Article
Engineering, Electrical & Electronic
Hui-Chen Tsai, Chun-Hsien Liu, Sheng-Di Lin, Chia-Ming Tsai, Jau-Yang Wu
Summary: In this study, a wide radiation temperature measurement is demonstrated using a single-photon avalanche diode image array. The detection temperature window ranges from 280 degrees C to 1050 degrees C with a noise equivalent temperature difference below 1 degrees C. The thermal image obtained has a high detection rate and a spatial resolution of 80 μm.
IEEE SENSORS JOURNAL
(2022)
Article
Engineering, Electrical & Electronic
Jau Yang Wu, Chun-Hsien Liu
Summary: We propose a structure design for a single-photon avalanche diode fabricated in TSMC's 0.18-μm high-voltage CMOS technology. This design improves the limited operating excess voltage for an n-on-p type without any customized well layer. By introducing a deep p-well isolation layer, the excess bias is significantly increased, resulting in high photon detection probability (PDP) with low dark count rate. The n-on-p type device is suitable for a 3D-stacked backside illuminated structure and achieves high PDP at longer wavelengths. With improved jitter and after-pulsing probability, our designed device is suitable for light detection and ranging (LiDAR) applications.
IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON ELECTRON DEVICES
(2023)
Article
Optics
B. Schuster, H. Peng, S. Arya, Y. Jiang, M. A. R. Miah, J. Zhou, A. Davis, Y. -h. Lo
Summary: This article introduces a new self-quenched active recovery single-photon detector. The detector accelerates recovery by a secondary carrier multiplication process and has high gain and fast recovery time.
Article
Engineering, Electrical & Electronic
Yang Liu, Maliang Liu, Rui Ma, Jin Hu, Dong Li, Xiayu Wang, Zhangming Zhu
Summary: This article presents a wide-spectral response single photon avalanche diode (SPAD) designed and fabricated in advanced 55-nm CMOS image sensor technology, with optimized electrical and optical performances. A triple protection method is innovatively used to suppress premature edge breakdown and reduce the dark count rate (DCR). Experimental results show that the SPADs exhibit low DCR and high photon detection probability across different radii.
IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON ELECTRON DEVICES
(2022)
Article
Engineering, Electrical & Electronic
Hiwa Mahmoudi, S. Saman Kohneh Poushi, Bernhard Steindl, Michael Hofbauer, Horst Zimmermann
Summary: This article presents a comprehensive modeling and experimental characterization of photon detection probability (PDP) of single-photon avalanche diodes (SPADs), highlighting the necessity of the approach especially when anti-reflection coating layer is not available. The obtained results show excellent agreement with measurements, indicating the reliable use of the model for accurate design and optimization of SPAD-based detectors.
IEEE SENSORS JOURNAL
(2021)
Article
Engineering, Electrical & Electronic
Chun-Hsien Liu, Chin-An Hsien, Sheng-Di Lin
Summary: This study proposes a method to simulate the photon detection probability (PDP) variation with edge effect, analyzes the reasons for PDP reduction at the device edge, and introduces a novel guard-ring design to enhance PDP. With the newly designed guard-ring structure, a threefold enhancement of small SPAD PDP is achieved.
IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON ELECTRON DEVICES
(2022)
Article
Chemistry, Analytical
Anthony Frederick Bulling, Ian Underwood
Summary: This study presents the first reported use of a CMOS-compatible single photon avalanche diode (SPAD) array for detecting high-energy charged particles, specifically pions, at the Super Proton Synchrotron (SPS) at CERN. The results confirm the detection of incident high-energy pions at 120 GeV, which are minimally ionizing and can be detected using CMOS SPADs.
Article
Optics
Won-Yong Ha, Eunsung Park, Byungchoul Park, Youngcheol Chae, Woo-Young Choi, Myung-Jae Lee
Summary: This paper presents the effect of shallow trench isolation (STI) on the dark count rate (DCR) and after-pulsing probability (APP) of deep-junction-based single-photon avalanche diodes (SPADs). The study demonstrates that SPADs without STI significantly reduce DCR and are not affected by lateral leakage current between the anode and cathode. In addition, SPADs without STI achieve a negligible APP, while those with STI exhibit a high APP.
