Article
Psychology, Multidisciplinary
Iliana I. Karipidis, Georgette Pleisch, Sarah V. Di Pietro, Gorka Fraga-Gonzalez, Silvia Brem
Summary: This study investigated the development of audiovisual processing and integration of letter-speech sound pairs using functional MRI in children at different stages of reading acquisition. Results showed that children with typical reading fluency skills displayed increased activation in certain brain regions, while poor readers did not show the same development. The incongruency effect at an early stage was significantly associated with reading fluency skills later on.
FRONTIERS IN PSYCHOLOGY
(2021)
Article
Psychology, Multidisciplinary
Zhichao Xia, Ting Yang, Xin Cui, Fumiko Hoeft, Hong Liu, Xianglin Zhang, Xiangping Liu, Hua Shu
Summary: Conquering print-sound mappings is crucial for reading development. Neuroimaging research has shown that this ability can be measured by activation differences in the brain. However, existing evidence is limited to alphabetic languages, and little is known about the multisensory processing of print and sound in Chinese dyslexia. In this study, functional magnetic resonance imaging was used to investigate the possible dysfunctions in processing character-sound and pinyin-sound associations in Chinese dyslexic children. The results revealed some atypical correlations between neural integration and different reading abilities in dyslexia.
FRONTIERS IN PSYCHOLOGY
(2022)
Article
Computer Science, Information Systems
Suyanto Suyanto, Andi Sunyoto, Rezza Nafi Ismail, Ema Rachmawati, Warih Maharani
Summary: A phonemicization or grapheme-to-phoneme conversion (G2P) is a process of converting a word into its pronunciation. Traditional machine learning (ML) based G2P models combined with specific linguistic knowledge are suitable for low-resource languages, but there is still room for improvement due to various issues. In this study, an Indonesian G2P model based on n-gram combined with stemmer and phonotactic rules (NGTSP) is proposed to address these problems, achieving a lower PER and faster processing time.
JOURNAL OF KING SAUD UNIVERSITY-COMPUTER AND INFORMATION SCIENCES
(2022)
Article
Neurosciences
Oscar Woolnough, Cristian Donos, Aidan Curtis, Patrick S. Rollo, Zachary J. Roccaforte, Stanislas Dehaene, Simon Fischer-Baum, Nitin Tandon
Summary: Reading words aloud is a fundamental aspect of literacy. The study found that lexicality is encoded earliest in the mid-fusiform cortex and precentral sulcus, while word frequency is first represented in the mid-fusiform cortex and later in the inferior frontal gyrus and inferior parietal sulcus. Orthographic neighborhood sensitivity resides solely in the inferior parietal sulcus.
JOURNAL OF NEUROSCIENCE
(2022)
Article
Chemistry, Multidisciplinary
Piotr Klosowski
Summary: This article presents a rule-based method and algorithm for grapheme-to-phoneme conversion in Polish. The algorithm, implemented as the TransFon software application, allows the creation of a phonemic Polish language corpus. This provides opportunities for improving automatic speech recognition in Polish.
APPLIED SCIENCES-BASEL
(2022)
Article
Neurosciences
Anastasia Klimovich-Gray, Giovanni Di Liberto, Lucia Amoruso, Ander Barrena, Eneko Agirre, Nicola Molinaro
Summary: Early research suggested that individuals with developmental dyslexia utilize contextual information as compensation for phonological deficits, but there is currently no neuro-cognitive evidence to support this. This study used a combination of magnetoencephalography (MEG), neural encoding, and grey matter volume analyses to investigate this issue. The results showed that dyslexic readers had a deficit in speech envelope tracking, and their reading performance was related to semantic compensatory mechanisms in the right hemisphere.
Article
Psychology, Multidisciplinary
Gorka Fraga-Gonzalez, Dirk J. A. Smit, Melle J. W. Van der Molen, Jurgen Tijms, Cornelis J. Stam, Eco J. C. de Geus, Maurits W. Van der Molen
Summary: The study found lower level of theta connectivity and network integration in dyslexics compared to typical readers during a task, despite both groups showing similar improvements in accuracy. Although both groups learned new associations similarly, the EEG analysis revealed significant differences in brain network activity between dyslexics and typical readers.
FRONTIERS IN PSYCHOLOGY
(2021)
Article
Neurosciences
Joanna Beck, Gabriela Dziegiel-Fivet, Katarzyna Jednor
Summary: The study compared the integration of letter-speech (LS) associations in blind Braille readers and sighted print readers. Both groups showed activation in the superior temporal cortex (STC) when presented with isolated letters and speech sounds, and enhanced activation when both were presented together. However, the direction of the congruency effect differed between the groups. The findings suggest that the neural mechanisms for audiotactile LS integration may differ between blind and sighted readers, possibly due to differences in reading modalities.
Article
Neurosciences
Florian Destoky, Julie Bertels, Maxime Niesen, Vincent Wens, Marc Vander Ghinst, Antonin Rovai, Nicola Trotta, Marie Lallier, Xavier De Tiege, Mathieu Bourguignon
Summary: The study found altered neural basis of speech perception in children with dyslexia in different auditory conditions. These alterations are associated with reduced reading level, suggesting they are driven by reduced reading experience rather than a cause of dyslexia. Additionally, in severe dyslexia, altered lateralization of phrasal speech is related to impaired rapid automatized naming ability.
