Effect of temperature on morphology, ginsenosides biosynthesis, functional genes, and transcriptional factors expression in Panax ginseng adventitious roots

This study researched the effect of temperature on growth and ginsenosides accumulation in adventitious root cultures of Panax ginseng. Results showed that the ginseng adventitious roots growth and differentiation ability could be affected faced with different incubation temperatures (15, 20, 25, and 30 degrees C for 35 days). Besides, the research also demonstrated that low-temperature stimulation could promote the accumulation of ginsenosides and the content of total ginsenosides increased by 2.53 times at 10 degrees C-7d (10 degrees C for 7 days and then transferred to 25 degrees C for 28 days) compared with that at 25 degrees C. Moreover, the transcriptional levels of functional genes and PgWRKYs were analyzed by this study and the correlation analysis showed that GPS, SS, CYP716A47, CYP716A53v2, UGT74AE2, UGT94Q2, PgWRKY1, PgWRKY3, and PgWRKY8 were significantly correlated with total ginsenosides content. Furthermore, HPLC-ESI-MSn analyzed that Malonyl-Rb-1 only existed in 10 degrees C-7d group. Practical applications The survey showed that after a certain time of stimulating P. ginseng adventitious roots at low temperature, the accumulation of ginsenosides could be enhanced as their expression of related genes were regulated. It provides a theoretical foundation for the mass production of ginsenosides by controlling the temperature conditions of P. ginseng adventitious roots.