Review
Virology
Eleonora Cimini, Chiara Agrati
Summary: New emerging viruses pose serious threats to public health and are a global concern. Monitoring the emergence and transmission of these viruses is crucial for public health authorities. γδ T cells, as part of the innate immune system, play a vital role in protecting the host from viral infections. They have the ability to directly combat a wide range of viruses and orchestrate the interaction between innate and acquired immunity.
Review
Fisheries
Alehegne Yirsaw, Cynthia L. Baldwin
Summary: Goats are significant food animals with high adaptability. Infectious diseases can impact their productivity, while gamma delta T cells play important roles in immune responses. These cells respond to various infections and may have altered representation and function due to infection.
DEVELOPMENTAL AND COMPARATIVE IMMUNOLOGY
(2021)
Article
Immunology
Bing Liu, Xu He, Yong Wang, Jian-Wen Huang, You-Bing Zheng, Yong Li, Li-Gong Lu
Summary: Gamma delta T cells are unique immune cells that play a role in cancer progression, particularly in gastric and breast cancers. China has shown the highest productivity and citations in international research collaboration. The cytokines IL-17 and IL-2 are most commonly associated with gamma delta T cells and have different roles in various malignancies.
FRONTIERS IN IMMUNOLOGY
(2022)
Article
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Veronica Ayechu-Muruzabal, Bente Poelmann, Alinda J. Berends, Nienke Kettelarij, Johan Garssen, Belinda van't Land, Linette E. M. Willemsen
Summary: This study explores the protective capacity of bioactive components in human milk against viral infections in early life, specifically in the prevention of enteric viral infections. The effects of 2'FL, abundantly present in human milk, on intestinal epithelial cells (IEC) and innate immune cells were studied, shedding light on mucosal host-defense mechanisms upon viral triggers.
INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF MOLECULAR SCIENCES
(2022)
Review
Immunology
Guanyu Qu, Shengli Wang, Zhenlong Zhou, Dawei Jiang, Aihua Liao, Jing Luo
Summary: This article summarizes the current knowledge of the γδT cell phenotype in various tissues in mice and humans, describing the similarities and differences of tissue-resident γδT cells in these two species.
FRONTIERS IN IMMUNOLOGY
(2022)
Review
Immunology
Thomas Herrmann, Mohindar M. Karunakaran
Summary: This article discusses the role of BTNs, related molecules, and SKINT1 in the development, activation, and homeostasis of γδT cells, as well as their potential as interesting targets for therapeutic intervention.
FRONTIERS IN IMMUNOLOGY
(2022)
Review
Immunology
Jang Hyun Park, In Kang, Heung Kyu Lee
Summary: gamma delta T cells, expressing gamma delta T cell receptor instead of alpha beta T cell receptor, play critical roles in multiple physiological systems and diseases. They are preferentially located at mucosal surfaces, such as the gut, and can also be found in the meninges in the central nervous system. Recent findings suggest their importance in brain function, homeostasis, and regulating inflammatory responses, particularly in neurodegenerative diseases.
FRONTIERS IN IMMUNOLOGY
(2022)
Review
Cell Biology
Lingfeng Qiu, Yixi Zhang, Xun Zeng
Summary: The purpose of this review is to discuss the role of gamma delta T cells in humoral immune responses. Accumulating evidence indicates that gamma delta T cells, independent of alpha beta T cells, participate in multiple steps of humoral immunity, including B cell maturation, activation and differentiation, antibody production and class switching. Gamma delta T cells affect B cell function by directly interacting with B cells, secreting cytokines, or modulating alpha beta T cells.
INFLAMMATION RESEARCH
(2023)
Editorial Material
Immunology
Jun Yan
Summary: Brain tumors consume more oxygen, resulting in a hypoxic microenvironment that impairs innate gamma delta T cell-mediated antitumor activity. However, by reducing oxygen consumption in brain tumors or inhibiting hypoxia-inducible factor-1 alpha in gamma delta T cells, the tumor-killing activity of gamma delta T cells can be rejuvenated, leading to prolonged survival in mice with brain tumors.
