Article
Genetics & Heredity
Maci L. Mueller, John B. Cole, Natalie K. Connors, David J. Johnston, Imtiaz A. S. Randhawa, Alison L. Van Eenennaam
Summary: The study demonstrates that strong selection pressure on polled will be necessary due to the limited number of polled Australian Brahman bulls in order to significantly increase the number of polled animals in this population. Additionally, these scenarios illustrate how gene editing could be used as a tool to accelerate the development of high-genetic-merit homozygous polled sires in the Australian Brahman population to mitigate the trade-off of slower genetic gain associated with decreasing HORNED allele frequency.
FRONTIERS IN GENETICS
(2021)
Article
Agriculture, Dairy & Animal Science
B. McClearn, L. Delaby, T. J. Gilliland, N. Galvin, C. Guy, M. Dineen, F. Coughlan, B. McCarthy
Summary: This study investigated the impact of cow genotype and parity on dry matter intake and production efficiencies in pasture-based systems. The Jersey x Holstein-Friesian cows showed the highest production efficiency, which decreased slightly when a third breed was introduced. Cows with higher parity levels had higher dry matter intake and milk yield, indicating a significant effect of parity on production efficiency.
JOURNAL OF DAIRY SCIENCE
(2022)
Article
Agriculture, Dairy & Animal Science
G. M. Pereira, L. B. Hansen, B. J. Heins
Summary: This study compared calves of different breeds in terms of gestation length, calf weight at birth, calving difficulty, and stillbirth. The results showed that there were differences among the different breeds in these indicators, but certain breeds could increase gestation length and calf weight without increasing calving difficulty and stillbirth.
JOURNAL OF DAIRY SCIENCE
(2022)
Article
Agriculture, Dairy & Animal Science
K. M. Enger, N. R. Hardy, E. M. Hist, B. D. Enger
Summary: The results of the study indicate that infection status at parturition does not significantly affect colostrum antibody concentrations and quality, and that other factors at the local level of the mammary gland have a greater impact on colostrum synthesis and antibody transport into the mammary gland.
JOURNAL OF DAIRY SCIENCE
(2021)
Article
Agriculture, Dairy & Animal Science
Y. Steyn, D. Gonzalez-Pena, Y. L. Bernal Rubio, N. Vukasinovic, S. K. DeNise, D. A. L. Lourenco, I Misztal
Summary: This study aimed to predict genomic breeding values for milk yield of crossbred dairy cattle under different scenarios using single-step genomic BLUP. The data set included a large number of milk yield records and genotypic information.
JOURNAL OF DAIRY SCIENCE
(2021)
Article
Agriculture, Dairy & Animal Science
Ainhoa Valldecabres, Noelia Silva-del-Rio
Summary: The study found that oral calcium supplementation did not significantly affect the productive and reproductive variables in cows, but effects were observed related to previous lactation length and calving locomotion score.
JOURNAL OF DAIRY SCIENCE
(2021)
Article
Agriculture, Dairy & Animal Science
M. Haile-Mariam, M. Khansefid, M. Axford, M. E. Goddard, Jennie E. Pryce
Summary: The longevity of dairy cattle is influenced by mortality and slaughter rates on the farm. This study examined the genetic parameters and trends of mortality rates and slaughter rates in Holstein and Jersey breeds. It found that the mortality rate of cows has increased in recent years, and most dead cows leave the herd before 120 days of lactation. The study also identified genetic correlations between traits such as milk yield, calving interval, somatic cell count, and protein yield with mortality rates and slaughter rates.
JOURNAL OF DAIRY SCIENCE
(2023)
Article
Agriculture, Dairy & Animal Science
M. R. Lauber, F. Penagaricano, R. H. Fourdraine, J. S. Clay, P. M. Fricke
Summary: Based on data analysis, we characterized the prevalence of semen types and their allocation in inseminating Holstein and Jersey females in the US. It was found that beef breed sires were widely selected to produce beef crossbred calves. The use of sexed semen and beef semen in inseminations increased from 2019 to 2021, with larger dairy herds driving this increase.
