Review
Biology
Alexis J. Vega, Caitlin Smith, Hannah Grace Matejowsky, Katherine J. Thornhill, Grant E. Borne, Chizoba N. Mosieri, Sahar Shekoohi, Elyse M. Cornett, Alan D. Kaye
Summary: The administration of warfarin poses a challenge due to increased patient susceptibility to major bleeding, especially when co-administered with antibiotics capable of modulating its metabolism. Evidence consistently supports an elevated risk of bleeding in patients receiving antibiotics and warfarin therapy. This review highlights the importance of diligent monitoring in patients on warfarin requiring antibiotic therapy and the potential benefits of dose reduction or adjustment for certain antibiotics.
Review
Pharmacology & Pharmacy
Abdul Haseeb, Hani Saleh Faidah, Saleh Alghamdi, Amal F. Alotaibi, Mahmoud Essam Elrggal, Ahmad J. Mahrous, Safa S. Almarzoky Abuhussain, Najla A. Obaid, Manal Algethamy, Abdullmoin AlQarni, Asim A. Khogeer, Zikria Saleem, Muhammad Shahid Iqbal, Sami S. Ashgar, Rozan Mohammad Radwan, Alaa Mutlaq, Nayyra Fatani, Aziz Sheikh
Summary: This systematic review analyzed the dosing regimen of beta-lactams and found that continuous infusion is considered the most appropriate mode of administration to optimize the safety and efficacy of the treatment. The study also highlighted the challenges in appropriate antibiotic therapy due to age-related pathophysiological changes, but suggested that optimizing pharmacokinetic/pharmacodynamic parameters can support alternative dosing regimens.
FRONTIERS IN PHARMACOLOGY
(2022)
Review
Microbiology
Jose Barberan, Lourdes Cristina Barberan, Alicia de la Cuerda
Summary: Oral antibiotics are commonly used in the community, with generally infrequent and mild adverse effects including toxicities and drug interactions. Despite the potential harm antibiotics can cause to patients through various mechanisms, knowledge of these adverse effects can enable judicious use. This review focuses on the main adverse effects of oral antibiotics, specifically beta-lactams, macrolides, and fluoroquinolones.
REVISTA ESPANOLA DE QUIMIOTERAPIA
(2021)
Article
Infectious Diseases
Xinjun Li, Kristina Sundquist, Filip Jansaker
Summary: This study used nationwide primary healthcare data to explore antibiotic treatments for cystitis and investigate factors beyond the infection. The results showed that the trends of specific classes of antibiotics redeemed within five days from the diagnosis were similar to the national surveillance program. Factors such as sociodemographic factors were weakly associated with antibiotic treatment.
Article
Infectious Diseases
Peter E. Fosse, Kevin M. Brinkman, Hannah M. Brink, Caroline E. Conner, James K. Aden, Stephanie E. Giancola
Summary: This study compared the impact of oral cephalosporins and first-line agents on UTI recurrence rates in the treatment of acute pyelonephritis, and found no significant difference in outpatient settings. The independent risk factors for UTI recurrence were chronic kidney disease and Klebsiella spp. isolation.
INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ANTIMICROBIAL AGENTS
(2022)
Article
Engineering, Environmental
Kushneet Kaur Sodhi, Dileep Kumar Singh
Summary: The presence of antibiotics in wastewater has ecotoxicological effects on living beings, especially fluoroquinolones. Research is focusing on finding effective methods for removing these antibiotics to prevent harm to the environment and living organisms.
JOURNAL OF WATER PROCESS ENGINEERING
(2021)
Review
Infectious Diseases
Audray St-Jean, Dan Chateau, Matthew Dahl, Pierre Ernst, Nick Daneman, Ingrid S. Sketris, Jianguo Zhang, Fawziah Marra, Jacqueline Quail, Shawn Bugden
Summary: Fluoroquinolones are commonly used as first-line therapies for uncomplicated UTI and AECOPD in outpatient settings in Canada, but their use varies widely across provinces. The proportion of fluoroquinolones for treating uncomplicated UTI and ABS events has declined over time, while remaining relatively stable for AECOPD.
BMC INFECTIOUS DISEASES
(2021)
Article
Engineering, Environmental
Liang Wan, Yixiao Wu, Benhao Zhang, Wenfeng Yang, Huijun Ding, Weihao Zhang
Summary: The study revealed that MOX and GAT had significant effects on the growth, photosynthesis, and oxidative stress of Microcystis aeruginosa, indicating potential ecological risks at actual environmental concentrations.
