Article
Chemistry, Physical
Huizhong Gao, Zhijie Wang, Shaoping Yin, Jun Lu, Zhaoyuan Guo, Weifeng Ma
Summary: Fuel cell is a new kind of energy supply equipment with advantages of high efficiency, low noise, and no emission, suitable for unmanned underwater vehicles. The energy management system is crucial for operating performance, and an online adaptive energy management strategy is proposed. Results show that the proposed algorithm achieves close to optimal solution with reduced hydrogen consumption compared to traditional online methods.
INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF HYDROGEN ENERGY
(2021)
Article
Energy & Fuels
Shakti Singh, NirbhowJap Singh, Aditi Gupta
Summary: Hydrogen-based power generation, combined with solar PV, has emerged as an alternative energy source. A hybrid system of solar, fuel cell, battery, electrolyzer, and hydrogen tank has been developed to meet the electricity demand of a small academic complex. The economic analysis and mathematical modeling show the system's efficacy.
INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENERGY RESEARCH
(2022)
Article
Chemistry, Physical
Hegazy Rezk, Ahmed M. Nassef, Mohammad Ali Abdelkareem, Abdul Hai Alami, Ahmed Fathy
Summary: This study introduces a comprehensive comparison of energy management strategies for fuel cell/supercapacitor/battery storage systems, with the novel approach based on the salp swarm algorithm outperforming commonly used strategies in terms of hydrogen fuel economy and overall efficiency.
INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF HYDROGEN ENERGY
(2021)
Article
Thermodynamics
Jinglai Wu, Yunqing Zhang, Jiageng Ruan, Zhaowen Liang, Kai Liu
Summary: This paper proposes three online real-time energy management strategies for fuel cell hybrid electric vehicles aimed at minimizing the total running cost over the vehicle's lifecycle. The strategies involve controlling fuel cell power at fixed levels, optimizing running costs, and combining rules with optimization. Results show that the combined strategy outperforms others in various driving conditions, reducing fuel cell start-stop cycles and increasing operating efficiency.
Article
Chemistry, Physical
Xiaoxiao Sun, Yafu Zhou, Lijian Huang, Jing Lian
Summary: This paper proposes an optimal energy distribution solution for a fuel cell hybrid bus using the PMP algorithm, addressing issues with inaccurate motor power estimation and real-time application. Experimental results show that the proposed strategy reduces hydrogen consumption by 20.3% to 28.9% compared to rule-based methods, with excellent real-time performance.
INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF HYDROGEN ENERGY
(2021)
Article
Thermodynamics
Yang Zhou, Alexandre Ravey, Marie-Cecile Pera
Summary: In this paper, a real-time cost minimization energy management strategy for fuel cell/battery-based hybrid electric vehicles is proposed using model predictive control. Results show that the strategy can effectively reduce operating costs and extend fuel cell lifetime, demonstrating good real-time practicality.
ENERGY CONVERSION AND MANAGEMENT
(2021)
Article
Thermodynamics
Duo Yang, Li Wang, Kunjie Yu, Jing Liang
Summary: This paper proposes a reinforcement learning-based energy management method for the fuel cell/lithium battery hybrid system. By using real-time driving profile classification and velocity prediction, the reliability of the energy management system is improved. The real-time power allocation is achieved through a reward value function and double Q-learning strategy, which comprehensively considers system safety, economics, and fuel cell durability. Simulation experiments show that this method can effectively reduce the life decay rate of the fuel cell and improve fuel economics by up to 6%.
ENERGY CONVERSION AND MANAGEMENT
(2022)
Article
Energy & Fuels
Islam M. Abdelqawee, Ahmed W. Emam, Mohamed S. ElBages, Mohamed A. Ebrahim
Summary: This paper presents a fuel cell hybrid emergency system composed of fuel cells, batteries, and supercapacitors effective for different conveyance applications. The key factors of each energy management strategy (EMS) are reducing hydrogen consumption and prolonging power source lifetime. An incipient EMS based on an optimized proportional-integral (PI) controller is proposed to ensure the operation of the fuel cell stack within its maximum efficiency region. JSPSOBAT, a hybrid metaheuristic optimization technique, is used to tune the PI controller gains and achieve better performance compared to other EMS strategies.
