Article
Energy & Fuels
Bo Yang, Le Ning, Bing Liu, Guyu Huang, Yanxing Cui, Ke Zeng
Summary: The natural gas-air mixture state has significant influence on particulate emissions characteristics, especially in reducing ultrafine particulate emissions.
Review
Thermodynamics
Seyyed Hassan Hosseini, Athanasios Tsolakis, Avinash Alagumalai, Omid Mahian, Su Shiung Lam, Junting Pan, Wanxi Peng, Meisam Tabatabaei, Mortaza Aghbashlo
Summary: Hydrogen is a promising energy carrier that can be produced from renewable resources. It can be used in diesel engines with little modification and has the potential to improve performance and reduce emissions. However, there are challenges such as knocking combustion and higher nitrogen oxide emissions. This paper comprehensively reviews the effects of hydrogen on dual-fuel diesel engines and discusses opportunities and limitations. Suggestions for improving hydrogen-fueled diesel engines include reformulating pilot fuel, blending hydrogen with other fuels, adjusting engine parameters, and using exhaust gas catalysts.
PROGRESS IN ENERGY AND COMBUSTION SCIENCE
(2023)
Article
Energy & Fuels
Antonio Garcia, Javier Monsalve-Serrano, David Villalta, Maria Guzman-Mendoza
Summary: Recent investigations have shown advancements in combustion strategies and fuel exploration for internal combustion engines. Findings indicate that diesel-methanol fuel blends exhibit comparable performance to diesel-gasoline blends, while substituting diesel with OMEx has the potential to meet EURO VI and potential EURO VII emission standards.
Article
Energy & Fuels
Zhiyong Li, Yang Wang, Zibin Yin, Zhanbin Gao, Yongjian Wang, Xudong Zhen
Summary: This study investigates the effects of dual-fuel injector parameters on the performance and emissions of a diesel/methanol dual-fuel direct injection engine using a three-dimensional simulation model. The results show that the combination of nozzle number and diameter has a significant impact on fuel economy and emissions, and the spray spatial angle also has some influence on performance and emissions.
Article
Chemistry, Analytical
Paul Koesling, Christopher P. Rueger, Julian Schade, Sven Ehlert, Uwe Etzien, Anton N. Kozhinov, Yury O. Tsybin, Martin Rigler, Thomas Adam, Andreas Walte, Bert Buchholz, Ralf Zimmermann
Summary: This study evaluated the field-suitability of a prototype vacuum photoionization Orbitrap mass spectrometer through online on-site investigation of emissions from a ship diesel engine. The mass spectrometer showed high resolution and mass accuracy, allowing for selective and sensitive analysis of aromatic hydrocarbons. The study also found that the emerging fuel VLSFO emitted a substantial amount of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs), indicating the need for further chemical criteria in legislative measures.
ANALYTICAL CHEMISTRY
(2022)
Article
Engineering, Chemical
Weiqi Chen, Qisheng Ou, Xin Liu, Matti Maricq, Zhengyuan Pan, David Kittelson, David Y. H. Pui
Summary: A gasoline particulate filter is an effective technology for controlling particulate matter emissions from gasoline engines. A dynamic filter model has been developed to predict the efficiency and pressure drop under different operating conditions. The model has been validated and can be used for future optimization.
SEPARATION AND PURIFICATION TECHNOLOGY
(2023)
Article
Energy & Fuels
Zhanming Chen, Jingjing He, Hao Chen, Limin Geng, Peng Zhang
Summary: A comparative study on the effects of energy substitution ratio (ESR) on the combustion characteristics and performance of a dual fuel engine fueled with diesel/alcohols was conducted. Premixed combustion of diesel was influenced by alcohol enrichment, affecting ignition delay and combustion duration. Methanol was found to be most beneficial in prolonging ignition delay and shortening combustion duration. Energy substitution ratio also affected brake thermal efficiency (BTE) and NOx emissions differently for different alcohol types.