Article
Immunology
Ignacio Juarez, Shi Su, Zachary T. Herbert, John R. Teijaro, Vaishali R. Moulton
Summary: SRSF1 plays an essential role in the homeostasis and function of CD8 T cells, controlling their numbers, proliferative capacity, and cytotoxic function. It is also involved in the immune response to viral infection, regulating multiple signaling pathways in the transcriptome.
FRONTIERS IN IMMUNOLOGY
(2022)
Review
Immunology
Wenyi Yan, Louisa S. Chard Dunmall, Nicholas R. Lemoine, Yaohe Wang, Yafeng Wang, Pengju Wang
Summary: This review discusses the heterogeneity of γδ T cells and their importance in cancer immunotherapy. γδ T cells possess unique tumor recognition and anti-tumor functions, and play a role in the tumor microenvironment. Understanding and effectively harnessing these diverse γδ T cell subpopulations is crucial for tumor-specific immunotherapy.
FRONTIERS IN IMMUNOLOGY
(2023)
Article
Multidisciplinary Sciences
Yeongrin Kim, Da Yeon Lee, Ji U. Choi, Jin Song Park, So Myoung Lee, Chung Hyo Kang, Chi Hoon Park
Summary: CAR T cell therapy is a promising treatment for cancer, particularly in hematological tumors. However, the manufacturing process for CAR immune cells is still complex and efficient production methods are unclear. This study provides detailed information on a protocol called spinoculation, which offers a methodological view on how to transduce genes into immune cells efficiently.
SCIENTIFIC REPORTS
(2023)
Article
Immunology
Qifeng He, Yijun Lu, Wenfang Tian, Runqiu Jiang, Weiwei Yu, Yong Liu, Meiling Sun, Fei Wang, Haitian Zhang, Ning Wu, Zhongjun Dong, Beicheng Sun
Summary: Loss of TOX in thymocytes impairs mTEC maturation and promotes Tγδ17 cell generation, leading to the development of fatal autoimmune hepatitis (AIH). TOX interacts with TCF1 to maintain the balance of γδT cell development, and its expression is negatively correlated with AIH diagnostic score.
CELLULAR & MOLECULAR IMMUNOLOGY
(2022)
Article
Cell Biology
Jang Hyun Park, In Kang, Hyeon Cheol Kim, Younghoon Lee, Sung Ki Lee, Heung Kyu Lee
Summary: Obesity has been found to have detrimental effects on the immune system, but its impact on viral infections has not been well studied. This research shows that obesity can actually offer protective effects against herpes simplex virus 2 infection in the genital mucosa of mice. The study reveals that obesity enhances the cytotoxic subset of gamma delta T cells through L-arginine produced by commensal microbiota, resulting in increased natural killer (NK) group 2 D (NKG2D) expression and protecting mice from lethal genital herpes.
Article
Immunology
Fatemeh Nezhad Shamohammadi, Mahboubeh Yazdanifar, Mona Oraei, Mohammad H. Kazemi, Azam Roohi, Seyedeh Mahya Shariat Razavi, Farhad Rezaei, Farzad Parvizpour, Yalda Karamlou, Haideh Namdari
Summary: γδT cells are rare lymphocytes that play a cogent role in immune responses. They have anti-tumor activity, but there is controversy regarding their effects in pancreatic cancer. Depending on the local microenvironment, γδT cells can differentiate into cells that promote or suppress tumors. In immunologically cold tumors like pancreatic cancer, γδT cells are more likely to exhibit an immunosuppressive phenotype.
