Article
Chemistry, Applied
Junheng Liu, Zengguang Liu, Lejian Wang, Pan Wang, Ping Sun, Hongjie Ma, Pengcheng Wu
Summary: The study found that adding PODE to diesel fuel can effectively reduce smoke emissions, with the reduction becoming more significant with higher PODE blending ratios. The particle concentration distribution shifts towards smaller particle sizes and the total particle number concentrations decrease as PODE blending ratio increases. Additionally, the chemical properties and activation energy of pyrolysis reaction of particles are altered.
FUEL PROCESSING TECHNOLOGY
(2021)
Article
Environmental Sciences
Francois Boveroux, Severine Cassiers, Philippe De Meyer, Pascal Buekenhoudt, Benjamin Bergmans, Francois Idczak, Herve Jeanmart, Sebastian Verhelst, Francesco Contino
Summary: The study found that particle number emission factors measured at low idle show a high correlation with those obtained during homologation cycles or real-driving emission measurements. Additionally, the average Particle Number (PN) emission factors are highly impacted by high emitters in the fleet and the mileage of the vehicles.
ATMOSPHERIC ENVIRONMENT
(2021)
Article
Environmental Sciences
Zhiyuan Hu, Zhangying Lu, Bo Song, Yifeng Quan
Summary: This study investigated emissions from gasoline direct injection (GDI) vehicles and analyzed the characteristics of emitted particulate matter (PM), the emission factors of particulate number (PN) and size distribution properties under different test cycles. The results showed that there were differences in emissions among test cycles, with cold start having a significant impact and different sensitivity to start-up conditions. The gasoline particulate filter (GPF) could effectively capture particles, but some test cycles still had high levels of sub-23 nm particle emissions.
SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT
(2021)
Article
Environmental Sciences
Min-Kyeong Kim, Duckshin Park, Minjeong Kim, Jaeseok Heo, Sechan Park, Hwansoo Chong
Summary: The use of diesel locomotives in transport is on the decline, but in Korea, up to 30% of passenger and cargo transport still relies on them. Studies show that diesel locomotive exhaust poses health risks. This study focused on identifying and reducing the ionic components in fine PM emissions from diesel locomotives, showcasing different chemical compositions depending on engine load. The results highlight the importance of understanding and mitigating fine PM emissions from diesel locomotives.
Article
Energy & Fuels
Di Yage, Zhang Junjie, Cheung Chun Shun, Miao Xuelong, Zheng Jinbao, Peng Haiyong, Wu Tao
Summary: This study investigated the influence of biodiesel and diglyme blends on combustion and particulate emission characteristics in a 4-cylinder direct-injection diesel engine. The results showed that the increase in oxygen content led to advanced in-cylinder pressure and heat release curve for both blends, but with lower peak values compared to diesel. The combustion center was slightly varied for biodiesel fuels but significantly postponed for diglyme blends. Furthermore, the smoke opacity, brake specific particulate emissions, and the geometric mean diameter of particles decreased with the increase in soluble organic fraction proportion, with more obvious variations observed in biodiesel blends. In addition, the total particle number concentration and the particle smaller than 100 nm in diameter increased gradually and unidirectionally for biodiesel blended fuels, but for diglyme blends, the peak value of the total particle was found from the blend containing 2% oxygen and the particles from all diglyme blends were higher than that from diesel. Compared with biodiesel, diglyme fuels had more particulate and particles emissions on the same oxygen base.
Article
Chemistry, Multidisciplinary
Yanju Wei, Chenyang Zhang, Zengqiang Zhu, Yajie Zhang, Dunqiang He, Shenghua Liu
Summary: This study investigates the combustion and emission characteristics of PODE/diesel blends in diesel engines through simulation. The results show that the self-restoring oxygen properties of PODE can improve combustion efficiency but also increase NOx emissions. Increasing the blending ratio can reduce soot emissions. Optimizing the injection timing can reduce NOx emissions, while delaying the injection timing can reduce soot emissions. Increasing the EGR rate can control NOx emissions, but excessive EGR rate increases soot emissions.