JOURNAL OF HAZARDOUS MATERIALS
(2021)
Article
Infectious Diseases
Bela Kocsis, Daniel Gulyas, Dora Szabo
Summary: Novel antimicrobial agents such as delafloxacin, finafloxacin, and zabofloxacin have been recently approved for clinical use, showing broad-spectrum antibacterial activity against various infections. Despite their efficacy, reports of delafloxacin resistance emphasize the importance of cautious antibiotic use.
Article
Cardiac & Cardiovascular Systems
Kyungmin Huh, Minsun Kang, Jaehun Jung
Summary: There was no significant difference in the risk of aortic aneurysm and aortic dissection (AA/AD) between patients who were administered oral fluoroquinolone (FQ) and those who were administered third-generation cephalosporins (3GC). The study findings suggest that the use of FQ should not be deterred when clinically indicated.
EUROPEAN HEART JOURNAL
(2023)
Article
Microbiology
Chia-Ru Chung, Hsin-Yao Wang, Chun-Han Yao, Li-Ching Wu, Jang-Jih Lu, Jorng-Tzong Horng, Tzong-Yi Lee
Summary: In this study, a two-stage framework based on MALDI-TOF MS data was developed for predicting antimicrobial resistance in E. coli. The XGBoost model outperformed other machine learning models and showed potential for improving accuracy by approximately 2.8%. This research provides a promising method for aiding physicians in decision-making and may reveal new insights for further studies.
MICROBIOLOGY SPECTRUM
(2023)
Article
Medicine, General & Internal
David Carreno, Joseph J. Wanford, Zydrune Jasiunaite, Ryan G. Hames, Wen Y. Chung, Ashley R. Dennison, Kornelis Straatman, Luisa Martinez-Pomares, Manish Pareek, Carlos J. Orihuela, Marcos Restrepo, Wei Shen Lim, Peter W. Andrew, E. Richard Moxon, Marco R. Oggioni
Summary: The study shows that the spleen is the reservoir of bacteremia during pneumonia, not the lungs. This finding provides a mechanistic basis for using combination therapies including macrolides in the treatment of severe community-acquired pneumococcal pneumonia.
Review
Infectious Diseases
Matthew C. Phillips, Noah Wald-Dickler, Kusha Davar, Rachael Lee, Rachel Baden, Paul Holtom, Brad Spellberg
Summary: This article reviews the current literature on the use of oral transitional therapy for the treatment of bacteraemia and infective endocarditis, and compares it to the traditional IV-only approach. The study found that oral therapy is not inferior to IV therapy in terms of treatment outcomes, and it can reduce hospital stay and decrease the occurrence of adverse events.
CLINICAL MICROBIOLOGY AND INFECTION
(2023)
Article
Allergy
Antonino Romano, Rocco Luigi Valluzzi, Francesco Gaeta, Cristiano Caruso, Alessandra Zaffiro, Donato Quaratino, Didier Ebo, Vito Sabato
Summary: The timing of a reaction in response to the last dose of a penicillin can predict the results of diagnostic testing. IgE-mediated hypersensitivity can be diagnosed by skin tests in about 70% of subjects who react within 1 hour. However, this hypersensitivity can be lost over time.
JOURNAL OF ALLERGY AND CLINICAL IMMUNOLOGY-IN PRACTICE
(2022)
Article
Oncology
Mike Wenzel, Jost von Hardenberg, Maria N. Welte, Samuel Doryumu, Benedikt Hoeh, Clarissa Wittler, Thomas Hoefner, Maximilian C. Kriegmair, Maurice S. Michel, Felix KH. Chun, Jonas Herrmann, Philipp Mandel, Niklas Westhoff
Summary: Comparison between cephalosporins and fluoroquinolones for antibiotic monoprophylaxis after transrectal prostate biopsies showed similar low rates of severe infectious complications, indicating both are effective in preventing post-biopsy infections.
FRONTIERS IN ONCOLOGY
(2021)
Article
Health Care Sciences & Services
Christopher W. Goodman, Julie Justo, Cindy Merrow, Phillip Prest, Elizabeth Ramsey, Donna Ray
Summary: The QUEST program engages learners in interprofessional healthcare improvement, resulting in 27 unique quality improvement projects completed by three cohorts of health professions learners. QI knowledge and teamwork readiness have both significantly increased through the program.
JOURNAL OF INTERPROFESSIONAL CARE
(2022)
Editorial Material
Infectious Diseases
Pamela Bailey, Majdi N. Al-Hasan
CLINICAL MICROBIOLOGY AND INFECTION
(2023)
Review
Pharmacology & Pharmacy
Kayla Antosz, Sarah Battle, Jack Chang, Marc H. Scheetz, Majdi Al-Hasan, P. Brandon Bookstaver
Summary: Infections of the central nervous system (CNS) are challenging to treat. The use of antistaphylococcal penicillins presents challenges, such as frequent dosing administration and adverse events. This review suggests that dose optimized cefazolin is a safe and effective alternative for CNS infections due to methicillin-susceptible Staphylococcus aureus.
