Article
Clinical Neurology
Shadi Yaghi, Adam de Havenon, Sara Rostanski, Alexandra Kvernland, Brian Mac Grory, Karen L. Furie, Anthony S. Kim, J. Donald Easton, S. Claiborne Johnston, Nils Henninger
Summary: In this study, the presence of >= 50% carotid stenosis was associated with an increased risk of ischemic stroke, while the addition of clopidogrel did not show significantly different benefits in patients with and without carotid stenosis. The effect of clopidogrel on ischemic stroke risk does not appear to be modified by the severity of carotid stenosis.
Article
Peripheral Vascular Disease
Hugues de Courson, Loic Ferrer, Antoine Barbieri, Phillip J. Tully, Mark Woodward, John Chalmers, Christophe Tzourio, Karen Leffondre
Summary: This study compared different modeling methods for BPV and found that the method used strongly affects the estimated effect of BPV on the risk of stroke. Further methodological developments are needed to clarify the specific role of BPV in order to account for the dynamics of both BP and BPV over time.
Article
Clinical Neurology
Chi-Pang Wen, Yi-Che Lee, Yuan-Ting Sun, Chih-Yuan Huang, Chon-Haw Tsai, Po-Lin Chen, Wei-Lun Chang, Po-Yen Yeh, Cheng-Yu Wei, Ming-Jun Tsai, Yu Sun, Chih-Hao Lin, Jiunn-Tay Lee, Ta-Chang Lai, Li-Ming Lien, Mei-Chen Lin, Cheng-Li Lin, June-Han Lee, Hao-Kuang Wang, Chung Y. Hsu
Summary: Lower serum LDL-C levels are associated with increased risk of intracerebral hemorrhage (ICH). This study assessed the potential confounders and found that low LDL-C levels independently predict higher mortality risk after acute ICH.
FRONTIERS IN NEUROLOGY
(2022)
Article
Clinical Neurology
Cheng-Loong Liang, Han-Jung Chen, Yi-Che Lee, Cheng-Chun Wu, Chon-Haw Tsai, Po-Lin Chen, Wei-Lun Chang, Po-Yen Yeh, Cheng-Yu Wei, Ming-Jun Tsai, Yu Sun, Chih-Hao Lin, Jiunn-Tay Lee, Ta-Chang Lai, Li-Ming Lien, Mei-Chen Lin, Cheng-Li Lin, Hao-Kuang Wang, Chung Y. Hsu
Summary: This study examined the impact of smoking on functional outcomes in young stroke patients in Taiwan. The results indicated that smokers had a higher risk of unfavorable functional outcomes at 3 months after stroke.
FRONTIERS IN NEUROLOGY
(2021)
Article
Economics
Jim Sanchez Gonzalez, Diego Restrepo-Tobon, Andres Ramirez Hassan
Summary: The study proposes a Bayesian one-stage approach to estimate the effect of inefficiency on the time to failure of U.S. commercial banks, by combining stochastic frontier and proportional hazards settings. Empirical evidence suggests that inefficiency of U.S. commercial banks during the global financial crisis in 2008–2009 played a statistically and economically significant role in determining the time to failure.
ECONOMIC MODELLING
(2021)
Article
Radiology, Nuclear Medicine & Medical Imaging
Maira Hameed, Jason Yeung, Darren Boone, Sue Mallett, Steve Halligan
Summary: A systematic review of highly cited radiological literature found that few diagnostic or prognostic models were subsequently evaluated by researchers uninvolved with the original model. Published radiological models often lack important information necessary for external evaluation. Researchers should focus on evaluating and updating existing models rather than continuous redevelopment.
EUROPEAN RADIOLOGY
(2023)
Article
Computer Science, Artificial Intelligence
Mateusz Krzyzinski, Mikolaj Spytek, Hubert Baniecki, Przemyslaw Biecek
Summary: Machine and deep learning survival models have comparable or better prediction capabilities for time-to-event compared to classical statistical learning methods, but they are too complex for human interpretation. This paper introduces SurvSHAP(t), the first time-dependent explanation method for interpreting survival black-box models, based on SHapley Additive exPlanations with solid theoretical foundations. The proposed method aims to improve precision diagnostics and support decision-making by domain experts.