APPLIED SCIENCES-BASEL
(2022)
Article
Engineering, Mechanical
Xin Meng, Jing Tian, Shuai Liu, Ruina Li, Jian Sun, Wenjun Liu
Summary: The addition of PODE in diesel fuel increases the proportions of lower carbon-atom-number components and oxygen-containing compounds in the soluble organic fractions of PM samples. Analysis of XPS and FT-IR data shows that the O/C ratio and graphitization degree of dry soot increase as the volume ratio of PODE increases. The relative content of hydroxyl functional groups follows the same trend, while the relative content of carbonyl functional groups shows the opposite trend with graphitization degree.
INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF AUTOMOTIVE TECHNOLOGY
(2023)
Article
Environmental Sciences
Dong Liu, Xiangrong Li, Liang Xie, Jiang Chang, Yuning Kang, Zhi Zhang
Summary: Through experimental research on a single-cylinder diesel engine comparing a lateral swirl combustion system (LSCS) and a Turbocharger-Charge Air Cooling-Diesel Particle Filter Series combustion system (TCDCS) at different conditions, it was found that the LSCS exhibits better combustion performance and lower total particle emission characteristics compared to the TCDCS. The LSCS effectively reduces the particle number and mass concentrations by 8.7-62.4% and 15.2-55.6% respectively at various loads. The increase in particle concentration smaller than approximately 8 nm in the LSCS can be attributed to the higher temperature and more thorough fuel/air mixture.
ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION
(2023)
Article
Energy & Fuels
Limin Geng, Yonggang Xiao, Shijie Li, Hao Chen, Xubo Chen
Summary: Advancing injection timing or increasing rail pressure leads to higher NOx emissions and lower soot emissions; under low loads, the number concentration of ultrafine particles first decreases and then increases, while it consistently decreases under medium and high loads; coal-based F-T diesel has lower number concentration and smaller geometric mean diameter of ultrafine particles.
JOURNAL OF THE ENERGY INSTITUTE
(2021)
Article
Environmental Sciences
Lisa Miyashita, Gary Foley, Ian Gill, Gavin Gillmore, Jonathan Grigg, David Wertheim
Summary: The study reveals that diesel particulate matter can appear as aggregates of spherule particles with smooth surfaces or with sharp jagged edges. These new findings may explain how air pollution particulate matter can infiltrate human airway cells and lead to various diseases.
ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH
(2021)
Article
Environmental Sciences
Jinxi Zhou, Song Zhou, Zhanguang Wang
Summary: With the implementation of sulfur emission regulations, the impact of PM emissions from marine diesel engines on the nearshore environment and human health is becoming increasingly concerning. This study investigates the emission characteristics and influencing factors of PM from marine diesel engines, including number and mass emissions, volatility, composition, and toxicity. The results show that fuel type and engine type influence the size distribution of particle number.
ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH
(2023)
Article
Energy & Fuels
Xichang Wang, Chao Geng, Juntong Dong, Xiaodan Li, Teng Xu, Chao Jin, Haifeng Liu, Bin Mao
Summary: Polyoxymethylene dimethyl ethers (PODE) can enhance the miscibility of ethanol/diesel blends, while the pilot injection strategy can improve combustion noise and NOx emissions. The study shows that optimizing the pilot injection strategy can improve the thermal efficiency and reduce hazardous gas emissions of the blends.
Article
Thermodynamics
Bahram Jafari, Mahdi Seddiq, Seyyed Mostafa Mirsalim
Summary: This research shows that increasing syngas energy ratio and adjusting diesel injection timing can effectively reduce emissions and improve engine performance. However, increasing syngas ratio may also lead to higher combustion and heat transfer losses.
ENERGY CONVERSION AND MANAGEMENT
(2021)
Article
Environmental Sciences
Jung Eun Park, Jun Young Lee, Jungho Chae, Chang Ho Min, Hee Soon Shin, So Young Lee, Jae Young Lee, Jeong Hoon Park, Jongho Jeon
Summary: Exposure to diesel particulate matter (DPM) can cause severe respiratory diseases and toxic effects on extrapulmonary organs, as shown by molecular imaging and radiolabeling techniques in animal models. DPM was primarily distributed in the lungs, but also translocated to other organs such as the heart, spleen, and liver.
