Combinations and loads of bacteria affect the cytokine production by fetal membranes: An in vitro study

ProblemThe polybacterial invasion and inflammation of the amniotic cavity is a common scenario in PTB, and then, we analyzed the cytokine production by human fetal membranes to better understand the host response to polybacterial infections. Method of studyFetal membranes were treated by heat-inactivated genital mycoplasmas and Gardnerella vaginalis at 10(3) or 10(6) colony/color-forming units/mL alone or in combination. Cytokines/receptors were measured in the medium by immunoassays. ResultsStimulation of genital mycoplasmas did not increase the proinflammatory cytokines, except Ureaplasma urealyticum that increased IL-8 levels. However, U. urealyticum and Mycoplasma hominis significantly increased IL-10 and IL-13 levels. G. vaginalis alone or in combination with genital mycoplasmas showed an increased proinflammatory and anti-inflammatory cytokines. ConclusionsG. vaginalis sustain a proinflammatory response in the fetal membranes in vitro, while genital mycoplasmas induce a strong control of the inflammatory response. The ability of genital mycoplasmas to control the proinflammatory response may favor their survival in the upper genital tract.