Journal
AMERICAN JOURNAL OF ROENTGENOLOGY
Volume 207, Issue 4, Pages 859-864Publisher
AMER ROENTGEN RAY SOC
DOI: 10.2214/AJR.15.15813
Keywords
classifier; nodule; thyroid; ultrasound
Funding
- Planned Project of Health Department of Jiangsu Province [H201227]
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OBJECTIVE. The purpose of this article is to construct classifier models using machine learning algorithms and to evaluate their diagnostic performances for differentiating malignant from benign thyroid nodules. MATERIALS AND METHODS. This study included 970 histopathologically proven thyroid nodules in 970 patients. Two radiologists retrospectively reviewed ultrasound images, and nodules were graded according to a five-tier sonographic scoring system. Statistically significant variables based on an experienced radiologist's observations were obtained with attribute optimization using fivefold cross-validation and applied as the input nodes to build models for predicting malignancy of nodules. The performances of the machine learning algorithms and radiologists were compared using ROC curve analysis. RESULTS. Diagnosis by the experienced radiologist achieved the highest predictive accuracy of 88.66% with a specificity of 85.33%, whereas the radial basis function (RBF)-neural network (NN) achieved the highest sensitivity of 92.31%. The AUC value for diagnosis by the experienced radiologist (AUC = 0.9135) was greater than those for diagnosis by the less experienced radiologist, the naive Bayes classifier, the support vector machine, and the RBF-NN (AUC = 0.8492, 0.8811, 0.9033, and 0.9103, respectively; p < 0.05). CONCLUSION. The machine learning algorithms underperformed with respect to the experienced radiologist's readings used to construct them, and the RBF-NN outperformed the other machine learning algorithm models.
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