Article
Environmental Sciences
Hang Liu, Xian Zhang, Bin Ji, Zhimin Qiang, Tanju Karanfil, Chao Liu
Summary: This study investigates the effects of UV aging on the chlorine reactivity, chemical transformation, and formation of disinfection byproducts (DBPs) of six microplastic (MP) polymers. The results show that UV aging enhances the destruction of functional groups of the polymers and promotes the release of organic compounds. Additionally, UV-aged MP polymers produce significantly higher yields of DBPs compared to their virgin counterparts. Overall, UV aging increases the reactivity and chemical transformation of MP polymers during chlorination, resulting in the release of polymer monomers, oligomers, and additives, and exacerbating their role as DBP precursors.
SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT
(2023)
Article
Engineering, Environmental
Yuru Wang, Yingying Xiang, Mauricius Marques dos Santos, Gaoling Wei, Bin Jiang, Shane Snyder, Chii Shang, Jean-Philippe Croue
Summary: UV/chlorine process is effective in eliminating pathogens and refractory micro-pollutants in the reclamation of municipal secondary effluent. However, the high organic nitrogen content of effluent organic matter (EfOM) can lead to the formation of nitrogenous disinfection byproducts (N-DBPs) of health concern. This study tracked the molecular-level changes of hydrophobic (HPO) and transphilic (TPI) EfOM fractions during UV/chlorine treatment and observed the formation of diverse and intense N-DBPs. Toxicity bioassays showed that these N-DBPs can induce oxidative stress-induced DNA damage. The study highlights the importance of evaluating EfOM characteristics and transformation for the practical application of the UV/chlorine process.
Article
Materials Science, Multidisciplinary
Jose Antonio de Oliveira Junior, Gilvana Pereira Siqueira, Lara Kelly Ribeiro, Dyovani Coelho, Elson Longo, Andre Mourao Batista, Heinz-Bernhard Kraatz, Auro Atsushi Tanaka, Luiza Maria Ferreira Dantas, Marco Aurelio Suller Garcia, Iranaldo Santos da Silva
Summary: This study aimed to link materials science with sensing analytical application by revisiting a nanoporous gold-film electrochemical synthesis and explaining its performance using SEM, AFM, and XPS analyses. The neglected emerging contaminant 2,6-dichloro-1,4-benzoquinone (DCBQ) was used for assessment.
JOURNAL OF MATERIALS SCIENCE
(2022)
Article
Environmental Sciences
Yangtao Wu, Dongxu Qu, Lingjun Bu, Shumin Zhu, Shiqing Zhou
Summary: This study examined the risk of TCNM formation during the chlorine-UV process for nitrite-containing water. It was found that the presence of amino acid enhanced TCNM formation, while pre-chlorination time had no significant effect. The highest TCNM formation occurred at pH 7, and prolonged UV irradiation and increased chlorine to amino acid ratio reduced TCNM formation. Quantum chemical calculations confirmed the attack of NO2· on specific positions of benzoic acid. The findings contribute to understanding the TCNM formation mechanism and optimizing the chlorine-UV process parameters to reduce risk.
SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT
(2022)
Article
Engineering, Environmental
Xian-Shi Wang, Heng Song, Jing Zhang, Yu-Lei Liu, Jun Ma, Lu Wang
Summary: HOCl was found to effectively convert iodinated phenolic disinfection byproducts into non-toxic iodate and less toxic chlorinated aliphatic DBPs, reducing the acute toxicity of water samples containing iodophenols. Further investigations on the transformation and toxicity alteration of emerging DBPs during chlorination/booster chlorination are warranted due to the widespread use of chlorine as a disinfectant.
Article
Engineering, Environmental
Wuming Wang, Zichong Zhou, Shunke Ding, Wenyuan Yang, Wei Jin, Wenhai Chu, Zuxin Xu
Summary: In this study, the reaction characteristics and mechanism of AMB/BRO with chlorine disinfectant were investigated. The reaction of chlorine with AMB/BRO followed a second-order kinetics model, and new aromatic nitrogenous disinfection by-products were identified. Bromine in AMB/BRO was found to greatly promote the formation of brominated disinfection by-products.