Article
Energy & Fuels
J. M. Herreros, F. Oliva, S. Zeraati-Rezaei, A. Tsolakis, J. Delgado
Summary: The study investigates the effects of using an aniline octane enhancer in commercial gasoline on the performance of a Three Way Catalytic Converter (TWC) coupled to a Gasoline Direct Injection (GDI) engine. The results show that the additive did not have any detrimental effect on the efficiency/performance of the TWC.
Article
Engineering, Environmental
Miroslav Blaz, Milan Zalud, Petr Koci, Andrew York, Christian M. Schleputz, Marco Stampanoni, Vladimir Novak
Summary: This paper introduces a new application of time-resolved X-ray tomography (XRT) in imaging the washcoating process in catalytic monolith filters. The study focuses on alumina washcoats with different particle size distributions deposited on a cordierite substrate. The results provide insights into the drying dynamics of the porous filter wall and the on-wall catalyst layer, with additional analysis on the impact of washcoat structure on filter pressure loss.
CHEMICAL ENGINEERING JOURNAL
(2021)
Article
Energy & Fuels
Yang Ling, Jiang Wu, Bin Li, Dongjing Liu
Summary: Graphitic carbon nitride (g-C3N4) has been proven to be an effective adsorbent for elemental mercury (Hg-0) removal in flue gas due to its unique electronic structure and stability. The presence of active edge sites on g-C3N4 nanoplates enhances the Hg-0 adsorption ability, with surfaces defects playing a crucial role in the bonding mechanisms at the atomic level. The location of defects, particularly exposed surface nitrogen, significantly impacts the mercury capture ability of g-C3N4.
Article
Energy & Fuels
Kemal Masera, Abul K. Hossain
Summary: The study introduces a new design combining SCR and SNCR systems for low power density diesel engines to reduce NOx emissions. Injection of distilled water and urea-water solution can effectively decrease CO and NO emissions from both fossil diesel and biodiesels.
Article
Energy & Fuels
Usman Asad, Prasad S. Divekar, Ming Zheng
Summary: Dual-fuel combustion of ethanol and diesel in a high-compression ratio diesel engine showed improved combustion performance, reduced NOx and soot emissions, and increased net indicated efficiency compared to conventional diesel high-temperature combustion. The use of renewable bio-fuels such as ethanol in dual-fuel combustion can help reduce reliance on fossil fuels, lower greenhouse gas emissions, and enhance the viability of diesel engines for heavy-duty transport applications.
Article
Energy & Fuels
Pedro Piqueras, Maria Jose Ruiz, Jose Martin Herreros, Athanasios Tsolakis
Summary: This study investigates the impact of alternative fuels on the abatement of pollutants using oxidation catalysts. Findings suggest that engine-out emissions play a crucial role in the conversion efficiency of pollutants, highlighting the importance of low engine-out emissions and low light alkanes content in total HC to reduce the light-off temperature.
Article
Energy & Fuels
Decheng Li, Xiumin Yu, Zezhou Guo, Jufang Zhang, Tianqi Wang, Yanwei Li
Summary: The development of green fuels is crucial for addressing energy crises and environmental issues. Isopropanol is a promising renewable fuel for SI engines, but there have been limited studies on its use in dual-fuel engines with combined injection technology. This study investigates the effects of isopropanol/gasoline dual-fuel combined injection on combustion and emissions characteristics. The results show that isopropanol addition improves combustion, increases power, and reduces emissions.
Article
Thermodynamics
Junheng Liu, Wenwen Liang, Haoran Ma, Qian Ji, Pan Xiang, Ping Sun, Pan Wang, Mingliang Wei, Hongjie Ma
Summary: This study investigated the effects of a methanol/diesel dual-fuel combustion mode and an after-treatment system on the performance and emissions of a non-road diesel engine. The results showed that the dual-fuel mode reduced nitrogen oxide and soot emissions, but increased nitrogen dioxide, methanol, and formaldehyde emissions. The after-treatment system effectively reduced emissions and met the non-road emission standards.