INTERNATIONAL IMMUNOPHARMACOLOGY
(2022)
Article
Immunology
Immanuel Kwok, Etienne Becht, Yu Xia, Melissa Ng, Ye Chean Teh, Leonard Tan, Maximilien Evrard, Jackson L. Y. Li, Hoa T. N. Tran, Yingrou Tan, Dehua Liu, Archita Mishra, Ka Hang Liong, Keith Leong, Yuning Zhang, Andre Olsson, Chinmay Kumar Mantri, Pavithra Shyamsunder, Zhaoyuan Liu, Cecile Piot, Charles-Antoine Dutertre, Hui Cheng, Sudipto Bari, Nicholas Ang, Subhra K. Biswas, H. Philip Koeffler, Hong Liang Tey, Anis Larbi, I-Hsin Su, Bernett Lee, Ashley St. John, Jerry K. Y. Chan, William Y. K. Hwang, Jinmiao Chen, Nathan Salomonis, Shu Zhen Chong, H. Leighton Grimes, Bing Liu, Andres Hidalgo, Evan W. Newell, Tao Cheng, Florent Ginhoux, Lai Guan Ng
Review
Immunology
Ashley L. St. John, Abhay P. S. Rathore
JOURNAL OF IMMUNOLOGY
(2020)
Article
Multidisciplinary Sciences
Abhay P. S. Rathore, Manouri Senanayake, Arjuna Salinda Athapathu, Sunethra Gunasena, Irantha Karunaratna, Wei Yee Leong, Ting Lim, Chinmay Kumar Mantri, Annelies Wilder-Smith, Ashley L. St John
SCIENTIFIC REPORTS
(2020)
Article
Virology
Abhay P. S. Rathore, Farouk S. Farouk, Ashley L. St John
CURRENT OPINION IN VIROLOGY
(2020)
Review
Public, Environmental & Occupational Health
Sylvia Xiao Wei Gwee, Ashley L. St John, Gregory C. Gray, Junxiong Pang
Summary: Dengue virus positivity has been detected in various animals, primarily in bats, non-human primates, and pigs. Serological testing suggests possible enzootic transmission, while regular dengue virus spillback cannot be ruled out. Acute infections among animals are limited, indicating the need for further investigation into the potential role of animals in dengue transmission.
Article
Virology
Chinmay Kumar Mantri, Gayathri Soundarajan, Wilfried A. A. Saron, Abhay P. S. Rathore, Sylvie Alonso, Ashley L. St John
Summary: Sub-neutralizing concentrations of antibodies in dengue infected patients are a major risk factor for the development of dengue hemorrhagic fever and dengue shock syndrome. A mouse model lacking mast cells (MCs) and type I and II interferon receptors was used to study the influence of MCs in a maternal antibody-dependent severe dengue model. The results demonstrate complex interactions between MCs and interferon signaling in influencing the role of maternal antibodies in DENV-induced disease severity.
Article
Multidisciplinary Sciences
Cheryl Q. E. Lee, Baptiste Kerouanton, Sonia Chothani, Shan Zhang, Ying Chen, Chinmay Kumar Mantri, Daniella Helena Hock, Radiance Lim, Rhea Nadkarni, Vinh Thang Huynh, Daryl Lim, Wei Leong Chew, Franklin L. Zhong, David Arthur Stroud, Sebastian Schafer, Vinay Tergaonkar, Ashley L. St John, Owen J. L. Rackham, Lena Ho
Summary: The study identifies a mito-SEP named MOCCI, which can replace NDUFA4 during inflammation to reduce mitochondrial membrane potential and ROS production, providing cell protection and suppressing immune responses. Additionally, the MOCCI transcript generates miR-147b, which enhances antiviral immune responses.
NATURE COMMUNICATIONS
(2021)
Article
Immunology
Abhay P. S. Rathore, Chinmay K. Mantri, Meredith W. Tan, Roksana Shirazi, Andrew Nishida, Siti A. B. Aman, Juliet Morrison, Ashley L. St. John
Summary: This study provides a comprehensive characterization of DENV1-4 infection in immune-competent mice and confirms the wild-type mouse model as a valid and reproducible system for investigating the mechanisms of DENV pathogenesis. The infection profiles of human clinical isolates of DENV serotypes 1-4 in the immune-competent mouse model were observed, along with the detection of replicating virus in key organs and identification of novel cellular targets. The study also showed that immune-competent mice sustain replicating infection and display signs of DENV disease similar to those in humans.