Article
Engineering, Environmental
Chenyan Hu, Cun Xiong, Yi-Li Lin, Yeye Zhu, Qiangbing Wang, Lin Xu, Dandan Huang
Summary: The degradation kinetic model and pathways of a UV filter, PBSA, during UV/chlorination were investigated. The efficient degradation of PBSA was observed under UV/chlorination conditions and followed pseudo-first order kinetics. The contribution of radicals and the effect of different factors on PBSA degradation were determined. The study also proposed transformation pathways and evaluated the formation of chlorinated disinfection by-products. Overall, the study provides insights into the efficiency, mechanism, and safety of removing PBSA using UV/chlorination.
JOURNAL OF HAZARDOUS MATERIALS
(2022)
Article
Environmental Sciences
Warangkana Na-Phatthalung, Dararat Keaonaborn, Juthamas Jaichuedee, Suthiwan Keawchouy, Suthatip Sinyoung, Charongpun Musikavong
Summary: The presence of AgNPs during chlorination can impact the formation of DBPs in surface water sources. Higher AgNP concentrations led to increased specific formation rates of chloroform, which affected the THMFP rates and concentrations. The chlorine reaction time was found to be more effective in increasing the integrated toxic risk value of THMFP than the level of AgNPs.
ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION
(2022)
Review
Environmental Sciences
Ernest R. Blatchley, David J. Brenner, Holger Claus, Troy E. Cowan, Karl G. Linden, Yijing Liu, Ted Mao, Sung-Jin Park, Patrick J. Piper, Richard M. Simons, David H. Sliney
Summary: Far UV-C radiation, with wavelengths between 200 and 230 nm, is highly effective in inactivating airborne pathogens while having minimal potential to cause damage to human skin and eye tissues. By controlling indoor ozone production, Far UV-C devices can be used in occupied spaces to improve the inactivation of airborne pathogens, including those responsible for COVID-19.
CRITICAL REVIEWS IN ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY
(2023)
Review
Environmental Sciences
Sasan Zahmatkesh, Awais Bokhari, Melika Karimian, Musaddak Maher Abdul Zahra, Mika Sillanpaa, Hitesh Panchal, Ali Jawad Alrubaie, Yousof Rezakhani
Summary: Environmental contaminants have been rapidly introduced into the environment in recent decades, posing a risk to human health and aquatic ecosystems. Although limited information is available about the characteristics and impacts of emerging contaminants, a wastewater recycling system can efficiently remove these pollutants. This study provides an overview of the fundamentals and recent developments in wastewater treatment.
ENVIRONMENTAL MONITORING AND ASSESSMENT
(2022)
Article
Engineering, Environmental
Zhi-Min Song, Lu-Lin Yang, Yao Lu, Chao Wang, Jun-Kun Liang, Ye Du, Xin-Zheng Li, Qing Hu, Yun-Tao Guan, Qian-Yuan Wu
Summary: This study utilized high resolution mass spectrometry to investigate the impact of UV irradiation, chlorination, and UV/chlorination on NOM transformation and DBP formation. It was found that chlorination and UV/chlorination had a greater influence on NOM molecular composition compared to UV irradiation, and UV/chlorination formed more saturated DBPs than chlorination.
CHEMICAL ENGINEERING JOURNAL
(2021)
Article
Engineering, Environmental
Zahra Amiri, Gholamreza Moussavi, Samira Mohammadi, Stefanos Giannakis
Summary: The study demonstrated the effectiveness of VUV-UVC/PMS process in treating river water by achieving efficient NOM mineralization and bacterial disinfection, with accelerated TOC removal and disinfection rate by adding PMS. Aeration played a crucial role in NOM mineralization, while sulfate enhanced TOC removal in the process.
JOURNAL OF HAZARDOUS MATERIALS
(2021)
Article
Engineering, Environmental
Rehab Khawaga, Mohamed Abouleish, Nabil Abdel Jabbar, Sameer Al-Asheh
Summary: This study utilized a model to analyze the most influential operating variables on breakpoint chlorination, using three input factors in experimental design to determine the response variable changes. Results indicated that contact time influences disinfection system, higher concentration of ammonia accelerates NH2Cl destruction, and the effects of ammonia and nitrite on chlorination curve vary depending on the A/N ratio.
JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL CHEMICAL ENGINEERING
(2021)
Article
Engineering, Chemical
Katarzyna Affek, Adam Muszynski, Nina Doskocz, Monika Zaleska-Radziwill
Summary: Treated wastewater can be a useful alternative for meeting agriculture demands and increasing freshwater resources. Disinfection methods vary in their effectiveness against microorganisms, with chlorine and UV being more efficient than ozonation. UV irradiation has the least negative impact on tested bioindicators, while studies show that ozonation and chlorination can increase toxicity of treated wastewater.
DESALINATION AND WATER TREATMENT
(2021)
Article
Engineering, Environmental
Yi-Hsueh Chuang, Ting-Yuan Chen, Chia-Shun Chou, Li-Kang Chu, Chun-Yao Hou, Aleksandra Szczuka
Summary: Breakpoint chlorination is a common practice in drinking water and potable reuse water treatment. Recent studies have shown that nitroxyl can react with free chlorine to form nitrosyl chloride, a nitrosating agent, but its importance in breakpoint chlorination has not been experimentally verified. This study found that the reaction of trichloramine with dichloramine produced an intermediate capable of nitrosating N-chloro-alkylamines, leading to elevated nitrosamine formation. The reaction of trichloramine with dichloramine accounted for approximately 75% of NDMA formation during breakpoint chlorination.
ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY
(2023)
Article
Anatomy & Morphology
Richard W. Blob, Travis Baumann, Kelly M. Diamond, Vanessa K. H. Young, Heiko L. Schoenfuss
JOURNAL OF ANATOMY
(2020)
Article
Environmental Sciences
V. R. Korn, J. L. Ward, P. L. Edmiston, H. L. Schoenfuss
ARCHIVES OF ENVIRONMENTAL CONTAMINATION AND TOXICOLOGY
(2020)
Article
Environmental Sciences
Nicholas Cipoletti, Zachary G. Jorgenson, Jo A. Banda, Satomi Kohno, Stephanie L. Hummel, Heiko L. Schoenfuss
JOURNAL OF GREAT LAKES RESEARCH
(2020)
Article
Chemistry, Applied
Sarah E. Pitell, Duc Pham, Amy L. Graham, Paul L. Edmiston
MICROPOROUS AND MESOPOROUS MATERIALS
(2020)
Article
Environmental Sciences
Alvine C. Mehinto, Heiko L. Schoenfuss, Ellie Wenger, Dario Diehl, Steven M. Bay
Summary: The study found that contaminants in the Los Angeles River did not cause significant endocrine-related toxicity or tissue damage to fathead minnows, but did expose the fish to complex chemical mixtures.
ENVIRONMENTAL TOXICOLOGY AND CHEMISTRY
(2021)
Article
Biology
Amanda M. Palecek, Heiko L. Schoenfuss, Richard W. Blob
Summary: The study found that the passive adhesive performance of climbing gobies is influenced by species and substrate, with the strongest climbers exhibiting the highest shear pull-off forces on rough surfaces. Therefore, differences in adhesive performance may help explain the ability of species to migrate upstream and invade new habitats.
JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL BIOLOGY
(2021)
Article
Anatomy & Morphology
Grace K. Forker, Heiko L. Schoenfuss, Richard W. Blob, Kelly M. Diamond
Summary: Evolution of locomotor modes in goby fish is associated with morphological adaptations to meet the demands of various environments, such as marine and freshwater habitats. Climbing gobies have unique vertebral column structures that aid in vertical thrust production, with flexibility in the posterior portion of the body and larger intervertebral spaces in species that exhibit distinctive climbing behaviors.
JOURNAL OF ANATOMY
(2021)
Article
Environmental Sciences
Kelly M. Diamond, Christopher J. Good, Nina Johnny, Troy S. Sakihara, Paul L. Edmiston, Jennifer A. Faust, Tonya C. Schoenfuss, Alexander M. Rubin, Richard W. Blob, Heiko L. Schoenfuss
Summary: Freshwater streams on oceanic islands are important for ecological and economic functions, but are often overlooked in assessments of pollution. This study found that Hawaiian streams are contaminated with various pollutants, comparable to continental streams, and have subtle effects on native fish species' locomotor performance. These results highlight the importance of including endemic species and ecologically relevant assays when assessing the effects of contaminants in island habitats.