Article
Energy & Fuels
Antonio Garcia, Javier Monsalve-Serrano, Rafael Lago Sari, Santiago Martinez-Boggio
Summary: The study assesses the potential and challenges of using an RCCI engine in a series hybrid truck, with experimental results showing good agreement with numerical simulations and CO2 emissions below 3%. Using OMEx can further reduce NOx and soot emissions, with a potential CO2 reduction of over 25% compared to current commercial trucks.
Article
Thermodynamics
Antonio Garcia, Javier Monsalve-Serrano, David Villalta, Maria Gabriela Guzman
Summary: This study evaluates the impact of different injectors on emissions and performance of heavy and medium-duty vehicles, and determines the optimal hardware combination for achieving a balance between emissions and fuel consumption. The results indicate that a low flowrate injector, coupled with a cylinder-head that achieves a swirl ratio of 1.81, performs the best among the tested hardware combinations.
INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENGINE RESEARCH
(2023)
Article
Thermodynamics
Antonio Garcia, Peng Zhao, Javier Monsalve-Serrano, David Villalta, Santiago Martinez-Boggio
Summary: Lithium-ion cells are a promising solution for energy storage in future transportation, but thermal safety is crucial. This study characterized the thermal runaway behavior of three commercially available cylindrical cells and found the temperature ranges for different states of charge.
APPLIED THERMAL ENGINEERING
(2023)
Article
Thermodynamics
Antonio Garcia, Javier Monsalve-Serrano, Santiago Martinez-Boggio, Diego Golke
Summary: The 2035 European Union ban on internal combustion engines promotes the adoption of alternative propulsion technologies in the transport industry, particularly electric vehicles with lithium-ion batteries. However, challenges such as battery deterioration, charging times, and safety must be addressed to develop a sustainable and mature technology. This study compares two cathode chemistries, Lithium Ferrum Phosphate and Nickel Manganese Cobalt, for their cell performance and ageing characteristics.
ENERGY CONVERSION AND MANAGEMENT
(2023)
Article
Thermodynamics
Yikang Cai, Ming Jia, Yaopeng Li, Jingjie Cao, Antonio Garcia, Javier Monsalve-Serrano
Summary: This study focuses on identifying the optimal combustion schemes of the dual direct injection (DI2) engine system at different load conditions using n-butanol and diesel as test fuels. Through three-dimensional engine simulation combined with an improved genetic algorithm, the study reveals the optimal fuel stratification and auto-ignition characteristics. The results show that the optimal DI2 strategy varies with load conditions, and factors such as fuel reactivity and temperature play different roles in ignition.
ENERGY CONVERSION AND MANAGEMENT
(2023)
Article
Thermodynamics
Nika Alemahdi, Antonio Garcia, Martin Tuner
Summary: Low-temperature combustion (LTC) is an attractive concept for sustainable modern combustion engines. This study evaluates the phi-sensitivity response of different fuel blends under different thermodynamic conditions. It also explores the link between accumulated low temperature heat release and latent heat of vaporization with the CR sensitivity of the blends.
INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENGINE RESEARCH
(2023)
Article
Energy & Fuels
Santiago Martinez-Boggio, Javier Monsalve-Serrano, Antonio Garcia, Pedro Curto-Risso
Summary: Due to the increasing demand for CO2 emission limits and the high cost of fuel, the electrification of heavy-duty vehicles has become a hot topic. Plug-in hybrids have the potential to reduce CO2 emissions without affecting vehicle range, but the actual reduction relies on energy source, user behavior, and vehicle design. Research shows that plug-in hybrids with battery capacity larger than 50 kWh can reduce emissions by 30% and meet the 2030 CO2 regulations. The recommended battery sizes are 100 kWh for plug-in hybrids and 320 kWh for electric vehicles. Plug-in hybrids have a 18% longer range than nonhybrid, 6% longer range than full hybrid, and 76% longer range than pure electric powertrain with fully charged battery.
