Article
Endocrinology & Metabolism
Caitlin McIntyre, Xiao Feng Li, Deyana Ivanova, Jun Wang, Kevin T. O'Byrne
Summary: Chemogenetic activation of corticotropin-releasing hormone (CRH) neurons in the paraventricular nucleus of the hypothalamus (PVN) decreases LH pulse frequency, possibly through signaling to local GABA neurons and GABAergic projection to the hypothalamic arcuate nucleus.
Article
Endocrinology & Metabolism
Arno Teblick, Lauren De Bruyn, Tim Van Oudenhove, Sarah Vander Perre, Lies Pauwels, Sarah Derde, Lies Langouche, Greet Van den Berghe
Summary: This study examined the effects of hydrocortisone (HC) and corticotropin-releasing hormone (CRH) treatment on the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal (HPA) axis in sepsis. The results showed that HC treatment further suppressed plasma ACTH, while CRH normalized ACTH levels. In addition, CRH restored pituitary POMC processing without affecting the adrenal cortex. The high-circulating POMC induced by sepsis may contribute to ongoing adrenocortical steroidogenesis despite low ACTH.
Article
Cell Biology
Manxiu Ma, Alyssa A. Brunal, Kareem C. Clark, Carleigh Studtmann, Katelyn Stebbins, Shin-ichi Higashijima, Y. Albert Pan
Summary: The expression of corticotropin-releasing hormone (CRH) in the hypothalamus plays a critical role in regulating the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal (HPA) axis, which is involved in the stress response. Through studying zebrafish, researchers identified dscaml1 as an important factor in CRH neuron development and HPA axis function. Mutations in dscaml1 led to increased CRH expression and cell number in hypothalamic CRH neurons, as well as altered stress hormone levels and response to stressors. These findings suggest a role for dscaml1 in stress axis development and its potential contribution to neuropsychiatric disorders.
FRONTIERS IN CELL AND DEVELOPMENTAL BIOLOGY
(2023)
Article
Endocrinology & Metabolism
Johannes M. Hennings, Marcus Ising, Manfred Uhr, Florian Holsboer, Susanne Lucae
Summary: The study found that patients who were weary of life showed an increased response in ACTH and cortisol following stress hormone tests, while there was no significant difference in stress hormone response between suicide attempters and ideators and non-suicidal patients. Repeated suicide attempts in patients' history were associated with more pronounced stress hormone attenuation.
PSYCHONEUROENDOCRINOLOGY
(2021)
Article
Endocrinology & Metabolism
Aleksandra S. S. Stojiljkovic, Zeljko Cupic, Stevan Macesic, Ana Ivanovic-Sasic, Ljiljana Kolar-Anic
Summary: This study investigates the mechanisms underlying the effects of arginine vasopressin (AVP) on the Hypothalamic-Pituitary-Adrenal (HPA) axis and reveals the influence of the synergistic action between AVP and corticotrophin-releasing hormone (CRH) on the ultradian dynamics of the HPA axis. The extended nonlinear network reaction model incorporates AVP into the HPA axis model and explores the conditions under which the HPA system transitions between oscillatory and stable states. The results demonstrate the importance of the synergy reaction rate constant and highlight the superior stimulatory effect of CRH compared to AVP on ACTH secretion in humans.
FRONTIERS IN ENDOCRINOLOGY
(2022)
Article
Neurosciences
Yu Wang, Jing Han, Jing Zhu, Mizhen Zhang, Minda Ju, Yueshan Du, Zhanzhuang Tian
Summary: Stress-induced hyperactivity of the HPA axis disrupts neuroendocrine homeostasis and physiological functions. Electroacupuncture (EA) can modulate this hyperactivity, possibly through inhibiting hypothalamic CRH expression. The study suggests that the NMDAR-regulated ERK/CREB signaling pathway may be involved in EA's alleviation of HPA axis hyperactivity.
FRONTIERS IN NEUROSCIENCE
(2021)
Review
Endocrinology & Metabolism
Raoni Conceicao dos-Santos, Brook L. W. Sweeten, Claire E. Stelly, Jeffrey G. Tasker
Summary: Stress has effects on the nervous system at different signaling levels and time scales. Glucocorticoids, the main effectors of stress plasticity, act on multiple receptor subtypes in different cellular compartments, leading to changes in synaptic transmission and neuronal excitability. This review focuses on the rapid actions of acute stress-induced glucocorticoids in modulating synaptic and intrinsic neuronal properties. The stress-related brain structures, such as the hypothalamus, hippocampus, amygdala, and prefrontal cortex, exhibit synaptic plasticity in response to single or short-term stress exposure.