JOURNAL OF ENERGY STORAGE
(2023)
Article
Energy & Fuels
Junhong Liu, Qinfei Long, Rong-Peng Liu, Wenjie Liu, Yunhe Hou
Summary: The proliferation of distributed renewable energy has led to the formation of peer-to-peer (P2P) energy markets, where prosumers equipped with photovoltaic (PV) panels and energy storage systems (ESS) can actively participate in real-time energy trading. However, uncertainties in system states and physical network problems pose challenges for prosumers to make optimal real-time decisions. To address these challenges, this work formulates the real-time P2P energy trading problem as a spatio-temporally constrained stochastic optimization problem and proposes a modified Lyapunov optimization method to handle uncertainties online. Additionally, an online distributed algorithm based on consensus alternating direction method of multipliers (ADMM) is developed to protect prosumers' privacy and solve the reformulated problem. The proposed algorithm ensures fast, stable, and safe operation of the real-time P2P energy market, with approximately 53.10% cost reduction compared to the greedy algorithm for intraday market operations.
Article
Computer Science, Information Systems
Hai-Bo Yuan, Wen-Jiang Zou, Seunghun Jung, Young-Bae Kim
Summary: This study aims to develop a real-time energy management strategy (EMS) to ensure fuel cell hybrid electric vehicles’ durability, battery charge sustenance, and fuel saving. Real time power separation was performed using rule-based EMS, and a genetic algorithm was used to calculate the optimal battery charge/discharge criterion. The effectiveness of this method was verified through simulation and experiments.
Article
Energy & Fuels
Luis Santiago Azuara-Grande, Santiago Arnaltes, Jaime Alonso-Martinez, Jose Luis Rodriguez-Amenedo
Summary: This paper introduces two novel energy management system (EMS) strategies for isolated hybrid microgrids, the Priority EMS strategy and the Optimal EMS strategy. Unlike previous EMS strategies reported in the literature, these strategies enable real-time operation of the hybrid microgrid, ensuring correct operation of the microgrid, and are validated and compared using MATLAB/Simulink.
Article
Green & Sustainable Science & Technology
Bingcong Jian, Hanqing Wang
Summary: This paper proposes a model for the power system of a Fuel Cell Electric Vehicle (FCEV) and validates it using Hardware-in-the-Loop (HIL) real-time emulation. The model utilizes a Multi-stack Fuel Cell (MFC) system for redundancy and a Nickel-metal Hydride (NiMH) battery pack as the secondary energy source. Close loop control strategies and a Rule-based Energy Management Strategy (REMS) are developed for stability and power distribution. The proposed model and method effectively operate the MFC system in high efficiency and maintain the Desired State of Charge (SOC) for the battery pack.
JOURNAL OF CLEANER PRODUCTION
(2022)
Article
Engineering, Electrical & Electronic
Chao Jia, Wei Qiao, Junwei Cui, Liyan Qu
Summary: To improve the fuel efficiency and durability of fuel cell hybrid electric vehicles (FCHEVs) and compete with battery electric vehicles, this article proposes a real-time adaptive model predictive control (AMPC)-based energy management strategy (EMS). The strategy optimally distributes the load current between the fuel cell (FC) and the battery in real time, considering the parameter variations of the FC hybrid system. Hardware-in-the-loop tests show that the proposed AMPC-based EMS achieves the best performance in reducing hydrogen consumption and FC current fluctuation compared to other real-time EMSs.
IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON POWER ELECTRONICS
(2023)
Article
Thermodynamics
Wenjun Pan, Yitao Wu, Yao Tong, Jie Li, Yonggang Liu
Summary: This paper proposes an energy management strategy optimized by dynamic programming for a series-parallel hybrid electric vehicle. The strategy is modeled and validated with experimental data, and the mapping relationship between control variables and driving conditions is analyzed. The influence of the engine warm-up process on fuel consumption is investigated, and the optimal operating mode distribution of clutches and the optimal power of the engine and motor are extracted to generate the real-time strategy.
ENERGY CONVERSION AND MANAGEMENT
(2023)
Article
Mathematics
Dimitrios Rimpas, Stavros D. Kaminaris, Dimitrios D. Piromalis, George Vokas
Summary: This paper employs a fuzzy logic controller and Mamdani model to control the power distribution of a hybrid system, aiming to optimize the performance of electric vehicles by improving total efficiency, reducing size, and extending battery life.
Article
Automation & Control Systems
Hao Chen, Jian Chen, Huaxin Lu, Chizhou Yan, Zhiyang Liu
IEEE-ASME TRANSACTIONS ON MECHATRONICS
(2020)
Article
Automation & Control Systems
Jian Chen, Hao Chen, Mi Zhou, Lalitesh Kumar, Jian Zheng
Summary: This article proposes an optimal strategy for simultaneous charging of electric vehicle battery packs, which is formulated as a multiobjective optimization problem. By applying quadratic programming, the optimal solution is obtained and an adaptive momentum-based steepest descent algorithm is proposed to minimize the charging time. Simulation and experimental results show that the proposed method can achieve simultaneous charging of battery packs in the shortest time.
IEEE-ASME TRANSACTIONS ON MECHATRONICS
(2022)