KNOWLEDGE-BASED SYSTEMS
(2023)
Article
Public, Environmental & Occupational Health
Eunjung Cho, Yeonggyeong Kang, Youngsang Cho
Summary: This study analyzed the relationship between PM2.5 exposure and hospitalization for cardiovascular disease. The results showed that both average PM2.5 concentration and frequency of high PM2.5 concentration were associated with an increased risk of CVD. Older individuals and those with a history of hypertension were found to be more vulnerable to PM2.5 exposure.
INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF PUBLIC HEALTH
(2022)
Article
Medicine, General & Internal
Ian A. Silver, Daniel C. Semenza, Joseph L. Nedelec
Summary: Youths incarcerated in adult correctional facilities have a higher risk of early mortality between the ages of 18 and 39 compared to those who were never arrested or incarcerated before the age of 18, according to a cohort study of 8951 individuals.
Article
Medicine, General & Internal
Choa Yun, Minah Park, Jae Hong Joo, Soo Hyun Kang, Sung Hoon Jeong, Chung-Mo Nam, Eun-Cheol Park, Sung-In Jang
Summary: Complications associated with hypertension can be reduced through the provision of necessary medical services, but their provision may vary depending on regional disparities. This study aimed to investigate the impact of regional healthcare disparities on complications in South Korean patients with hypertension. Data from the National Health Insurance Service National Sample Cohort (2004-2019) were analyzed to identify medically vulnerable regions using the position value for the relative composite index. The risk of hypertension complications, including cardiovascular, cerebrovascular, and kidney diseases, was assessed using Cox proportional hazards models. The results showed that patients living in medically vulnerable regions who were diagnosed outside their residential areas had a higher risk of complications compared to those living in non-vulnerable regions and diagnosed outside their residential areas (hazard ratio: 1.156, 95% confidence interval: 1.119-1.195). Therefore, necessary policies should be implemented to reduce regional healthcare disparities.
FRONTIERS IN MEDICINE
(2023)
Article
Medicine, Research & Experimental
Lingyu Li, Zhi-Ping Liu
Summary: This study successfully identified prognostic biomarkers for breast cancer patients using a regularized Cox proportional hazards model and established a prognostic risk score index (PRS). The high-risk group was shown to have significantly worse survival than the low-risk group in both internal and external validations.
JOURNAL OF TRANSLATIONAL MEDICINE
(2021)
Article
Management
Joseph L. Breeden, Jonathan Crook
Summary: This paper proposes the use of survival models with lagged delinquency as a covariate for loan predictions, showing superior accuracy compared to traditional models. The results demonstrate that this method performs better in both long-term and short-term predictions of delinquency probability.
JOURNAL OF THE OPERATIONAL RESEARCH SOCIETY
(2022)
Article
Oncology
Angela L. Mazul, Christine M. Hartman, Yvonne M. Mowery, Jennifer R. Kramer, Donna L. White, Kathryn E. Royse, Suchismita Raychaudhury, Vlad C. Sandulache, Sarah T. Ahmed, Jose P. Zevallos, Peter A. Richardson, Andrew G. Sikora, Elizabeth Y. Chiao
Summary: The study indicates that persons living with HIV/AIDS have a higher risk of developing oropharyngeal and nonoropharyngeal head and neck squamous cell carcinoma compared to HIV-negative individuals. Additionally, HIV may play a role in both virally mediated and nonvirally mediated HNSCC.
Article
Health Care Sciences & Services
Francisco Javier Rubio, Reza Drikvandi
Summary: In this paper, a novel parametric mixed-effects general hazard (MEGH) model is proposed for the analysis of clustered survival data. The MEGH model generalizes existing models, provides a likelihood-based algorithm for parameter estimation, and introduces diagnostic tools for assessing the random effects and their distributional assumption. The performance of the MEGH model is evaluated through theoretical, simulation, and real data studies.
STATISTICAL METHODS IN MEDICAL RESEARCH
(2022)
Article
Veterinary Sciences
Julia A. Hertl, Ynte H. Schukken, Loren W. Tauer, Francis L. Welcome, Yrjo T. Grohn
Summary: The objective of this observational study was to investigate the relationship between clinical mastitis (CM) occurring in the first 100 days of a dairy cow's first lactation and her total productive lifetime. Data were collected from 24,831 cows in 5 New York Holstein herds. Two analytical approaches were compared: separate survival analyses treating removals (death, sale) as competing events, and traditional survival analysis using Cox proportional hazards models. The findings showed that certain pathogens were associated with either higher hazard rates of death or sale. The study highlights the importance of optimizing management strategies for cows with specific types of CM early in their productive lifetime.