Article
Neurosciences
Jonathan E. Peelle, Brent Spehar, Michael S. Jones, Sarah McConkey, Joel Myerson, Sandra Hale, Mitchell S. Sommers, Nancy Tye-Murray
Summary: This study used fMRI to investigate brain activity during audiovisual speech perception in adult humans. Results showed recruitment of auditory and visual cortex, with increased involvement of premotor cortex in certain conditions. Stronger neural connectivity between auditory and visual cortices was observed in audiovisual conditions, involving a network of regions. The left posterior superior temporal sulcus (pSTS) showed evidence of activity and effective connectivity in audiovisual speech perception.
JOURNAL OF NEUROSCIENCE
(2022)
Article
Neurosciences
Lei Zhang, Yi Du
Summary: This fMRI study investigated the neural mechanisms of the perceptual benefit of lip movements during speech perception. The results showed that lip movements improved recognition of phonemic features and enhanced neural representations in the left auditory dorsal stream regions. Different regions were found to encode voicing and place of articulation features differently in response to lip movements. Dynamic causal modeling analysis revealed strengthened effective connectivity along the dorsal stream. Furthermore, the microstructural architecture of the left arcuate fasciculus was found to predict the visual enhancements of neural representations and effective connectivity. These findings provide novel insights into the role of lip movements in speech perception.
Article
Multidisciplinary Sciences
Junjun Li, Yang Yang, Nestor Vinas-Guasch, Yinghui Yang, Hong-Yan Bi
Summary: This study used functional magnetic resonance imaging to investigate the brain networks involved in audiovisual integration during reading in children and adults. The results revealed enhanced connectivity in a prefrontal-superior temporal network in adults compared to children, reflecting the development of attentional modulation of audiovisual integration involved in reading processing. Additionally, the strength of this brain network's connectivity was correlated with reading accuracy.
ANNALS OF THE NEW YORK ACADEMY OF SCIENCES
(2023)
Review
Behavioral Sciences
Grace Pulliam, Jacob I. Feldman, Tiffany G. Woynaroski
Summary: This study systematically reviewed and synthesized the literature on audiovisual multisensory integration in individuals with reading and language impairments, finding differences in sensory function between these individuals and comparisons. However, there was a small and nonsignificant correlation between audiovisual integration and reading or language ability.
NEUROSCIENCE AND BIOBEHAVIORAL REVIEWS
(2023)
Article
Neuroimaging
Linda Romanovska, Roef Janssen, Milene Bonte
Summary: The study found that children with dyslexia have less automatized letter-speech sound associations compared to typical readers, with reduced activation in the left fusiform. Additionally, children with better reading and phonological skills showed enhanced audio-visual activation, while higher activation in the bilateral superior temporal cortex was associated with lower letter-speech sound identification fluency.
NEUROIMAGE-CLINICAL
(2021)
Article
Multidisciplinary Sciences
Nikos Chalas, Diana Omigie, David Poeppel, Virginie van Wassenhove
Summary: Using magnetoencephalography, researchers examined how the frequency-specific dynamics of human brain activity adapt to audiovisual speech delays. They found that the amplitude of phase-locked responses decreases with natural audiovisual speech synchrony, consistent with predictive coding. The temporal statistics of audiovisual speech also affect large-scale oscillatory networks in the brain, with high-frequency activity contingent on the phase response of low-frequency networks.
Article
Audiology & Speech-Language Pathology
Sarah Schuster, Stefan Hawelka, Nicole Alexandra Himmelstoss, Fabio Richlan, Florian Hutzler
LANGUAGE COGNITION AND NEUROSCIENCE
(2020)
Article
Neurosciences
Benjamin Gagl, Jona Sassenhagen, Sophia Haan, Klara Gregorova, Fabio Richlan, Christian J. Fiebach
Article
Neurosciences
Sarah Schuster, Nicole Alexandra Himmelstoss, Florian Hutzler, Fabio Richlan, Martin Kronbichler, Stefan Hawelka
Summary: This study investigated the hemodynamic effects of predictive processing during natural reading by combining fMRI and eye movement recordings. The results suggest an effect of precision on prediction update in higher (lexico-)semantic levels, but no disproportionate reading times on participants' eye movements were observed. The findings do not support discrete predictions, favoring the idea that multiple words are activated in parallel during reading.
Article
Multidisciplinary Sciences
Florian Hutzler, Fabio Richlan, Michael Christian Leitner, Sarah Schuster, Mario Braun, Stefan Hawelka
Summary: Humans often underestimate exponential growth, but with logarithmic scaling, they can more accurately predict it. Research shows that the logarithmic depiction is conducive for detecting exponential growth, especially during early phases and resurgences of exponential growth.