Article
Psychiatry
Johannes M. Hennings, Marcus Ising, Manfred Uhr, Florian Holsboer, Susanne Lucae
Summary: Suicide leads to over 700,000 deaths worldwide annually, with psychiatric disorders, especially major depression, being the most common cause. Effective methods for preventing suicide attempts in high-risk individuals are lacking. This study found that the neuroendocrine stress response system, known as the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenocortical (HPA) axis, is disrupted in major depression and suicidality. Individuals with a history of suicide attempts exhibit an attenuated hormonal response to stress. Moreover, patients with multiple previous suicide attempts show increased hormonal response even after recovering from depression. These findings suggest that patients with a history of suicide attempts belong to a distinct subgroup with a different stress hormone response pattern.
FRONTIERS IN PSYCHIATRY
(2022)
Article
Endocrinology & Metabolism
Lea M. Brix, Alexander S. Haeusl, Irmak Toksoez, Joeri Bordes, Lotte van Doeselaar, Clara Engelhardt, Sowmya Narayan, Margherita Springer, Vera Sterlemann, Jan M. Deussing, Alon Chen, Mathias Schmidt
Summary: FKBP51 plays an important role in regulating the HPA axis, and its deficiency enhances GR-mediated negative feedback and protects against age-related disruption of the CORT rhythm.
PSYCHONEUROENDOCRINOLOGY
(2022)
Review
Medical Laboratory Technology
Norah J. Alghamdi, Christopher T. Burns, Roland Valdes
Summary: Urocortins and corticotropin-releasing hormone receptor 2 play a crucial role in stress homeostasis and their dysregulation is associated with various clinical disorders. Understanding the physiology and measurement of the UCN3/CRHR2 axis is important for clinical laboratory diagnosis.
CRITICAL REVIEWS IN CLINICAL LABORATORY SCIENCES
(2022)
Article
Neurosciences
Ruksana Yesmin, Miho Watanabe, Adya Saran Sinha, Masaru Ishibashi, Tianying Wang, Atsuo Fukuda
Summary: Activated AgRP neurons in the arcuate nucleus directly project to CRH axon terminals in the median-eminence and modulate the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal (HPA) axis via NKCC1-dependent GABAergic excitation. These findings highlight the important role of AgRP neurons in HPA axis regulation.
FRONTIERS IN MOLECULAR NEUROSCIENCE
(2022)
Article
Dermatology
Minghan Chen, Jie Cai, Xiaofeng Zhang, Zixian Liao, Min Zhong, Jing Shang, Yunyun Yue
Summary: This study demonstrates that the release of SP under chronic psychological stress interferes with melanogenesis through keratinocytes, leading to skin depigmentation disorders such as vitiligo. The study also reveals the important role of the HPA axis in mediating the effects of SP on melanogenesis.
JOURNAL OF DERMATOLOGICAL SCIENCE
(2022)
Article
Endocrinology & Metabolism
Yannuo Li, Ioannis P. Androulakis
Summary: The suprachiasmatic nucleus (SCN) synchronizes physiological rhythms and adapts to changes in photoperiod, affecting the phase distribution of neuron activities. Elevated glucocorticoid levels in short photoperiods are associated with peak disease incidence. Topological changes in the SCN network may influence seasonal variations in disease incidence.
FRONTIERS IN ENDOCRINOLOGY
(2022)
Article
Environmental Sciences
Bin Pan, Minjie Chen, Xuan Zhang, Shuai Liang, Xiaobo Qin, Lianglin Qiu, Qi Cao, Renzhen Peng, Shimin Tao, Zhouzhou Li, Yaning Zhu, Haidong Kan, Yanyi Xu, Zhekang Ying
Summary: This study found that ambient PM2.5 exposure can activate the HPA axis and mediate PM2.5-induced pulmonary inflammation, providing insights into the contribution of central neurohormonal mechanisms in modulating adverse health effects caused by exposure to PM2.5.
ECOTOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL SAFETY
(2021)
Article
Pharmacology & Pharmacy
Min Xiao, Kaiyong Xie, Li Yuan, Jun Wang, Xing Liu, Zhonghua Chen
Summary: This study explored the antidepressive effect and mechanism of Huolisu oral solution (HLS) using a rat model of depression. HLS was found to alleviate depression-like behavior by regulating neurotransmitters, the HPA axis, and beta-EP. These findings suggest that HLS may be a potentially effective agent for treating depression.