Article
Thermodynamics
Antonio Garcia, Javier Monsalve-Serrano, Santiago Martinez-Boggio, Rafael Soria Alcaide
Summary: This study presents a method to quantify the error in greenhouse gas emissions for different electric passenger vehicles. Well-to-wheel and life-cycle assessments were carried out, and energy requirements were calculated using detailed vehicle models. Results were compared to European Union targets, showing higher environmental impact for electric vehicles compared to internal combustion engines, but still below the pollution level. The study emphasizes the importance of using marginal emissions instead of average emissions to accurately assess the environmental impact of the future transport sector.
Article
Thermodynamics
Antonio Garcia, Javier Monsalve-Serrano, Alberto Ponce-Mora, Alvaro Fogue-Robles
Summary: Pseudo-two-dimensional models based on physical processes are relevant and affordable with new technological advancements. However, selecting a reduced number of parameters is a challenge. This study proposes a methodology using a genetic algorithm to fit 14 critical parameters of lithium-ion cells and achieves high fidelity in simulating real transport applications.
Article
Thermodynamics
Santiago Martinez-Boggio, Davide Di Blasio, Tom Fletcher, Richard Burke, Antonio Garcia, Javier Monsalve-Serrano
Summary: This study aims to optimize and setup a highly efficient Proton Exchange Membrane fuel cell system. The evaluation of different air path layouts shows that coupled electrically assisted turbocharging is the best layout, providing a 10% power improvement at high current load.
ENERGY CONVERSION AND MANAGEMENT
(2023)
Article
Thermodynamics
Jose Vicente Pastor, Antonio Garcia, Javier Monsalve-Serrano, Diego Golke
Summary: The current push to reduce carbon emissions has made the electrified powertrain essential in the transport sector, but concerns about the battery's effectiveness as an energy source must be addressed for widespread adoption. Safety is a major concern, especially with the increasing battery energy density. Cathodic chemistry plays a crucial role in determining safety, as exothermic reactions can occur. The aging process also affects battery safety by reducing capacity and increasing the joule effect, making it important to investigate thermal runaway under aging conditions.
APPLIED THERMAL ENGINEERING
(2023)
Article
Chemistry, Applied
Antonio Garcia, Javier Monsalve-Serrano, Carlos Mico, Maria Guzman-Mendoza
Summary: This study investigates the feasibility of using neat methanol in high-efficiency compression ignition engines and its potential to reduce CO2 emissions. The research reveals that combustion of neat methanol poses challenges due to its low ignition capability, requiring higher compression ratios and temperatures than diesel. However, despite its lower energy density, methanol combustion achieves comparable efficiency with remarkable improvements in NOx and soot emissions.
FUEL PROCESSING TECHNOLOGY
(2023)
Article
Energy & Fuels
Antonio Garcia, Jose Pastor, Javier Monsalve-Serrano, Erasmo Iniguez
Summary: This study evaluates the emission performance of four different fuel blends with varying renewable content in a compression ignition engine. The results show that the impact of these fuels on emissions varies under different measurement conditions. It is found that suitable fuel blends can reduce aldehyde and saturated hydrocarbon emissions, but have limited effect under mid-load conditions. Furthermore, optimized calibration can reduce nitrogen oxide emissions but increase aromatic and unsaturated hydrocarbon emissions. Overall, the study demonstrates the potential of these low-carbon fuels to meet regulatory requirements without sacrificing the emissions performance of unregulated species.
Article
Thermodynamics
Pengcheng Zhao, Jingang Wang, Liming Sun, Yun Li, Haiting Xia, Wei He
Summary: The production of green hydrogen through water electrolysis is crucial for renewable energy utilization and decarbonization. This research explores the optimal electrode configuration and system design of compactly-assembled industrial electrolyzer. The findings provide valuable insights for industrial application of water electrolysis equipment.