ROYAL SOCIETY OPEN SCIENCE
(2021)
Review
Behavioral Sciences
Meaghan Perdue, Kelly Mahaffy, Katherine Vlahcevic, Emma Wolfman, Florina Erbeli, Fabio Richlan, Nicole Landi
Summary: Behavioral research supports the efficacy of intervention for reading disability, but the underlying brain mechanisms are not well understood. A review of neuroimaging studies reveals changes in brain activation, connectivity, and structure after reading intervention. However, a meta-analysis did not find significant effects of brain activation changes. Further research is needed to examine factors that may moderate these effects.
NEUROSCIENCE AND BIOBEHAVIORAL REVIEWS
(2022)
Article
Linguistics
Federica Longo, Mario Braun, Florian Hutzler, Fabio Richlan
Summary: This study investigated the organization of semantic knowledge during a semantic categorization task and found that reaction times were faster for living concepts compared to non-living concepts, and for concepts with a high number of features compared to concepts with a low number of features. Additionally, tDCS had a general weakening effect on reaction times.
JOURNAL OF NEUROLINGUISTICS
(2022)
Article
Biochemical Research Methods
Benjamin Gagl, Fabio Richlan, Philipp Ludersdorfer, Jona Sassenhagen, Susanne Eisenhauer, Klara Gregorova, Christian J. Fiebach
Summary: Researchers propose a lexical categorization model (LCM) to explain the functional role of the left-ventral occipito-temporal cortex (lvOT) in reading. The LCM successfully predicts lvOT activation and demonstrates that training the lexical categorization process can improve reading performance.
PLOS COMPUTATIONAL BIOLOGY
(2022)
Review
Neurosciences
Jeremias Braid, Fabio Richlan
Summary: This article reviews the literature on the brain mechanisms underlying reading improvements following behavioral intervention for reading disability. It discusses evidence of neuroplasticity related to functional brain activation, brain structure, and brain connectivity in reading intervention. The article compares the functional neuroanatomy of reading intervention to existing literature on neurocognitive models and brain abnormalities associated with reading disability. The review highlights the left hemisphere reading network and potential normalization/compensation mechanisms involving other brain regions. However, there is a lack of sufficient evidence regarding rehabilitative brain mechanisms in reading disability, which is discussed in this review.
FRONTIERS IN NEUROSCIENCE
(2022)
Article
Anatomy & Morphology
Xiaohui Cui, Fabio Richlan, Wei Zhou
Summary: This study investigated the neural mechanism of parafoveal processing during Chinese word reading using eye-tracking and fMRI. The findings suggest that fixation-related brain activation provides immediate measures and new perspectives to understand the mechanism of parafoveal processing in self-paced reading.
BRAIN STRUCTURE & FUNCTION
(2022)
Article
Humanities, Multidisciplinary
Fabio Richlan, J. Lukas Thuermer, Jeremias Braid, Patrick Kastner, Michael Christian Leitner
Summary: This multi-study article examines the subjective experience of professional football referees and players during the COVID-19 pandemic and ghost games. The results show that ghost games are less motivating, less exciting, less emotional, and more negative for referees compared to regular games. Facial expression analysis supports these findings.
HUMANITIES & SOCIAL SCIENCES COMMUNICATIONS
(2023)
Review
Psychology, Multidisciplinary
Fabio Richlan, Moritz Weiss, Patrick Kastner, Jeremias Braid
Summary: This article presents a narrative review of intervention studies using Virtual Reality (VR) in sports contexts. The review summarizes the main characteristics and findings of 12 studies, which showed that VR training has the potential to enhance sports performance by improving motor and psychological skills in athletes. The article discusses the neurocognitive mechanisms, methodological aspects, and issues of real-world transfer and generalizability related to these improvements.
FRONTIERS IN PSYCHOLOGY
(2023)
Article
Sport Sciences
Michael Christian Leitner, Fabio Richlan
Summary: The lack of or limited attendance of supporters in European elite football leagues during the COVID-19 pandemic led to a decrease in home advantage effect, with home teams being more frequently booked with yellow cards for committing fouls in ghost games. Referees assessed the play of home teams more objectively during ghost games, resulting in a reduction of unconscious favoritism towards home teams.
FRONTIERS IN SPORTS AND ACTIVE LIVING
(2021)
Article
Humanities, Multidisciplinary
Michael Christian Leitner, Fabio Richlan
Summary: The study found that during the "ghost games" of the COVID-19 pandemic, emotions were more stable compared to regular games, but self-adaptive, protest, and fair-play behaviors increased, while verbal fights and discussions decreased. Referees were more actively involved in emotional situations in regular games, while their involvement decreased in "ghost games."
HUMANITIES & SOCIAL SCIENCES COMMUNICATIONS
(2021)
Article
Multidisciplinary Sciences
S. Brem, U. Maurer, M. Kronbichler, M. Schurz, F. Richlan, V. Blau, J. Reithler, S. van der Mark, E. Schulz, K. Bucher, K. Moll, K. Landerl, E. Martin, R. Goebel, G. Schulte-Koerne, L. Blomert, H. Wimmer, D. Brandeis
SCIENTIFIC REPORTS
(2020)
Review
Psychology, Multidisciplinary
Fabio Richlan
FRONTIERS IN PSYCHOLOGY
(2020)
