Journal
ENDOCRINOLOGY AND METABOLISM CLINICS OF NORTH AMERICA
Volume 48, Issue 2, Pages 421-+Publisher
W B SAUNDERS CO-ELSEVIER INC
DOI: 10.1016/j.ecl.2019.02.006
Keywords
Osteoporosis; Bone density; Transgender; Hormone therapy; Gender affirmation; Dual-energy x-ray absorptiometry
Categories
Funding
- National Center for Advancing Translational Sciences of the National Institutes of Health [UL1TR002378]
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This review summarizes current studies, systematic reviews, and clinical practice guidelines regarding the screening, diagnosis, and treatment of osteoporosis in transgender persons. Gender-affirming hormone therapy has been shown to maintain or promote acquisition of bone density as measured by dual-energy x-ray absorptiometry. No differences in fracture rates have been seen in trans women or men in short, prospective trials. Trans children and adolescents on gonadotropin-releasing hormone may be at risk for decreasing bone density while not on sex steroid hormone replacement. Screening for osteoporosis should be based on clinical factors. Treatment for osteoporosis follows the same guidelines as cisgender populations.
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