Article
Environmental Sciences
Mark D. Jankowski, David J. Fairbairn, Joshua A. Baller, Benjamin M. Westerhoff, Heiko L. Schoenfuss
Summary: Accurately measuring chemical exposures and biological effects in surface waters is a major challenge in ecotoxicology. This study used the transcriptome of Daphnia magna to detect distinct responses across different water sources in Minnesota. The results showed that each water source had a unique gene expression profile, with the most significant factors influencing gene expression patterns being pyriproxyfen exposure, season of stormwater sample collection, and wetland quality.
ENVIRONMENTAL TOXICOLOGY AND CHEMISTRY
(2022)
Review
Biology
Richard W. Blob, Kelly M. Diamond, Raphael Lagarde, Takashi Maie, Kristine N. Moody, Amanda M. Palecek, Jessica L. Ward, Heiko L. Schoenfuss
Summary: The functional capacities of animals are crucial for their survival and reproduction in nature. Understanding the biomechanical performance of animals can provide insights into various aspects of their biology, including ecological distributions and evolutionary diversification. By studying the comparative biomechanics of amphidromous goby fishes, we have clarified how different aspects of biomechanical performance contribute to their ecological and evolutionary diversity. Our research highlights the importance of integrating knowledge of mechanical underpinnings to gain critical insights into ecological and evolutionary questions.
JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL BIOLOGY
(2023)
Article
Construction & Building Technology
Sarah Pitell, Evan Trump, Bashear El-Hajj, Steven Sachs, Sarah-Jane Haig
Summary: In this study, native microorganisms capable of calcium carbonate precipitation were isolated from existing reinforced concrete structures using traditional microbiological techniques. These microorganisms were then used in bench-scale model structures to create a bioactive mortar for crack repair. Experimental results indicated that one of the isolated microorganisms outperformed traditional organisms in reducing water ingress in cracks.
JOURNAL OF MATERIALS IN CIVIL ENGINEERING
(2023)
Article
Environmental Sciences
Gerald T. Ankley, Steven R. Corsi, Christine M. Custer, Drew R. Ekman, Stephanie L. Hummel, Kimani L. Kimbrough, Heiko L. Schoenfuss, Daniel L. Villeneuve
Summary: Assessing the ecological risk of contaminants in the field is complex due to the mixture of compounds involved and the lack of data on the potential biological effects of many detected compounds. Advances in chemistry, toxicology, and bioinformatics have allowed for the development of concepts and tools to enhance the assessment of these contaminants. This article presents a multiagency effort to assess the occurrence and implications of contaminants of emerging concern (CECs) in the Great Lakes region, using state-of-the-science methods and models across multiple sites and species.
ENVIRONMENTAL TOXICOLOGY AND CHEMISTRY
(2023)
Article
Environmental Sciences
Heiko L. Schoenfuss, John D. Roos, Tim G. Loes, Brian E. Schmidt, Stephen E. Bartell
Summary: Powerplant cooling and subsequent warm effluent discharge can negatively impact fish populations. However, native fish species in the Upper Mississippi River show the ability to self-regulate and adapt to temperature fluctuations.
Article
Engineering, Environmental
Katherine S. Dowdell, Hannah Greenwald Healy, Sayalee Joshi, Marianne Grimard-Conea, Sarah Pitell, Yang Song, Christian Ley, Lauren C. Kennedy, Solize Vosloo, Linxuan Huo, Sarah-Jane Haig, Kerry A. Hamilton, Kara L. Nelson, Ameet Pinto, Michele Prevost, Caitlin R. Proctor, Lutgarde Raskin, Andrew J. Whelton, Emily Garner, Kelsey J. Pieper, William J. Rhoads
Summary: In spring 2020, reduced water demand in buildings due to COVID-19 led to concerns about the prevalence of water stagnation-related contaminants, such as Legionella pneumophila. This study analyzed samples from 26 reduced-occupancy buildings in 11 cities to investigate the public health risk associated with L. pneumophila. The findings suggest that building plumbing characteristics, water management practices, and disinfectant residual levels play a role in L. pneumophila occurrence during low water use periods.
ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE-WATER RESEARCH & TECHNOLOGY
(2023)