Journal
CARBON
Volume 142, Issue -, Pages 662-672Publisher
PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD
DOI: 10.1016/j.carbon.2018.10.084
Keywords
NV-diamond; Raman spectroscopy; Electron energy-loss spectroscopy; Non-equilibrium synthesis
Funding
- Army Research Office [W911NF-12-R-0012-03]
- NSF [DMR-1735695]
- National Academy of Sciences (NAS), USA
- Fan Family Foundation Distinguished Chair Endowment
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A prerequisite condition for next-generation quantum sensing, communication, and computing is the precise modulation of the charge states of nitrogen-vacancy (NV) centers in diamond. We have achieved tuning of these centers in highly concentrated NV-diamonds using photons, phonons, and electrons. These NV-diamonds are synthesized employing a unique nanosecond laser processing technique which results in ultrafast melting and subsequent quenching of nitrogen-doped molten carbon films. Substitutional nitrogen atoms and vacancies are incorporated into diamond during rapid liquid-phase growth, where dopant concentrations can exceed thermodynamic solubility limits through solute trapping. This ultrafast synthesis technique generates fewer surface traps thereby forming similar to 75% NV(- )centers at room-temperature, which are optically and magnetically distinct as compared to NV0 centers. We dramatically increase the NV(- )concentration in NV-diamonds by similar to 53% with decreasing temperature from 300 to 80 K. With negative electrical biasing, the Fermi level in NV-diamond rises and crosses the NV0/- level, thereby promoting an exponential conversion of NV0 to NV(- )centers. We have also photonically enhanced the photoluminescence signal from NV- centers, thereby ascertaining the conversion of NV0 into NV- via absorption of electrons (excited by 532 nm photons) from the valence band in NV-diamond. These NV-centers in diamonds also reveal large excitation lifetime, which ultimately leads to similar to 65% quantum efficiency at room-temperature. With these results, we believe that the precise tuning of charge states in these uniquely prepared highly concentrated NV-diamonds will lead to superior quantum devices. (C) 2018 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.
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