Article
Engineering, Environmental
Je-Oh Lim, Woong-Il Kim, So-Won Pak, Se-Jin Lee, Sung-Hyeuk Park, In-Sik Shin, Jong-Choon Kim
Summary: This study investigates the exacerbation of asthma induced by aluminum oxide nanoparticles (Al2O3 NPs) and explores the correlation between toll-like receptor 4 (TLR4) signaling and Al2O3 NP-induced asthma exacerbation. The results show that Al2O3 NP exposure leads to increased inflammatory cell counts, airway hyperresponsiveness, and inflammatory cytokine levels in asthmatic mice. The expression levels of TLR4 and related signaling proteins are also affected by Al2O3 NP exposure.
JOURNAL OF HAZARDOUS MATERIALS
(2023)
Article
Immunology
Mark A. Miles, Stella Liong, Felicia Liong, Madison Coward-Smith, Gemma S. Trollope, Osezua Oseghale, Jonathan R. Erlich, Robert D. Brooks, Jessica M. Logan, Shane Hickey, Hao Wang, Steven Bozinovski, John J. O'Leary, Doug A. Brooks, Stavros Selemidis
Summary: This study reveals the role of TLR7 in RSV infection, showing that it reduces viral titers in the upper respiratory tract but promotes pathogenic inflammation and hyperreactivity in the lower respiratory tract. This highlights the potential of TLR7 modulation to limit RSV pathology to the upper respiratory tract.
FRONTIERS IN IMMUNOLOGY
(2023)
Review
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Saahithh Redddi Patlola, Gary Donohoe, Declan P. McKernan
Summary: Toll-like receptors (TLRs) are pattern recognition receptors that protect the brain from self and foreign antigens/pathogens and can elicit a harmful or beneficial immune response. TLR activation has been associated with neurodegenerative diseases and cytokine imbalance in schizophrenia. This review explores the current literature on TLRs, their potential role in schizophrenia pathogenesis, factors affecting TLR activity and their impact on cognitive performance in schizophrenia.
Article
Pharmacology & Pharmacy
Hao Wang, Christian Aloe, Jonathan McQualter, Angelica Papanicolaou, Ross Vlahos, Nick Wilson, Steven Bozinovski
Summary: This study demonstrated that antagonizing G-CSFR can effectively reduce airway fibrotic remodelling and hyper-reactivity in mice infected with IAV after sensitization to HDM. The method also significantly decreases neutrophilic inflammation, inhibits tissue injury and edema, and reduces lung fibrosis.
BRITISH JOURNAL OF PHARMACOLOGY
(2021)
Review
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Arturo Orlacchio, Pellegrino Mazzone
Summary: Pancreatic cancer is a lethal form of cancer characterized by its aggressiveness and metastatic potential. Toll-like receptors play a pivotal role in inflammation and immune response, and can be potential targets for cancer therapy. Studies have shown that TLRs play an important role in the progression of pancreatic cancer.
INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF MOLECULAR SCIENCES
(2021)
Article
Cell Biology
Tetsuo Miyake, Takashi Miyake, Ryuichi Morishita
Summary: This study assessed the immune effects of prenatal osteoprotegerin (OPG) inhibition on the development of asthma. It was found that OPG deficiency inhibits the development of asthma by suppressing inflammation, cytokine expression, and mucus hypersecretion.
CELLULAR IMMUNOLOGY
(2022)
Article
Immunology
Walter V. Velasco, Nasim Khosravi, Susana Castro-Pando, Nelly Torres-Garza, Maria T. Grimaldo, Avantika Krishna, Michael J. Clowers, Misha Umer, Sabah Tariq Amir, Diana Del Bosque, Soudabeh Daliri, Maria Miguelina de la Garza, Marco Ramos-Castaneda, Scott E. Evans, Seyed Javad Moghaddam
Summary: By knocking out TLR2, 4, and 9 genes, we found that TLRs play an important role in the promotion of K-ras-driven lung adenocarcinoma by COPD-like airway inflammation caused by prolonged exposure to pathogenic foreign antigens in airway epithelial cells. Knockout of TLR2, 4, or 9 resulted in reduced tumor burden, angiogenesis, and tumor cell proliferation, accompanied by increased tumor cell apoptosis and reprogramming of the tumor microenvironment to an antitumorigenic state. Knocking out downstream signaling pathways, MyD88/NF-kappa B, in airway epithelial cells further confirmed these findings. Our study expands the understanding of TLR signaling in lung cancer and may contribute to the development of more reliable and effective prevention and treatment modalities for lung cancer.
