Review
Immunology
Satoka Shiratori-Aso, Daigo Nakazawa
Summary: AAV is a serious autoimmune disease characterized by vascular necrosis. The pathogenesis involves ANCA-mediated neutrophil activation, NETs formation, and a vicious cycle of NETs and ANCA production. Understanding the molecular signaling pathways in aberrant neutrophil activation and NETs clearance systems may lead to specific therapeutics for AAV. Standard therapy with glucocorticoids and immunosuppressants has improved outcomes, but targeted therapies for neutrophil activation and NETs clearance are potential alternatives.
FRONTIERS IN IMMUNOLOGY
(2023)
Article
Rheumatology
Stavros Giaglis, Douglas Daoudlarian, Jens Thiel, Marta Rizzi, Diego Kyburz, Nils Venhoff, Ulrich A. Walker
Summary: This study aims to investigate the level and nature of circulating DNA in ANCA-associated vasculitis (AAV) and evaluate the clinical utility of DNA quantification. It was found that mtDNA, but not nDNA, is elevated in the plasma of AAV patients and correlated with disease activity. mtDNA quantification could be a superior biomarker in the laboratory monitoring of AAV activity.
Review
Rheumatology
Durga Prasanna Misra, Koshy Nithin Thomas, Armen Yuri Gasparyan, Olena Zimba
Summary: Patients with AAV have an increased risk of developing venous and arterial thrombotic events due to endothelial injury caused by neutrophil activation and NETs expression. Additionally, APLs and anti-plasminogen antibodies further contribute to thrombosis in AAV.
CLINICAL RHEUMATOLOGY
(2021)
Article
Medicine, General & Internal
Marilia A. Dagostin, Sergio L. O. Nunes, Samuel K. Shinjo, Rosa M. R. Pereira
Summary: The mortality rate of patients with anti-neutrophil cytoplasm antibody-associated vasculitis (AAV) in Brazil is higher than the general population. In Brazilian patients, mortality is associated with high damage index, renal impairment, and CRP levels.
Correction
Hematology
S. Sangaletti, C. Tripodo, C. Chiodoni
Summary: This study demonstrates that the structures of NETs are highly immunogenic to trigger an adaptive immune response relevant for autoimmunity.
Review
Allergy
Victoria Mutua, Laurel J. Gershwin
Summary: Activated neutrophils release NETs to capture and destroy microbes, but they also cause inflammation and tissue damage. The role of NETs in autoimmune and autoinflammatory diseases is being studied, and inhibition of NETosis may reduce disease severity.
CLINICAL REVIEWS IN ALLERGY & IMMUNOLOGY
(2021)
Review
Immunology
Miguel Negreros, Luis F. Flores-Suarez
Summary: ANCA-associated vasculitides (AAV) include three diseases: granulomatosis with polyangiitis, microscopic polyangiitis (MPA), and eosinophilic granulomatosis with polyangiitis. These diseases are characterized by small vessel inflammation and multiorgan involvement, with lung fibrosis being a common complication. The release of neutrophil extracellular traps (NETs) is associated with fibrosis development, but the exact mechanisms are not fully understood. This review discusses important proteins in NETs and proposes mechanisms for their impact on fibrotic phenotypes leading to lung fibrosis.
AUTOIMMUNITY REVIEWS
(2021)
Article
Oncology
J. Cedervall, M. Herre, A. Dragomir, F. Rabelo-Melo, A. Svensson, C. Thalin, A. Rosell, V Hjalmar, H. Wallen, H. Lindman, G. Pejler, E. Hagstrom, M. Hultstrom, A. Larsson, A. K. Olsson
Summary: This study investigates the role of neutrophil extracellular traps (NETs) in myocardial inflammation and tissue damage in treatment-naive cancer patients. The findings suggest that NETs contribute to inflammation and myocardial stress during malignancy, and removing NETs may prevent cardiac inflammation and dysfunction in cancer patients.