ENERGY CONVERSION AND MANAGEMENT
(2024)
Article
Thermodynamics
V. Baiju, P. Abhishek, S. Harikrishnan
Summary: Thermally driven adsorption desalination systems (ADS) have gained attention as an eco-friendly solution for water scarcity. However, they face challenges related to low water productivity and scalability. To overcome these challenges, integrating ADS with other desalination technologies can create a small-scale hybrid system. This study proposes integrating ADS with a Thermo Electric Dehumidification (TED) unit to enhance its performance.
ENERGY CONVERSION AND MANAGEMENT
(2024)
Article
Thermodynamics
C. X. He, Y. H. Liu, X. Y. Huang, S. B. Wan, Q. Chen, J. Sun, T. S. Zhao
Summary: A decentralized centroid multi-path RC network model is constructed to improve the temperature prediction accuracy compared to traditional RC models. By incorporating multiple heat flow paths and decentralizing thermal capacity, a more accurate prediction is achieved.
ENERGY CONVERSION AND MANAGEMENT
(2024)
Article
Thermodynamics
Chaoying Li, Meng Wang, Nana Li, Di Gu, Chao Yan, Dandan Yuan, Hong Jiang, Baohui Wang, Xirui Wang
Summary: There is an urgent need to shift away from heavy dependence on fossil fuels and embrace renewable energy sources, particularly in the energy-intensive oil refining process. This study presents an innovative concept called the Solar Oil Refinery, which applies solar energy in oil refining. A solar multi-energies-driven hybrid chemical oil refining system that utilizes solar pyrolysis and electrolysis has been developed, significantly improving solar utilization efficiency, cracking rate, and hydrogen yield.
ENERGY CONVERSION AND MANAGEMENT
(2024)
Article
Thermodynamics
Chao Ma, Guanghui Wang, Dingbiao Wang, Xu Peng, Yushen Yang, Xinxin Liu, Chongrui Yang, Jiaheng Chen
Summary: This study proposes a bio-inspired fish-tail wind rotor to improve the wind power efficiency of the traditional Savonius rotor. Through transient simulations and orthogonal experiments, the key factors affecting the performance are identified. A response surface model is constructed to optimize the power coefficient, resulting in an improvement of 9.4% and 6.6% compared to the Savonius rotor.
ENERGY CONVERSION AND MANAGEMENT
(2024)
Article
Thermodynamics
Sina Bahmanziari, Abbas-Ali Zamani
Summary: This paper proposes a new framework for improving electrical energy harvesting from piezoelectric smart tiles through a combination of magnetic plucking, mechanical impact, and mechanical vibration force mechanisms. Experimental results demonstrate a significant increase in energy yield and average energy harvesting time compared to other mechanisms.
ENERGY CONVERSION AND MANAGEMENT
(2024)
Article
Thermodynamics
Nanjiang Dong, Tao Zhang, Rui Wang
Summary: This study establishes a multiobjective mixed-variable configuration optimization model for a comprehensive combined cooling, heating, and power energy system, and proposes an efficient generating operator to optimize this model. The experimental results show that the proposed algorithm performs better than other state-of-the-art algorithms.
ENERGY CONVERSION AND MANAGEMENT
(2024)
Article
Thermodynamics
Ahmed E. Mansy, Eman A. El Desouky, Tarek H. Taha, M. A. Abu-Saied, Hamada El-Gendi, Ranya A. Amer, Zhen-Yu Tian
Summary: This study aims to convert office paper waste into bioethanol through a sustainable pathway. The results show that physiochemical and enzymatic hydrolysis of the waste can yield a high glucose concentration. The optimal conditions were determined using the Box-Behnken design, and a blended membrane was used for ethanol purification.