JOURNAL OF DAIRY SCIENCE
(2023)
Article
Agriculture, Multidisciplinary
Ishaku L. Haruna, Yunhai Li, Huitong Zhou, Jon G. H. Hickford
Summary: This study found that variations in the leptin gene can impact milk traits in cows, particularly affecting protein content. While there was no association between LEP genotypes and milk yield and fat percentage, cows with the AB genotype had lower protein content in their milk. This research suggests that variations in exon 3 of LEP may be useful for selecting cows for improvement in key milk traits.
NEW ZEALAND JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL RESEARCH
(2021)
Review
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Xingbo Yang, Jiacheng Jiang, Zongyu Li, Jiayi Liang, Yaozu Xiang
Summary: Mitochondria, as the energy powerhouse of cells, have their own unique genome separate from the nuclear genome. Mutations in mitochondrial DNA can lead to diseases and health issues, but editing these genes effectively remains a challenge. Current gene editing technologies have been explored for mitochondrial gene editing, but further research and optimization are needed for their application in this specific area.
COMPUTATIONAL AND STRUCTURAL BIOTECHNOLOGY JOURNAL
(2021)
Article
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Zhongsen Li, Rui Ma, Dan Liu, Mingyue Wang, Ting Zhu, Yanxue Deng
Summary: CRISPR Cas9-mediated genome editing and base editing technologies have shown promising results in plant gene editing, with prime editing demonstrating high efficiency and precision. However, addressing the issue of inconsistent editing efficiencies across different target sites remains a challenge.
Article
Agriculture, Dairy & Animal Science
Sang Seok Joo, Sang Jin Lee, Da Som Park, Dong Hyeon Kim, Bon-Hee Gu, Yei Ju Park, Chae Yun Rim, Myunghoo Kim, Eun Tae Kim
Summary: This study investigated the changes in metabolism and immunity of Holstein and Jersey cows under heat stress conditions. The results showed decreased blood metabolites and breed-specific variations in immune cell populations. The findings contribute to a better understanding of the relationship between metabolism and immunity in dairy cows under heat stress.
Article
Genetics & Heredity
Carina Visser, Simon Frederick Lashmar, Jason Reding, Donagh P. Berry, Este van Marle-Koster
Summary: The erosion of genetic diversity hinders the sustainability of livestock production in the South African dairy industry. This study aims to evaluate the genetic diversity and inbreeding of the Ayrshire, Holstein, and Jersey dairy cattle breeds in South Africa using single nucleotide polymorphism genotypes, pedigree records, and identified runs of homozygosity segments.
FRONTIERS IN GENETICS
(2023)
Review
Materials Science, Multidisciplinary
Shao Wei Hu, Tao Ding, Honghai Tang, Huiping Guo, Wenguo Cui, Yilai Shu
Summary: With the advancement of genome editing techniques, gene therapy is increasingly being used for the treatment of various human diseases. Nanomaterials have shown great potential in improving the efficiency and safety of gene editing in gene therapy. This review introduces three gene editing tools, with a particular focus on the development and optimization of the CRISPR system. It also discusses the recent application of nanobiomaterials in gene therapy, along with the prospects and remaining challenges. Lastly, future directions for gene editing tools, nanobiomaterial vectors, and gene therapy are presented.
Article
Biophysics
Roberto Kappes, Deise Aline Knob, Angelica Leticia Scheid, Bruno Emanuel Barreta, Laiz Perazzoli, Bruna Bergamaschi Mendes, Dileta Regina Moro Alessio, Andre Thaler Neto
Summary: This study evaluated the rumination time, activity index, milk yield, milk characteristics, and physiological indicators of different breeds of cows under various temperature-humidity indexes. The results showed that higher temperature-humidity indexes resulted in decreased rumination time, increased activity index, and lower milk quality. Crossbred cows had higher milk fat and protein content.
INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF BIOMETEOROLOGY
(2022)
Review
Biology
Thomas Frederick Bishop, Alison Louise Van Eenennaam
JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL BIOLOGY
(2020)
Article
Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology
Joseph R. Owen, Sadie L. Hennig, Bret R. McNabb, Tamer A. Mansour, Justin M. Smith, Jason C. Lin, Amy E. Young, Josephine F. Trott, James D. Murray, Mary E. Delany, Pablo J. Ross, Alison L. Van Eenennaam
Summary: This study achieved high efficiency gene knock-ins in bovine zygotes using the HMEJ strategy, resulting in the birth of a phenotypically normal bull calf. Genomic analyses revealed allelic heterogeneity in the knock-in product, indicating a combination of repair and rearrangement mechanisms. Direct cytoplasmic injection of gRNA/Cas9 for targeted gene knock-ins shows potential, but further optimization is needed.
Article
Evolutionary Biology
Alison L. Van Eenennaam, Felipe De Figueiredo Silva, Josephine F. Trott, David Zilberman
Summary: The slow progress in the commercialization of genetically engineered livestock is mainly due to technical issues, the structure of livestock industries, lack of public research funding and investment, regulatory obstacles, and concern about public opinion. Researchers and developers have encountered difficulties in producing genetically engineered livestock. Delays in commercializing GE livestock beyond the normative 10-year evaluation period are associated with billions of dollars in opportunity costs and reduced global food security.
ANNUAL REVIEW OF ANIMAL BIOSCIENCES, VOL 9, 2021
(2021)
Article
Genetics & Heredity
Maci L. Mueller, John B. Cole, Natalie K. Connors, David J. Johnston, Imtiaz A. S. Randhawa, Alison L. Van Eenennaam
Summary: The study demonstrates that strong selection pressure on polled will be necessary due to the limited number of polled Australian Brahman bulls in order to significantly increase the number of polled animals in this population. Additionally, these scenarios illustrate how gene editing could be used as a tool to accelerate the development of high-genetic-merit homozygous polled sires in the Australian Brahman population to mitigate the trade-off of slower genetic gain associated with decreasing HORNED allele frequency.
FRONTIERS IN GENETICS
(2021)
Article
Multidisciplinary Sciences
Colin Kern, Ying Wang, Xiaoqin Xu, Zhangyuan Pan, Michelle Halstead, Ganrea Chanthavixay, Perot Saelao, Susan Waters, Ruidong Xiang, Amanda Chamberlain, Ian Korf, Mary E. Delany, Hans H. Cheng, Juan F. Medrano, Alison L. Van Eenennaam, Chris K. Tuggle, Catherine Ernst, Paul Flicek, Gerald Quon, Pablo Ross, Huaijun Zhou
Summary: Gene regulatory elements play a crucial role in animal genomes, with a core set of regulatory elements found to be functionally conserved across different species. These datasets offer a unique opportunity for comparative epigenomics and the agricultural research community.
NATURE COMMUNICATIONS
(2021)
Review
Genetics & Heredity
Jason C. Lin, Alison L. Van Eenennaam
Summary: Introducing genome editing reagents into mammalian zygotes via electroporation provides a simpler and more streamlined approach compared to traditional methods. Studies have examined parameters for mouse and rat zygotes, with limited reports on livestock zygotes. Delivery of genome editing reagents via electroporation can help reduce mosaicism, especially in large livestock species.
FRONTIERS IN GENETICS
(2021)
Review
Agriculture, Dairy & Animal Science
A. L. Van Eenennaam, S. J. Werth
Summary: Discussions on sustainability often involve competing goals, leading to conflicting outcomes. The role of livestock in sustainable diets is contentious, and the emerging market for alternative meats aims to reduce GHG emissions and animal agriculture, but may overlook the nutritional importance of ASF. Technological innovations are crucial for improving the efficiency of animal source, plant source, and cultured meat production in order to meet future demand sustainably and counteract misinformation that may hinder global food security.