Article
Medicine, General & Internal
Borros Arneth, Rebekka Arneth
Summary: Research has shown that NETs contribute to the pathogenesis of vasculitis through different mechanisms, including renal failure and vascular damage. The protective effects of NETs have also been highlighted. However, the role of neutrophil hyperactivity in vasculitis is not fully understood. More studies are needed to determine the accurate function of NETs in vasculitis pathogenesis.
INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF MEDICAL SCIENCES
(2021)
Article
Immunology
Xiu-Qi Chen, Li Tu, Jia-Sen Zou, Shi-Qun Zhu, Yan-Jun Zhao, Yuan-Han Qin
Summary: The study aimed to investigate the involvement of neutrophil extracellular traps (NETs) in the pathogenesis of IgA vasculitis (IgAV) and their association with disease activity in children. Circulating levels of cf-DNA, MPO-DNA, and NE were significantly higher in onset and active IgAV patients compared to remission, drug withdrawal patients, and healthy controls. Our data suggest that NETs are released into the circulation of IgAV patients and may be used as a marker to assess disease severity in children with IgAV.
FRONTIERS IN IMMUNOLOGY
(2021)
Article
Immunology
Renato G. S. Chirivi, Jos W. G. van Rosmalen, Maarten van der Linden, Maximilien Euler, Gonny Schmets, Galina Bogatkevich, Konstantinos Kambas, Jonas Hahn, Quinte Braster, Oliver Soehnlein, Markus H. Hoffmann, Helmuth H. G. van Es, Jos M. H. Raats
Summary: The study demonstrated that therapeutic anti-citrullinated protein antibody can inhibit NET release, reduce tissue damage, and potentially serve as a drug candidate for NET-mediated inflammatory diseases.
CELLULAR & MOLECULAR IMMUNOLOGY
(2021)
Article
Medicine, General & Internal
Asta Dogg Jonasdottir, Milena Manojlovic, Jelena Vojinovic, Annica Nordin, Annette Bruchfeld, Iva Gunnarsson, Fariborz Mobarrez, Aleksandra Antovic
Summary: This study found that circulating myeloperoxidase (MPO)-positive extracellular vesicles (MPO+EVs) exposing citrullinated histone-3 (H3Cit), tissue factor (TF), and plasminogen (Plg) are associated with thrombin generation in patients with anti-neutrophil cytoplasm antibody (ANCA)-associated vasculitis (AAV). Thrombin generation is higher in AAV patients and is associated with higher exposure of TF and H3Cit on MPO+EVs.
FRONTIERS IN MEDICINE
(2023)
Article
Immunology
Iwona Wojcik, Manfred Wuhrer, Peter Heeringa, Coen A. Stegeman, Abraham Rutgers, David Falck
Summary: This study found that the glycosylation changes of IgG are associated with disease flares in patients with ANCA-associated vasculitis. In addition, among the glycosylation changes, alterations in Fc bisection and fucosylation levels of IgG are correlated with long-term treatment outcome and impending relapse.
FRONTIERS IN IMMUNOLOGY
(2023)
Article
Medicine, General & Internal
Makoto Harada, Ryohei Iwabuchi, Akinori Yamaguchi, Daiki Aomura, Yosuke Yamada, Kosuke Sonoda, Yutaka Kamimura, Koji Hashimoto, Yuji Kamijo
Summary: This study suggests that the decreasing trends of total protein, hemoglobin, platelet count, and lymphocyte count may be useful markers for predicting cytomegalovirus viremia and infection during the treatment of anti-neutrophil cytoplasmic antibody-associated vasculitis.
JOURNAL OF CLINICAL MEDICINE
(2023)
Review
Immunology
Kehinde Adebayo Babatunde, Oluwadamilola Fatimat Adenuga
Summary: Neutrophils play an important role in malaria, both in the defense against the malaria parasite and in the pathogenesis of the disease. However, malaria parasites inhibit the antimicrobial function of neutrophils, which may make malaria patients more susceptible to bacterial infections.
FRONTIERS IN IMMUNOLOGY
(2022)