FRONTIERS IN IMMUNOLOGY
(2021)
Article
Multidisciplinary Sciences
Benjamin Wong Wei Xiang, Wilfried A. A. Saron, James C. Stewart, Arthur Hain, Varsha Walvekar, Dorothee Misse, Frederic Thomas, R. Manjunatha Kini, Benjamin Roche, Adam Claridge-Chang, Ashley L. St. John, Julien Pompon
Summary: A study found that DENV infection increases mosquito attraction to hosts and hinders their biting efficiency, resulting in infected mosquitoes needing more bites to reach similar blood repletion. By establishing transmission models and mathematical models, the study also revealed that the number of infected hosts per infected mosquito tripled when mosquito behavior was influenced by DENV infection.
PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL ACADEMY OF SCIENCES OF THE UNITED STATES OF AMERICA
(2022)
Editorial Material
Immunology
Abhay P. S. Rathore, Vivian Vasconcelos Costa, Ashley L. St. John
FRONTIERS IN IMMUNOLOGY
(2022)
Article
Multidisciplinary Sciences
Ye Chean Teh, Ming Yao Chooi, Dehua Liu, Immanuel Kwok, Ghee Chuan Lai, Liyana Ayub Ow Yong, Melissa Ng, Jackson L. Y. Li, Yingrou Tan, Maximilien Evrard, Leonard Tan, Ka Hang Liong, Keith Leong, Chi Ching Goh, Andrew Y. J. Chan, Nurhidaya Binte Shadan, Chinmay Kumar Mantri, You Yi Hwang, Hui Cheng, Tao Cheng, Weimiao Yu, Hong Liang Tey, Anis Larbi, Ashley St John, Veronique Angeli, Christiane Ruedl, Bernett Lee, Florent Ginhoux, Swaine L. Chen, Lai Guan Ng, Jeak Ling Ding, Shu Zhen Chong
Summary: During bacterial infections, proliferating transitional premonocytes (TpMos) are mobilized to replace tissue-resident macrophages. TpMos are less susceptible to apoptosis and contribute to host defense.
Article
Immunology
Abhay P. S. Rathore, Ashley L. St. John
Summary: COVID-19 is caused by SARS-CoV-2 and current vaccines offer effective protection against severe disease and death. However, vaccine-induced immunity wanes quickly and does not effectively block virus transmission. Mucosal vaccines are being developed to induce long-lasting protective immune responses at the sites of SARS-CoV-2 infection. This article discusses mucosal immune responses, advances in understanding mucosal responses to SARS-CoV-2 infection and current COVID-19 vaccines, as well as challenges in mucosal vaccination.
Article
Infectious Diseases
Monica Palanichamy Kala, Ashley L. St L. John, Abhay P. S. Rathore
Summary: Dengue viruses (DENV) pose a significant burden on human health globally. Current treatment options for dengue are limited, but recent advances in the development of antiviral drugs and vaccines show promise. This review discusses the nuances in the standard-of-care treatment for dengue and highlights emerging treatment options and vaccine candidates at different stages of development.
CURRENT TREATMENT OPTIONS IN INFECTIOUS DISEASES
(2023)
Article
Medicine, Research & Experimental
Janessa Y. J. Tan, Danielle E. Anderson, Abhay P. S. Rathore, Aled O'Neill, Chinmay Kumar Mantri, Wilfried A. A. Saron, Cheryl Q. E. Lee, Chu Wern Cui, Adrian E. Z. Kang, Randy Foo, Shirin Kalimuddin, Jenny G. Low, Lena Ho, Paul Tambyah, Thomas W. Burke, Christopher W. Woods, Kuan Rong Chan, Jorn Karhausen, Ashley L. St John
Summary: Lung inflammation is a key symptom of COVID-19 and is believed to be immune mediated. Research has found widespread degranulation of mast cells (MCs) in SARS-CoV-2 infected mice and nonhuman primates. In humans, the activation of MCs is significantly correlated with disease severity and biomarkers of vascular dysregulation. These findings suggest the involvement of MCs in lung tissue damage during SARS-CoV-2 infection and potential strategies for intervention.
JOURNAL OF CLINICAL INVESTIGATION
(2023)
Article
Immunology
Ashley L. St. John, Abhay P. S. Rathore, Florent Ginhoux
Summary: Mast cells are complex immune cells that exhibit diverse phenotypes and functions, influenced by both their ontogeny and the specialized tissue microenvironments they reside in.
NATURE REVIEWS IMMUNOLOGY
(2023)