FRONTIERS IN IMMUNOLOGY
(2023)
Article
Environmental Sciences
John D. Hansen, Keith A. Loftin, Zachary Laughrey, Ondrej Adamovsky
Summary: Various stressors can have profound impacts on immunity to pathogens, with little research into the effects of cyanobacterial toxins on disease resistance in mammals. Recent studies suggest that freshwater cyanotoxins may alter disease susceptibility parameters for fish, wildlife, and human health through interaction with specific components of innate immunity. However, the results of this study indicate that the tested toxins did not directly interact with key pathogen recognition receptors for innate immunity in humans.
Review
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Efthymia Theofani, Georgina Xanthou
Summary: Autophagy is a crucial self-degradative process in cells that plays a key role in cellular renovation, physiology, and homeostasis. It can be triggered by factors such as starvation, pathogens, and stress, and is important in immune response regulation. Dysregulation of autophagy processes, either impaired or overactive, can contribute to the pathogenesis of various diseases, including infections and cancer.
INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF MOLECULAR SCIENCES
(2021)
Article
Immunology
Aaren Kettelhut, Emily Bowman, Janelle Gabriel, Brittany Hand, Namal P. M. Liyanage, Manjusha Kulkarni, Frances Avila-Soto, Jordan E. Lake, Nicholas T. Funderburg
Summary: Research suggests that HIV-infected individuals have elevated levels of inflammatory cytokines following exposure to LPS or ssPolyU. Estrogen exposure may enhance innate immune activation in HIV-infected individuals. Plasma markers show higher levels of immune activation in HIV-infected individuals, positively associated with in vitro responsiveness to estrogen and LPS.
FRONTIERS IN IMMUNOLOGY
(2022)
Article
Immunology
Robert M. Immormino, Corey M. Jania, Stephen L. Tilley, Timothy P. Moran
Summary: NRP2 serves as a negative regulator of airway inflammation associated with neutrophilic asthma, by inhibiting inflammatory responses. Deletion of NRP2 in neutrophilic asthma exacerbates airway inflammation due to impaired efferocytosis by alveolar macrophages, without affecting Th1/Th17 responses or neutrophil chemokine expression.
IMMUNITY INFLAMMATION AND DISEASE
(2022)
Article
Pharmacology & Pharmacy
Wenxian Ma, Qiaoyan Jin, Haiqin Guo, Xinpeng Han, Lingbin Xu, Shemin Lu, Changgui Wu
Summary: This study demonstrates that metformin can alleviate airway inflammation and remodeling in an OVA-induced chronic asthmatic model. The protective effects of metformin may be associated with the restoration of AMPKα activity and decreased asthma-related angiogenesis.
FRONTIERS IN PHARMACOLOGY
(2022)
Review
Pharmacology & Pharmacy
Bo-wen Zhou, Hua-man Liu, Xin-hua Jia
Summary: Asthma as an individual disease remains a global health challenge. Traditional Chinese Medicine (TCM) has been shown to have anti-asthma effects, but its specific role and mechanism are still unclear. Animal studies have demonstrated that TCM formulas and natural compounds can significantly alleviate airway structural alterations and exhibit anti-inflammatory effects.
FRONTIERS IN PHARMACOLOGY
(2022)
Article
Plant Sciences
Min Cai, You-cai Xu, Bo Deng, Jun-Bang Chen, Ting-Fang Chen, Ke-Feng Zeng, Si Chen, Sui-hui Deng, Zhang-bin Tan, Wen-jun Ding, Shuang-wei Zhang, Bin Liu, Jing-zhi Zhang
Summary: This study found that GL extract and its active constituent LicoA exerted anti-inflammatory effects by targeting TLR4 directly, reducing inflammatory damage and inhibiting TLR4 signaling activation.