Article
Infectious Diseases
Yuwei Vivian Tsai, Caroline Derrick, Ismaeel Yunusa, Sharon Weissman, Majdi N. Al-Hasan, Julie Ann Justo, Paul Brandon Bookstaver
Summary: Nontuberculous mycobacterial (NTM) infections pose treatment challenges and limited data exists on treatment outcomes in U.S. adults. This retrospective study analyzed a cohort of NTM-infected adults and found Mycobacterium avium intracellulare complex and Mycobacterium abscessus to be the most prevalent isolates. Only 35% of patients received treatment, with a favorable outcome observed in 61.4% of cases. Multiple changes in antimicrobial therapy were associated with unfavorable outcomes, highlighting the importance of interdisciplinary collaboration to improve treatment outcomes in NTM infections.
Article
Infectious Diseases
Brian J. Haimerl, Rodrigo Encinas, Julie Ann Justo, Joseph Kohn, P. Brandon Bookstaver, Hana Rac Winders, Majdi N. Al-Hasan
Summary: This study investigated the impact of using the ESBL prediction score on the time to appropriate antimicrobial therapy for bloodstream infection (BSI). The results showed that the implementation of the score significantly reduced the time to initiate appropriate antimicrobial therapy.
Editorial Material
Medicine, General & Internal
Erin K. McCreary, Zahra Kassamali Escobar, Julie Ann Justo
Article
Immunology
Eric Senneville, Zaina Albalawi, Suzanne A. van Asten, Zulfiqarali G. Abbas, Geneve Allison, Javier Aragon-Sanchez, John M. Embil, Lawrence A. Lavery, Majdi Alhasan, Orhan Oz, Ilker Uckay, Vilma Urbancic-Rovan, Zhang-Rong Xu, Edgar J. G. Peters
Summary: The International Working Group on the Diabetic Foot has published evidence-based guidelines on the management and prevention of diabetes-related foot diseases since 1999. This updated guideline uses the GRADE framework and provides recommendations for healthcare professionals involved in diabetes-related foot care. The recommendations cover various aspects of foot infections in diabetes patients, including diagnosis, treatment, and adjunctive therapies. The guideline aims to improve patient care, reduce amputations, and lessen the burden of diabetes-related foot disease.
CLINICAL INFECTIOUS DISEASES
(2023)
Review
Endocrinology & Metabolism
Eric Senneville, Zaina Albalawi, Suzanne A. van Asten, Zulfiqarali G. Abbas, Geneve Allison, Javier Aragon-Sanchez, John M. Embil, Lawrence A. Lavery, Majdi Alhasan, Orhan Oz, Ilker Uckay, Vilma Urbancic-Rovan, Zhang-Rong Xu, Edgar J. G. Peters
Summary: The accurate diagnosis of diabetic foot infections is crucial for the management and prognosis of patients. Clinical signs and symptoms as well as the classification system can help predict the need for hospitalization, amputation, and mortality. Serum inflammatory markers provide supportive, but not definitive, evidence of soft tissue infection. Tissue culture yields more accurate microbiological information compared to superficial samples. Advanced imaging methods such as MRI and nuclear imaging can assist in diagnosing and localizing infection.
DIABETES-METABOLISM RESEARCH AND REVIEWS
(2023)
Article
Endocrinology & Metabolism
Eric Senneville, Zaina Albalawi, Suzanne A. van Asten, Zulfiqarali G. Abbas, Geneve Allison, Javier Aragon-Sanchez, John M. Embil, Lawrence A. Lavery, Majdi Alhasan, Orhan Oz, Ilker Uckay, Vilma Urbancic-Rovan, Zhang-Rong Xu, Edgar J. G. Peters
Summary: The International Working Group on the Diabetic Foot (IWGDF) has published evidence-based guidelines on the management and prevention of diabetes-related foot diseases since 1999. This guideline is an update of the 2019 IWGDF guideline on the diagnosis and management of foot infections in persons with diabetes mellitus, developed using the GRADE framework. The recommendations cover various aspects of diagnosing and treating foot infections in diabetic patients, aimed at improving patient care, reducing amputations, and alleviating the burden of diabetes-related foot disease.