PREVENTIVE VETERINARY MEDICINE
(2023)
Article
Rheumatology
Kimberly DeQuattro, Laura Trupin, Louise B. Murphy, Stephanie Rush, Lindsey A. Criswell, Cristina M. Lanata, Maria Dall'Era, Patricia Katz, Jinoos Yazdany
Summary: This study found that systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) is more severe among US Asian patients compared to White patients. Filipinos are affected at a younger age. Asian patients and non-White groups with younger age at diagnosis have greater organ damage than White patients.
ARTHRITIS CARE & RESEARCH
(2022)
Article
Rheumatology
Marie Humbert-Droz, Zara Izadi, Gabriela Schmajuk, Milena Gianfrancesco, Matthew C. Baker, Jinoos Yazdany, Suzanne Tamang
Summary: We developed and evaluated a natural language processing (NLP) pipeline to extract outcome measures from rheumatology notes, and found it to have good internal and external validity.
ARTHRITIS CARE & RESEARCH
(2023)
Article
Rheumatology
Rayan Najjar, Swetha A. A. Alexander, Grant C. C. Hughes, Jinoos Yazdany, Namrata Singh
Summary: This study evaluated independent risk factors for readmission in patients with systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) and identified the major reasons for readmission. The results showed that younger age, SLE-related manifestations, and public insurance were the strongest risk factors for 30-day readmission. These findings can help improve health outcomes for SLE patients through targeted interventions.
ARTHRITIS CARE & RESEARCH
(2023)
Article
Rheumatology
Alfredo Aguirre, Zara Izadi, Laura Trupin, Kamil E. Barbour, Kurt J. Greenlund, Patti Katz, Cristina Lanata, Lindsey Criswell, Maria Dall'Era, Jinoos Yazdany
Summary: This study analyzed racial and ethnic differences in the risk of end-organ lupus manifestations following SLE diagnosis. The results showed that Hispanic and Asian patients with SLE had heightened risks of developing renal, hematologic, and multiorgan disease.
ARTHRITIS CARE & RESEARCH
(2023)
Article
Rheumatology
Shilpa Arora, Patricia Katz, Ailda Nika, Winston Sequeira, Joel A. A. Block, Jinoos Yazdany, Ed Yelin, Meenakshi Jolly
Summary: This study aimed to examine the association between high quality of care (QOC) and quality of life (QOL) and nonroutine health care use (HCU) in systemic lupus erythematosus. The study found that higher QOC was associated with worse scores on SF-36 domains at baseline, which was influenced by comorbidities and high disease activity. The results show that high QOC is not predictive of significant improvement in SF-36 scores and nonroutine HCU on follow-up.
ARTHRITIS CARE & RESEARCH
(2023)
Article
Rheumatology
Tiffany Taylor, Christine Anastasiou, Clairissa Ja, Stephanie Rush, Laura Trupin, Maria Dall'Era, Patricia Katz, Kamil E. Barbour, Kurt J. Greenlund, Jinoos Yazdany, Milena A. Gianfrancesco
Summary: This study found that individuals with systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) of non-White populations, particularly Asian and Hispanic individuals, have a higher risk of cardiovascular disease (CVD) mortality compared to the general population.
ARTHRITIS CARE & RESEARCH
(2023)
Editorial Material
Rheumatology
Ali Duarte-Garcia, Jinoos Yazdany
JOURNAL OF RHEUMATOLOGY
(2023)
Article
Rheumatology
Nevin Hammam, Jing Li, Julia Kay, Zara Izadi, Jinoos Yazdany, Gabriela Schmajuk
Summary: The American College of Rheumatology's (ACR) 2020 guidelines recommend a treat-to-target approach for gout management. A study using the ACR registry found that more than half of gout patients receiving long-term urate-lowering therapy (ULT) had documented serum urate (SU) levels, and among those tested, three-quarters achieved the recommended SU target. Non-White patients were slightly less likely to be tested or achieve the target SU level.
ARTHRITIS CARE & RESEARCH
(2023)
Article
Rheumatology
Patricia Katz, Sarah L. Patterson, Kimberly DeQuattro, Cristina M. Lanata, Kamil E. Barbour, Kurt J. Greenlund, Caroline Gordon, Lindsey A. Criswell, Maria Dall'Era, Jinoos Yazdany
Summary: This study examines the association between trauma exposure and patient-reported SLE disease activity and flares. It found that any traumatic event increases the odds of a flare and is associated with higher disease activity scores. Patients with a history of trauma reported more flares and greater disease activity. Therefore, understanding the mechanisms behind the association between trauma and disease activity and implementing interventions to mitigate the effects of trauma exposures is crucial.