JOURNAL OF ETHNOPHARMACOLOGY
(2023)
Article
Oncology
Shilin Xiao, Qianyu Wang, Huibin Gao, Xumin Zhao, Juan Zhi, Dong Yang
Summary: The study found that Dexmedetomidine can suppress airway hyperresponsiveness (AHR) and allergic airway inflammation by inhibiting the TLR4/NF-kappa B pathway. These results suggest that Dexmedetomidine may serve as a potential anti-inflammatory agent for the treatment of asthma patients.
MOLECULAR MEDICINE REPORTS
(2022)
Article
Pediatrics
Catherine A. Mayer, Benjamin Roos, Jacob Teske, Natalya Wells, Richard J. Martin, Wenhan Chang, Christina M. Pabelick, Y. S. Prakash, Peter M. MacFarlane
Summary: The study revealed the significant role of extracellular calcium-sensing receptor (CaSR) in the effects of continuous positive airway pressure (CPAP) on airway function, with implications for wheezing disorders in former preterm infants.
PEDIATRIC RESEARCH
(2022)
Article
Anesthesiology
Elizabeth R. Vogel, Steven J. Staffa, James A. DiNardo, Morgan L. Brown
Summary: The study aimed to compare the use of opioid medications in children with Down syndrome (DS) versus children without DS after repair of complete atrioventricular canal (CAVC), and the results showed that children with DS received higher doses of oral morphine equivalents (OME) within 24 hours post-surgery.
JOURNAL OF CARDIOTHORACIC AND VASCULAR ANESTHESIA
(2022)
Article
Multidisciplinary Sciences
Priyanka Banerjee, Premanand Balraj, Nilesh Sudhakar Ambhore, Sarah A. Wicher, Rodney D. Britt, Christina M. Pabelick, Y. S. Prakash, Venkatachalem Sathish
Summary: In this study, the regulatory relationship between ASM genes in asthma patients was explored, revealing a loss of gene connectivity in asthmatic ASM due to the rewiring of major regulators. Transcription factors and differentially correlated genes in asthmatic ASM were identified, potentially modulating gene expression. Moreover, genes involved in pathways such as herpes simplex virus infection, Hippo and TGF-beta signaling were over-represented in asthmatic ASM.
SCIENTIFIC REPORTS
(2021)
Article
Pediatrics
Catherine A. Mayer, Abhrajit Ganguly, Aubrey Mayer, Christina M. Pabelick, Y. S. Prakash, Vince C. Hascall, Ron J. Midura, Valbona Cali, Christopher A. Flask, Bernadette O. Erokwu, Richard J. Martin, Peter M. MacFarlane
Summary: The study found that neonatal CPAP increased lung volume and airway hyper-reactivity in mice, with a key role played by hyaluronan synthase-3 (HAS3). The expression of HAS3 is associated with CPAP-induced airway hyper-reactivity, indicating a potential target for intervention.
PEDIATRIC RESEARCH
(2022)
Review
Cell Biology
Arbi Aghali, Maunick Lefin Koloko Ngassie, Christina M. Pabelick, Y. S. Prakash
Summary: Cellular senescence is an irreversible cell cycle arrest that occurs naturally or in response to external stressors. Understanding the molecular mechanisms behind senescence is important in the context of lung health and disease. There is increasing interest in the role of senescence in chronic lung diseases and its potential for identifying novel therapies.
Article
Medicine, Research & Experimental
Niyati A. Borkar, Nilesh Sudhakar Ambhore, Rama Satyanarayana Raju Kalidhindi, Christina M. Pabelick, Y. S. Prakash, Venkatachalem Sathish
Summary: Sex and gender disparities in asthma are influenced by sex steroids, particularly estrogen. This study explores the role of kisspeptin (Kp)/KISS1R signaling in regulating airway smooth muscle (ASM) proliferation, an important process in asthma remodeling. The findings suggest that lower expression of Kp/KISS1R in ASM may contribute to increased proliferation in patients with asthma. Kp-10 shows potential as a therapeutic target to inhibit ASM proliferation through inhibition of MAPK/ERK/Akt pathways.
Article
Physiology
Arbi Aghali, Latifa Khalfaoui, Anthony B. Lagnado, Li Y. Drake, Jacob J. Teske, Christina M. Pabelick, Joao F. Passos, Y. S. Prakash
Summary: Senescent cells in elderly asthma contribute to airway remodeling via the secretion of proinflammatory and profibrotic factors.