Article
Veterinary Sciences
Deepak, Sharif S. Aly, William J. Love, Patricia C. Blanchard, Beate Crossley, Alison L. Van Eenennaam, Terry W. Lehenbauer
Summary: The study estimated the association of BRD risk factors in pre-weaned dairy calves in California. Female calves were more negatively impacted by failure of passive immunity transfer compared to male calves. Different pathogens had varying odds ratios, with Mannheimia haemolytica and Pasteurella multocida showing high associations with BRD. Age, sex, immune status, and pathogens all played a role in BRD occurrence in pre-weaned dairy calves.
PREVENTIVE VETERINARY MEDICINE
(2021)
Article
Multidisciplinary Sciences
Sadie L. Hennig, Joseph R. Owen, Jason C. Lin, Bret R. McNabb, Alison L. Van Eenennaam, James D. Murray
Summary: Dehorning in cattle using CRISPR-Cas9 gene editing to remove a 133 bp region including a 10 bp sequence resulted in embryos with mutations, but not necessarily the desired polled phenotype. The timing of injection post-insemination and the use of synthetic gRNAs both affected the deletion rate in the embryos, highlighting the complexity of genetic factors influencing horn development in cattle.
SCIENTIFIC REPORTS
(2022)
Article
Multidisciplinary Sciences
Sadie L. Hennig, Bret R. McNabb, Josephine F. Trott, Alison L. Van Eenennaam, James D. Murray
Summary: A long intergenic non-coding RNA (lincRNA#1) is highly expressed in the horn bud region of polled bovine fetuses, but its absence alone does not result in a hornless phenotype.
SCIENTIFIC REPORTS
(2022)
Article
Biochemical Research Methods
Carolyn J. Lawrence-Dill, Robyn L. Allscheid, Albert Boaitey, Todd Bauman, Edward S. Buckler, Jennifer L. Clarke, Christopher Cullis, Jack Dekkers, Cassandra J. Dorius, Shawn F. Dorius, David Ertl, Matthew Homann, Guiping Hu, Mary Losch, Eric Lyons, Brenda Murdoch, Zahra-Katy Navabi, Somashekhar Punnuri, Fahad Rafiq, James M. Reecy, Patrick S. Schnable, Nicole M. Scott, Moira Sheehan, Xavier Sirault, Margaret Staton, Christopher K. Tuggle, Alison Van Eenennaam, Rachael Voas
PLOS COMPUTATIONAL BIOLOGY
(2022)
Review
Agriculture, Dairy & Animal Science
Alba V. Ledesma, Maci L. Mueller, Alison L. Van Eenennaam
Summary: The progress made in the derivation and culture of pluripotent stem cells from farm animals has opened up the possibility of creating livestock chimeras that can pass on superior genetics and disseminate useful genomic alterations.
Article
Multidisciplinary Sciences
Julie A. Finzel, Austin R. Brown, Roselle C. Busch, Morgan P. Doran, John M. Harper, Daniel K. Macon, Rebecca K. Ozeran, Morgan R. Stegemiller, Karissa Isaacs, Alison Van Eenennaam
Summary: Despite being available for over a decade, adoption of electronic identification ear tags (EID) and DNA testing among commercial range sheep producers in the Western United States has been low. This project involved collaboration with five California sheep producers to demonstrate the potential of these technologies in improving flock health and reproductive management.
Review
Agriculture, Multidisciplinary
Maci L. Mueller, Alison L. L. Van Eenennaam
Summary: Genetic improvement of cattle is crucial for the sustainable development of animal agriculture worldwide. Reproductive and molecular biotechnologies are used to enhance genetic progress, and gene editing is a recent tool that allows precise modification of the genetic code. Integration of gene editing into conventional cattle breeding programs is necessary for its effectiveness.
CABI AGRICULTURE & BIOSCIENCE
(2022)