycemic variability improvement than monotherapy with alogliptin or low-dose glimepiride.
DIABETES & METABOLISM JOURNAL
(2022)
Article
Endocrinology & Metabolism
Ji Young Lee, Minyoung Lee, Dong-Hee Lee, Yong -ho Lee, Byung-Wan Lee, Eun Seok Kang, Bong -Soo Cha
Summary: Exogenous DLK1 treatment has been found to inhibit muscle atrophy and improve mitochondrial biogenesis by suppressing myostatin-driven signaling, thus potentially serving as a candidate treatment for muscle atrophy.
ENDOCRINOLOGY AND METABOLISM
(2022)
Article
Endocrinology & Metabolism
Minyoung Lee, Yongin Cho, Yong-ho Lee, Eun Seok Kang, Bong-soo Cha, Byung-Wan Lee
Summary: This study investigated the clinical relevance of ketone bodies in newly diagnosed type 2 diabetes patients. The results showed that patients with higher initial serum β-hydroxybutyrate (BHB) levels had greater improvement in glycemic control after 6 months of anti-diabetic treatment, as indicated by lower HbA1c levels and better blood sugar control.
DIABETES & METABOLISM
(2023)
Article
Endocrinology & Metabolism
Jiyun Park, Gyuri Kim, Bong-Sung Kim, Kyung-Do Han, So Yoon Kwon, So Hee Park, You-Bin Lee, Sang-Man Jin, Jae Hyeon Kim
Summary: The changes in hepatic steatosis and advanced hepatic fibrosis are associated with cardiovascular disease (CVD) and mortality in new-onset type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM).
DIABETES RESEARCH AND CLINICAL PRACTICE
(2022)
Article
Multidisciplinary Sciences
Seohyun Kim, Gyuri Kim, Jae Hyeon Kim
Summary: This study investigated the additive interaction of diabetes mellitus (DM) and chronic kidney disease (CKD) on the risk of mortality in cancer patients. The interaction between CKD and DM was found to have an additive effect on mortality. Additionally, the presence of diabetic kidney disease (DKD) in cancer patients with DM was significantly associated with an increased risk of mortality.
SCIENTIFIC REPORTS
(2022)
Article
Endocrinology & Metabolism
Jiyun Park, Nammi Park, Sangjin Han, You-Bin Lee, Gyuri Kim, Sang-Man Jin, Woo Je Lee, Jae Hyeon Kim
Summary: This study evaluated the safety and efficacy of the tubeless patch pump called EOPatch in patients with well-controlled type 1 diabetes mellitus. The study showed that the patch pump was safe to use and led to improvement in glycemic control after four weeks of treatment.
DIABETES & METABOLISM JOURNAL
(2022)
Article
Endocrinology & Metabolism
Sejeong Lee, Jaehyun Bae, Doo Ri Jo, Minyoung Lee, Yong-ho Lee, Eun Seok Kang, Bong-Soo Cha, Byung-Wan Lee
Summary: In newly diagnosed type 2 diabetes patients, intact ketogenesis may be associated with a decreased risk of metabolic-associated fatty liver disease (MAFLD).
FRONTIERS IN ENDOCRINOLOGY
(2023)
Article
Multidisciplinary Sciences
You-Bin Lee, Min Young Kim, Kyungdo Han, Bongsung Kim, Jiyun Park, Gyuri Kim, Kyu Yeon Hur, Jae Hyeon Kim, Sang-Man Jin
Summary: This study investigated the association between cholesterol levels and dementia risk, taking into account the presence of diabetes and statin use. The results showed that in statin users, higher levels of LDL-C were associated with an increased risk of all-cause dementia, regardless of diabetes status. In contrast, in statin non-users, there was an inverted J-shaped relationship between low LDL-C levels and dementia risk. These findings suggest that the relationship between cholesterol levels and dementia risk may differ depending on statin use and diabetes status.
SCIENTIFIC REPORTS
(2022)
Article
Medicine, General & Internal
Jaehyun Bae, Young-eun Kim, Minyoung Lee, Yong-ho Lee, Byung-Wan Lee, Bong-Soo Cha, Eun Seok Kang
Summary: This study compared the effects of adding sodium glucose cotransporter-2 (SGLT-2) inhibitors to the combination of metformin plus dipeptidyl peptidase-4 (DPP-4) inhibitors with the effects of adding other conventional anti-diabetic drugs (ADDs) to the dual therapy. The conclusion was that adding SGLT-2 inhibitors is not inferior to adding sulfonylurea (SU) as a third-line ADD to the dual therapy in inadequately controlled type 2 diabetes patients.
YONSEI MEDICAL JOURNAL
(2022)