Article
Optics
Yang Wang, Xiangliang Jin, Shengguo Cao, Yan Peng, Jun Luo
Summary: This paper proposes a gate-controlled single photon avalanche diode (GC-SPAD) for fluorescent optical fiber temperature sensors. Compared with traditional SPAD (T-SPAD), GC-SPAD has higher photon-detection probability and a lower dark count rate. The PDP of GC-SPAD reaches 29.55% in the wavelength range of 440 nm to 720 nm, with a response peak at 500 nm of 42%.
OPTICS COMMUNICATIONS
(2021)
Article
Engineering, Electrical & Electronic
Byungchoul Park, Hyun-Seung Choi, Jinwoong Jeong, Taewoo Kim, Myung-Jae Lee, Youngcheol Chae
Summary: This article presents a 400 x 200 single-photon avalanche diode (SPAD) X-ray detector that supports seamless global shutter operation. The detector achieves a high dynamic range (DR) and low power consumption, and works effectively under both low and high X-ray dose conditions.
IEEE JOURNAL OF SOLID-STATE CIRCUITS
(2023)
Review
Physics, Multidisciplinary
Iris Cusini, Davide Berretta, Enrico Conca, Alfonso Incoronato, Francesca Madonini, Arianna Adelaide Maurina, Chiara Nonne, Simone Riccardo, Federica Villa
Summary: This paper provides a comprehensive overview of the characteristics and applications of silicon SPADs. In Part I, it describes the working principle, simulation models, frontend, and common parameters used to characterize SPADs, as well as the applications and performance of single pixels. Part II focuses on the development of SPAD arrays and discusses their actual exploitation in real applications.
FRONTIERS IN PHYSICS
(2022)
Article
Engineering, Electrical & Electronic
Wei Jiang, M. Jamal Deen
Summary: This article investigates the phenomenon of random telegraph signal (RTS) noise during the transitional phase of the avalanche process, exploring its properties and dependencies on biasing voltage and temperature. An analytical model is used to extract the dimensions of defects in the depletion region, revealing that SPADs with larger defect dimensions exhibit higher DCR and AP levels when compared to those with smaller defect dimensions.
IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON ELECTRON DEVICES
(2021)
Article
Computer Science, Information Systems
Yi-Shan Lee, Ping-Li Wu, Yu-Jia Chen, Jin-Wei Shi
Summary: The study introduces a novel design of stepwise electric field in InGaAs/InAlAs single photon avalanche diodes, aiming to improve the avalanche build-up time without compromising detection performance. By fabricating and characterizing SPADs with large and small active areas, the research demonstrates improvements in temporal response and dark count rate, showcasing the devices' capability for time-correlated single photon counting and light detection and ranging applications.
Article
Engineering, Electrical & Electronic
Yao Lun Liu, Chun Hsien Liu, Chun Hao Tsai, Ce Fang Shih, Jau Yang Wu, Chia Ming Tsai, Sheng Di Lin
Summary: By combining the outputs of multiple SPAD pixels, the sensitivity of SiPM can be enhanced to the level of single photon detection, achieving high detection dynamic range and extending the lowest detectable radiometric temperature to 225 C-degrees while maintaining the capability of detecting the highest temperature at 1050 C-degrees with a NETD value below 1 C-degrees. The study supports that the SPAD image array is a superior radiometric sensor compared to CMOS sensors and CCD cameras through optical system modifications and calculation correction methods.
IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON INSTRUMENTATION AND MEASUREMENT
(2023)
Article
Engineering, Electrical & Electronic
Tuomo Talala, Ville A. Kaikkonen, Pekka Keranen, Jari Nikkinen, Antti Harkonen, Vasili G. Savitski, Sean Reilly, Lukasz Dziechciarczyk, Alan J. Kemp, Mircea Guina, Anssi J. Makynen, Ilkka Nissinen
Summary: A time-resolved Raman spectrometer prototype is demonstrated using a CMOS technology-based sensor and a 573-nm fiber-coupled Raman laser, efficiently rejecting fluorescence in measurements. Postprocessing techniques reduced spectral distortion by 88%-89%, showing lower fluorescence-to-Raman ratio with 573-nm excitation compared to common 532-nm excitation.
IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON INSTRUMENTATION AND MEASUREMENT
(2021)
Article
Computer Science, Information Systems
Tobias Lieske, Wilfried Uhring, Norbert Dumas, Anastasia Ioanna Skilitski, Jeremie Leonard, Dietmar Fey
JOURNAL OF SIGNAL PROCESSING SYSTEMS FOR SIGNAL IMAGE AND VIDEO TECHNOLOGY
(2019)
Article
Biochemical Research Methods
Enagnon Aguenounon, Foudil Dadouche, Wilfried Uhring, Sylvain Gioux
JOURNAL OF BIOMEDICAL OPTICS
(2019)
Article
Energy & Fuels
Theophile Paul, Tedjani Mesbahi, Sylvain Durand, Damien Flieller, Wilfried Uhring
Article
Chemistry, Analytical
Anne Pallares, Philippe Schmitt, Wilfried Uhring
Summary: Environmental water monitoring requires estimation of suspended solids load. This paper compares concentration ranges accessible through optical turbidity, acoustic backscattering and time resolved optical turbidity techniques in laboratory measurements. The study finds that time resolved optical turbidity shows clear advantage over other methods across different particle types.
Article
Chemistry, Analytical
Enagnon Aguenounon, Safa Razavinejad, Jean-Baptiste Schell, Mohammadreza Dolatpoor Lakeh, Wassim Khaddour, Foudil Dadouche, Jean-Baptiste Kammerer, Laurent Fesquet, Wilfried Uhring
Summary: The usage of single-photon avalanche diode arrays is increasing in various domains such as medical imaging and optical communications. The design of readout circuits faces challenges in reducing energy consumption and data rate, leading to the exploration of asynchronous logic as a better alternative due to its ability to operate without a clock.
Article
Chemistry, Analytical
Mohammadreza Dolatpoor Lakeh, Jean-Baptiste Kammerer, Enagnon Aguenounon, Dylan Issartel, Jean-Baptiste Schell, Sven Rink, Andreia Cathelin, Francis Calmon, Wilfried Uhring
Summary: This paper presents an ultrafast AQAR circuit for reducing afterpulsing in SPADs, designed in a 28nm FD-SOI CMOS technology. By utilizing body biasing technique, the circuit can quickly detect and quench avalanches, resulting in reduced avalanche charge and afterpulsing by up to 50%, as shown by post-layout and experimental results.
Review
Chemistry, Analytical
Emmanuel Dervieux, Michael Theron, Wilfried Uhring
Summary: Carbon dioxide (CO2) monitoring is crucial in medical practice, and transcutaneous sensing using fluorescence-based dye appears to offer the best potential as a non-invasive clinical CO2 monitor. However, current monitors are expensive, bulky, and require frequent recalibrations. This review provides an overview of CO2 measurement techniques and evaluates their suitability based on clinical constraints.
Article
Chemistry, Analytical
Wassim Khaddour, Wilfried Uhring, Foudil Dadouche, Norbert Dumas, Morgan Madec
Summary: In this paper, two common calibration methods for synchronous TDCs, bin-by-bin calibration and average-bin-width calibration, are presented and compared. A new robust calibration method for asynchronous TDCs is proposed and evaluated. Simulation and experimental results show that the proposed method can significantly improve the DNL of asynchronous TDCs, outperforming the bin-by-bin method by 10 times.
Proceedings Paper
Engineering, Electrical & Electronic
Mathieu Hugoud, Wilfried Uhring, Jean-Baptiste Kammerer, Jean-Bapstiste Schell
2020 18TH IEEE INTERNATIONAL NEW CIRCUITS AND SYSTEMS CONFERENCE (NEWCAS'20)
(2020)
Proceedings Paper
Engineering, Electrical & Electronic
Wass M. Khaddour, Wilfried Uhring, Foudil Dadouche, Vincent Frick, Morgan Madec
2020 18TH IEEE INTERNATIONAL NEW CIRCUITS AND SYSTEMS CONFERENCE (NEWCAS'20)
(2020)
Proceedings Paper
Engineering, Electrical & Electronic
Wassim Khaddour, Foudil Dadouche, Wilfried Uhring, Vincent Frick, Morgan Madec
2020 18TH IEEE INTERNATIONAL NEW CIRCUITS AND SYSTEMS CONFERENCE (NEWCAS'20)
(2020)
Article
Biochemical Research Methods
Emmanuel Dervieux, Quentin Bodinier, Wilfried Uhring, Michael Theron
JOURNAL OF BIOMEDICAL OPTICS
(2020)