AMERICAN JOURNAL OF PHYSIOLOGY-LUNG CELLULAR AND MOLECULAR PHYSIOLOGY
(2022)
Review
Allergy
Rodney D. Britt, Ned Porter, Mitchell H. Grayson, Kymberly M. Gowdy, Megan Ballinger, Kara Wada, Hye-Young Kim, Mireia Guerau-de-Arellano
Summary: The role of sterols in immune responses in lung disease, particularly asthma, is discussed in this timely review. The presence of cholesterol transport, biosynthesis, and sterol/oxysterol-mediated signaling in immune cells suggests a role in immune regulation. Statin drugs, which inhibit cholesterol biosynthesis, show immunomodulatory activity in inflammation models, but conflicting results are seen in human asthma. Further research is needed to address critical gaps in the field.
JOURNAL OF ALLERGY AND CLINICAL IMMUNOLOGY
(2023)
Review
Medicine, General & Internal
Emily Y. Y. Zhang, Colleen M. Bartman, Y. S. Prakash, Christina M. Pabelick, Elizabeth R. Vogel
Summary: Chronic airway diseases, such as wheezing and asthma, are significant sources of morbidity and mortality in children, particularly in preterm infants. Perinatal risk factors, such as respiratory support and mechanical ventilation, may contribute to the development of chronic airway disease. Lower levels of oxygen and stretch exposure due to mechanical ventilation or CPAP may also play a role in this development. This review summarizes the current knowledge on the impact of perinatal oxygen and mechanical respiratory support on the development of chronic pediatric lung disease, with a focus on pediatric airway disease, and explores potential mechanisms for novel therapies.
FRONTIERS IN MEDICINE
(2023)
Article
Physiology
Brian Kelley, Emily Y. Zhang, Latifa Khalfaoui, Marta Schiliro, Natalya Wells, Christina M. Pabelick, Y. S. Prakash, Elizabeth R. Vogel
Summary: By using fetal airway smooth muscle cells as an in vitro model, this study found that mechanosensitive Piezo channels may play a role in detrimental stretch-induced airway changes, suggesting their potential contribution to airway hyperreactivity and remodeling.
AMERICAN JOURNAL OF PHYSIOLOGY-LUNG CELLULAR AND MOLECULAR PHYSIOLOGY
(2023)
Review
Respiratory System
Yang Yao, Niyati A. Borkar, Mengning Zheng, Shengyu Wang, Christina M. Pabelick, Elizabeth R. Vogel, Y. S. Prakash
Summary: This article discusses the role of mechanosensitive TRP and Piezo channels in regulating calcium regulatory proteins relevant to asthma, such as store-operated calcium entry (SOCE) involving STIM and Orai channels, as well as sarcoendoplasmic mechanisms such as IP3 receptor channels (IP(3)Rs) and SR calcium ATPase (SERCA) that are important in asthma pathophysiology. The authors suggest that physical and/or functional interactions between calcium regulatory proteins and mechanosensitive channels can contribute to our understanding of asthma pathophysiology and identify novel therapeutic approaches.
EXPERT REVIEW OF RESPIRATORY MEDICINE
(2023)
Article
Physiology
Niyati A. Borkar, Michael A. Thompson, Colleen M. Bartman, Venkatachalem Sathish, Y. S. Prakash, Christina M. Pabelick
Summary: Exposure to nicotine from cigarette smoke and e-cigarettes can increase health risks associated with asthma by affecting airway dynamics. Nicotine disrupts mitochondrial morphology and balance between fusion and fission, impairs mitochondrial calcium regulation, and alters mitochondrial respiratory and bioenergetic functions in airway smooth muscle cells. These effects are mediated through the alpha 7 subtype of the nicotinic acetylcholine receptor.
AMERICAN JOURNAL OF PHYSIOLOGY-LUNG CELLULAR AND MOLECULAR PHYSIOLOGY
(2023)
Article
Critical Care Medicine
Craig R. Wheeler, Elizabeth R. Vogel, Michael A. Cusano, Kevin G. Friedman, Ryan Callahan, Diego Porras, Juan C. Ibla, Philip T. Levy
Summary: This review summarizes the pathophysiologic manifestations, treatment options, and management of hemodynamically significant PDA in preterm infants. Additionally, the available literature surrounding the respiratory support and outcomes of preterm infants following definitive PDA closure is reviewed.