Chemical composition of clove bud oil and development of clove bud oil loaded niosomes against three larvae species

Vesicular drug delivery systems have gained importance in new-age drug targeted therapies due to their simple and efficient mechanism. In this study, attempts were made on the synthesis of niosomes using clove bud oil and its evaluation against mosquito larvicidal activity. Using transmembrane pH method, clove bud oil loaded niosomes were prepared with cholesterol and surfactant variants of Span 20, 60 and 80. Dicetyl phosphate was added to avoid niosomes aggregation. The synthesized niosomes were characterized by Zeta potential, particle size, FT-IR and SEM analysis to evaluate charge, size, morphology and functional properties. Larvicidal property of niosomes was tested against II to IV instar larval stages of Aedes aegypti, Anopheles stephensi and Culex quinquefasciatus at various concentrations for 24 h and LC50 value was calculated. The results exhibited that the clove bud oil loaded niosomes had greater larvicidal efficiency against tested mosquito species and these niosomes can be used as potential mosquito control agents. The results also suggested that niosome preparation could desirably be altered according to the drug of interest with greater stability and could be used in various biotechnological applications and drug delivery systems.