Article
Rheumatology
Sarah Patterson, Laura Trupin, Wendy Hartogensis, Kimberly DeQuattro, Cristina Lanata, Caroline Gordon, Kamil E. E. Barbour, Kurt J. J. Greenlund, Maria Dall'Era, Jinoos Yazdany, Patricia Katz
Summary: Several studies have shown a potential link between traumatic experiences, psychological stress, and autoimmunity. However, the impact of stress on disease activity and symptom severity in systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) has not been fully understood. This study aimed to examine whether increases in perceived stress independently associate with worse SLE disease outcomes over a 3-year follow-up period. The results suggest that an increase in stress is associated with greater disease activity and symptom burden in individuals with SLE.
ARTHRITIS CARE & RESEARCH
(2023)
Article
Medical Informatics
Suzanne Tamang, Marie Humbert-Droz, Milena Gianfrancesco, Zara Izadi, Gabriela Schmajuk, Jinoos Yazdany
Summary: Experts highlight the gap between clinical NLP research and real-world applications, offering practical considerations for developing NLP systems that can support clinical needs and improve health outcomes. These considerations involve assessing data and compute resources readiness, organizational incentives, and feasibility of implementation. They are beneficial for the design of future clinical NLP projects in various settings, including large health systems and clinical practices with electronic medical records.
JMIR MEDICAL INFORMATICS
(2023)
Article
Endocrinology & Metabolism
Zoe Quandt, Stephanie Kim, Javier Villanueva-Meyer, Catherine Coupe, Arabella Young, Jee Hye Kang, Jinoos Yazdany, Gabriela Schmajuk, Stephanie Rush, Elad Ziv, Ana Luisa Perdigoto, Kevan Herold, Melissa G. Lechner, Maureen A. Su, J. Blake Tyrrell, Jeffrey Bluestone, Mark Anderson, Umesh Masharani
Summary: This study investigated the clinical, imaging, and HLA characteristics of CPI-induced hypophysitis. It found that exposure to CTLA-4 inhibitors resulted in a faster onset of hypophysitis compared to PD-1/PD-L1 inhibitor monotherapy, and abnormalities were observed on MRI. Male patients were more prone to develop hypophysitis, and the HLA DQ0602 gene may be related to its development.
JOURNAL OF THE ENDOCRINE SOCIETY
(2023)
Review
Rheumatology
Evelyn Hsieh, Dzifa Dey, Rebecca Grainger, Mengtao Li, Pedro M. Machado, Manuel F. Ugarte-Gil, Jinoos Yazdany
Summary: Although the public health emergency associated with the COVID-19 pandemic has ended, challenges remain for individuals with rheumatic diseases. Disruptions in healthcare and medication supply shortages have impacted the health and mental well-being of these individuals. Telemedicine and changes in healthcare utilization have also affected rheumatology practices globally. Efforts are needed to improve healthcare access, stabilize rheumatology drug supplies, and implement evidence-based vaccination practices to reduce COVID-19 morbidity and mortality among individuals with rheumatic diseases.
ARTHRITIS CARE & RESEARCH
(2023)
Article
Rheumatology
Sebastian Bruera, Xiudong Lei, Hui Zhao, Jinoos Yazdany, Mariana Chavez-MacGregor, Sharon H. Giordano, Maria E. Suarez-Almazor
Summary: This study compared the outcomes of patients with or without systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) who were diagnosed with COVID-19 and evaluated factors associated with severe outcomes in SLE patients. The results showed that patients with SLE had significantly higher rates of mortality, mechanical ventilation, and hospitalization compared to matched controls. Severe disease activity in SLE and prior use of corticosteroids were associated with worse outcomes.
LUPUS SCIENCE & MEDICINE
(2023)
Article
Rheumatology
Rachael Stovall, Emma Kersey, Jing Li, Rahaf Baker, Christine Anastasiou, Andriko Palmowski, Gabriela Schmajuk, Lianne Gensler, Jinoos Yazdany
Summary: The study found that in adults with ankylosing spondylitis, older age, previous fractures, and opioid use were associated with a higher risk of fractures. Men and women had similar fracture rates. Due to the association between opioid use and fractures in AS patients, interventions to reduce the risk should be considered.
ARTHRITIS CARE & RESEARCH
(2023)