FRONTIERS IN PHARMACOLOGY
(2022)
Article
Psychology, Biological
Caitlyn M. Edwards, Julia Strother, Huiyuan Zheng, Linda Rinaman
PHYSIOLOGY & BEHAVIOR
(2019)
Article
Neurosciences
Marie K. Holt, Lisa E. Pomeranz, Kevin T. Beier, Frank Reimann, Fiona M. Gribble, Linda Rinaman
JOURNAL OF NEUROSCIENCE
(2019)
Article
Physiology
James W. Maniscalco, Caitlyn M. Edwards, Linda Rinaman
AMERICAN JOURNAL OF PHYSIOLOGY-REGULATORY INTEGRATIVE AND COMPARATIVE PHYSIOLOGY
(2020)
Review
Pharmacology & Pharmacy
Marie K. Holt, Linda Rinaman
Summary: This article discusses the anatomical and functional overlap between GLP-1 and PrRP neurons in the caudal nucleus of the solitary tract, as well as their co-activation in response to stressful stimuli. It outlines their importance in regulating behavioral and physiological stress responses, and suggests that PrRP neurons may be downstream of GLP-1 neurons.
BRITISH JOURNAL OF PHARMACOLOGY
(2022)
Article
Psychology, Biological
Caitlyn M. Edwards, Tyla Dolezel, Linda Rinaman
Summary: Competing motivational drives coordinate essential behaviors for survival, with interoceptive feedback playing a key role in regulating anxiety-like and exploratory behaviors in rats during negative energy balance. While past research has linked a shift in motivated behavior to reduced neural activation in the cNTS, the impact of metabolic state on conditioned avoidance behaviors remains unclear. Findings from this study suggest that metabolic state influences passive avoidance behavior, with PrRP+ noradrenergic neurons and vlBNST activation playing a role in the expression of this behavior, modulated by metabolic state.
PHYSIOLOGY & BEHAVIOR
(2021)
Article
Neurosciences
Nadya Povysheva, Huiyuan Zheng, Linda Rinaman
Summary: This study demonstrates that GLP1 signaling promotes the activation of GABAergic neurons in the alBST, which in turn exerts inhibitory control over the endocrine HPA axis. The findings suggest that GLP1R-mediated mechanisms play a role in modulating stress responses in rats.
NEUROBIOLOGY OF STRESS
(2021)
Article
Endocrinology & Metabolism
Caitlyn M. Edwards, Inge Estefania Guerrero, Huiyuan Zheng, Tyla Dolezel, Linda Rinaman
Summary: Interoceptive feedback from the body to the brain has a significant impact on motivated behaviors. Fasting, which leads to increased levels of ghrelin, has been shown to reduce avoidance behavior. In this study, male rats were trained in a passive avoidance task and then subjected to overnight food deprivation. The rats were then treated with a ghrelin receptor antagonist before testing. The results showed that the antagonist restored passive avoidance behavior in fasted rats, suggesting that ghrelin signaling plays a role in fasting-induced reduction of avoidance behavior.
NEUROENDOCRINOLOGY
(2023)
Article
Endocrinology & Metabolism
Huiyuan Zheng, Lorena Lopez-Ferreras, Jean-Phillipe Krieger, Stephen Fasul, Valentina Cea Salazar, Natalia Valderrama Pena, Karolina P. Skibicka, Linda Rinaman
Summary: The study presented a novel Gcg-Cre rat model for studying the development, anatomy, and function of Gcg-expressing cells in the brain and periphery. The homozygous Gcg-Cre rats showed lower plasma glucose levels and exhibited cell expression in brain regions that do not match Gcg expression. Stimulation of specific brain regions' GLP1 neurons reduced food intake in male rats but not in female rats.
MOLECULAR METABOLISM
(2022)
Article
Endocrinology & Metabolism
Daniel I. Brierley, Marie K. Holt, Arashdeep Singh, Alan de Araujo, Molly McDougle, Macarena Vergara, Majd H. Afaghani, Shin Jae Lee, Karen Scott, Calyn Maske, Wolfgang Langhans, Eric Krause, Annette de Kloet, Fiona M. Gribble, Frank Reimann, Linda Rinaman, Guillaume de Lartigue, Stefan Trapp
Summary: GLP-1 suppresses eating through independent gut-brain circuits, with PPG(NTS) neurons not being necessary for the eating suppression effects of GLP-1 receptor agonists. Concurrent activation of PPG(NTS) neurons can more effectively suppress eating than using semaglutide alone.