ENERGY CONVERSION AND MANAGEMENT
(2024)
Article
Thermodynamics
Sven Klute, Marcus Budt, Mathias van Beek, Christian Doetsch
Summary: Heat pumps are crucial for decarbonizing heat supply, and steam generating heat pumps have the potential to decarbonize the industrial sector. This paper presents the current state, technical and economic data, and modeling principles of steam generating heat pumps.
ENERGY CONVERSION AND MANAGEMENT
(2024)
Article
Thermodynamics
Le Zhang, To-Hung Tsui, Yen Wah Tong, Pruk Aggarangsi, Ronghou Liu
Summary: This study investigates the effectiveness of a current-carrying-coil-based magnetic field in promoting anaerobic digestion of chicken manure. The results show that the applied magnetic field increases methane yield, decreases carbon dioxide production, and reduces the concentration of ammonia nitrogen. Microbial community analysis reveals the enrichment of certain methanogenic genera and enhanced metabolic pathways. Pilot-scale experiments confirm the technical effectiveness of the magnetic field assistance in enhancing anaerobic digestion of chicken manure.
ENERGY CONVERSION AND MANAGEMENT
(2024)
Article
Thermodynamics
Bo Chen, Ruiqing Ma, Yang Zhou, Rui Ma, Wentao Jiang, Fan Yang
Summary: This paper presents an advanced energy management strategy for fuel cell hybrid electric heavy-duty vehicles, focusing on speed planning and energy allocation. By utilizing predictive co-optimization control, this strategy ensures safe inter-vehicle distance and minimizes energy demand. Simulation results demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed method in reducing fuel cell degradation cost and overall operation cost.
ENERGY CONVERSION AND MANAGEMENT
(2024)
Article
Thermodynamics
Fabio Fatigati, Roberto Cipollone
Summary: Organic Rankine Cycle-based microcogeneration systems that use solar sources to generate electricity and hot water can help reduce CO2 emissions in residential energy-intensive sectors. The adoption of a recuperative heat exchanger in these systems improves efficiency, reduces thermal power requirements, and saves on electricity costs.
ENERGY CONVERSION AND MANAGEMENT
(2024)
Article
Thermodynamics
Lipeng He, Renwen Liu, Xuejin Liu, Xiaotian Zheng, Limin Zhang, Jieqiong Lin
Summary: This research proposes a piezoelectric-electromagnetic hybrid energy harvester (PEHEH) for low-frequency wave motion and self-sensing wave environment monitoring. The PEHEH shows promising power output and the ability to self-power and self-sense the wave environment.
ENERGY CONVERSION AND MANAGEMENT
(2024)
Article
Thermodynamics
Shangling Chu, Yang Liu, Zipeng Xu, Heng Zhang, Haiping Chen, Dan Gao
Summary: This paper studies a distributed energy system integrated with solar and natural gas, analyzes the impact of different parameters on its energy utilization and emissions reduction, and obtains the optimal solution through an optimization algorithm. The results show that compared to traditional separation production systems, this integrated system achieves higher energy utilization and greater reduction in carbon emissions.
ENERGY CONVERSION AND MANAGEMENT
(2024)
Article
Thermodynamics
Qingpu Li, Yaqi Ding, Guangming Chen, Yongmei Xuan, Neng Gao, Nian Li, Xinyue Hao
Summary: This paper proposes and studies a piston-type thermally-driven pump with a structure similar to a linear compressor, aiming to eliminate the high-quality energy consumption of existing pumps and replace mechanical pumps. The coupling mechanism of working fluid flow and element dimension is analyzed based on force analysis, and experimental data analysis is used to determine the pump operation stroke. Theoretical simulation is conducted to analyze the correlation mechanism of the piston assembly. The research shows that the thermally-driven pump can greatly reduce power consumption and has potential for industrial applications.
ENERGY CONVERSION AND MANAGEMENT
(2024)