DIABETES-METABOLISM RESEARCH AND REVIEWS
(2023)
Review
Endocrinology & Metabolism
Edgar J. G. Peters, Zaina Albalawi, Suzanne A. van Asten, Zulfiqarali G. Abbas, Geneve Allison, Javier Aragon-Sanchez, John M. Embil, Lawrence A. Lavery, Majdi Alhasan, Orhan Oz, Ilker Uckay, Vilma Urbancic-Rovan, Zhang-Rong Xu, Eric Senneville
Summary: The optimal approaches to managing diabetic foot infections are still challenging, as existing studies on different treatment strategies generally produce comparable results and lack high-quality data. Recent research shows that treatment methods yield similar results for skin and soft tissue infections as well as osteomyelitis in patients with diabetes, with a few exceptions. Antibiotic therapy can be shortened to 10 days post-surgical debridement for moderate or severe infections, while for osteomyelitis, the treatment duration can be reduced to 3 weeks post-surgical debridement. There is insufficient high-quality evidence for the effectiveness of various adjunctive therapies. Further well-designed trials are needed to support treatment recommendations.
DIABETES-METABOLISM RESEARCH AND REVIEWS
(2023)
Review
Immunology
Emily L. Heil, Julie Ann Justo, Jaqueline T. Bork
Summary: Inpatient antimicrobial stewardship programs aim to improve antibiotic practices by augmenting provider prescription. This review provides guidance on creating and maintaining alerts for prospective audit and feedback reviews, modifying antibiotic restrictions for preauthorization policies, and prioritizing initiatives. Daily prioritization tools, such as the tiered approach, scoring systems, and regression modeling, can help stewardship teams be productive and impactful in the face of limited resources or competing priorities.
OPEN FORUM INFECTIOUS DISEASES
(2023)
Article
Microbiology
Lynn E. Broermann, Majdi N. Al-Hasan, Sarah Withers, Kristina L. Benbow, Taylor Ramsey, Meghan Mctavish, Hana R. Winders
Summary: This retrospective cohort study compares the effectiveness of partial oral antibiotic regimens to standard intravenous therapy in uncomplicated bloodstream infections caused by Streptococcus species. The study found that partial oral therapy does not have a higher risk of treatment failure and may result in shorter hospital stays compared to standard intravenous therapy.
Article
Infectious Diseases
Jordan Jones, Kamla Sanasi-Bhola, Majdi N. N. Al-Hasan, Layne Reihart, Julie Ann Justo, P. Brandon Bookstaver
Summary: Prompt treatment of candidemia is crucial, especially in immunocompromised patients. However, there may be discordance among different diagnostic methods, leading to delayed therapy. This case emphasizes the importance of understanding and interpreting rapid diagnostic technologies, shared decision-making in antimicrobial management, and the responsibility of antimicrobial stewardship teams.
THERAPEUTIC ADVANCES IN INFECTIOUS DISEASE
(2022)
Article
Pharmacology & Pharmacy
Gary Fong, Elias B. Chahine, Julie Ann Justo, Navaneeth Narayanan, Emily L. Heil, Kayla R. Stover, Jonathan C. Cho, Zachary N. Jenkins, Conan MacDougall
Summary: Antimicrobial PK instruction in U.S. pharmacy schools and colleges is inconsistent, with traditional progressive curriculum programs potentially offering more opportunities for antimicrobial PK instruction compared to integrated block curriculum programs, and some educators believing that more time is needed to teach PK.
JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN COLLEGE OF CLINICAL PHARMACY
(2022)
Review
Infectious Diseases
Allison M. Hitchcock, Wesley D. Kufel, Keri A. Mastro Dwyer, Eric F. Sidman
Summary: Lenacapavir is a novel HIV-1 treatment option for patients with multidrug-resistant (MDR) HIV-1 infection. It has a favorable pharmacokinetic profile and has shown good tolerability and efficacy in clinical trials.
INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ANTIMICROBIAL AGENTS
(2024)
Article
Infectious Diseases
Roberta Gagliardini, Alessandro Tavelli, Stefano Rusconi, Sergio Lo Caputo, Vincenzo Spagnuolo, Maria Mercedes Santoro, Andrea Costantini, Alessandra Vergori, Franco Maggiolo, Andrea Giacomelli, Giulia Burastero, Giordano Madeddu, Eugenia Quiros Roldan, Antonella d'Arminio Monforte, Andrea Antinori, Alessandro Cozzi-Lepri
Summary: This study evaluated multiple treatment failures to modern antiretroviral therapy in HIV-infected individuals and found that approximately 4% of them were difficult to treat. The difficult to treat group, compared to the non-difficult to treat group, was characterized by older age, higher prevalence of AIDS, lower CD4+ cell count, and higher risk of treatment failure.
INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ANTIMICROBIAL AGENTS
(2024)