Article
Environmental Sciences
Wei Liu, Jing Wei, Miao Cai, Zhengmin Qian, Zheng Long, Lijun Wang, Michael G. Vaughn, Hannah E. Aaron, Xunliang Tong, Yanming Li, Peng Yin, Hualiang Lin, Maigeng Zhou
Summary: This study found evidence on a national level that short-term exposure to submicron particulate matter pollution can increase asthma mortality in China. The study highlights stronger associations between ambient PM1 and asthma mortality compared to PM2.5 and PM10.
Article
Thermodynamics
Hai Zhao, Puzhen Gao, Xiaochang Li, Ruifeng Tian, Hongyang Wei, Sichao Tan
Summary: This study numerically investigates the interaction between flow-induced vibration and forced convection heat transfer in a tube bundle. The results show that the impact of flow-induced vibration on heat transfer varies in different flow velocity regions.
APPLIED THERMAL ENGINEERING
(2024)
Article
Thermodynamics
Rohit Chintala, Jon Winkler, Sugirdhalakshmi Ramaraj, Xin Jin
Summary: The current state of fault detection and diagnosis for residential air-conditioning systems is expensive and not suitable for widespread implementation. This paper proposes a cost-effective solution by introducing an automated fault detection algorithm as a screening step before more expensive tests can be conducted. The algorithm uses home thermostats and local weather information to identify thermodynamic parameters and detect high-impact air-conditioning faults.
APPLIED THERMAL ENGINEERING
(2024)
Article
Thermodynamics
A. Azimi, N. Basiri, M. Eslami
Summary: This paper presents a novel optimization algorithm for improving the water-film cooling system of photovoltaic panels, resulting in a significant increase in net energy generation.
APPLIED THERMAL ENGINEERING
(2024)
Article
Thermodynamics
Duc-Thuan Phung, Chin-Hsiang Cheng
Summary: In this study, a novel CFDMD model is used to analyze and investigate the behavior of thermal-lag engines (TLE). The study shows that the CFDMD model effectively captures the thermodynamic behavior of the working gas and the dynamic behavior of the engine mechanism. Additionally, the study explores the temporal evolution of engine speed and the influence of various parameters on shaft power and brake thermal efficiency. The research also reveals the existence of a thermal-lag phenomenon in TLE.
APPLIED THERMAL ENGINEERING
(2024)
Article
Thermodynamics
Haiying Yang, Yinjie Shen, Lin Li, Yichen Pan, Ping Yang
Summary: The purpose of this article is to find a measure to improve the interfacial thermal transfer of graphene/silicon heterojunction. Through molecular dynamics simulation, it is found that surface modification can significantly reduce the thermal resistance, thereby improving the thermal conductivity of the graphene/silicon interface.
APPLIED THERMAL ENGINEERING
(2024)
Article
Thermodynamics
Qiong Wu, Yancheng Wang, Haonan Zhou, Xingye Qiu, Deqing Mei
Summary: This article introduces a visible methanol steam reforming microreactor, which uses an optical crystal as an observation window and measures the reaction temperature in real-time using infrared thermography. The results show that under lower oxygen to carbon ratio conditions, the microreactor has a higher heating rate and a stable gradient in temperature distribution.
APPLIED THERMAL ENGINEERING
(2024)
Review
Thermodynamics
Giulia Manco, Umberto Tesio, Elisa Guelpa, Vittorio Verda
Summary: In the past decade, there has been a growing interest in studying energy systems for the combined management of power vectors. Most of the published works focus on finding the optimal design and operations of Multi Energy Systems (MES). However, for newcomers to this field, understanding how to achieve the desired optimization details while controlling computational expenses can be challenging and time-consuming. This paper presents a novel approach to analyzing the existing literature on MES, with the aim of guiding practical development of MES optimization. Through the discussion of six case studies, the authors provide a mathematical formulation as a reference for building the model and emphasize the impact of different aspects on the problem nature and solver selection. In addition, the paper also discusses the different approaches used in the literature for incorporating thermal networks and storage in the optimization of multi-energy systems.
APPLIED THERMAL ENGINEERING
(2024)
Article
Thermodynamics
Xuepeng Yuan, Caiman Yan, Yunxian Huang, Yong Tang, Shiwei Zhang, Gong Chen
Summary: In this study, a multi-scale microgroove wick (MSMGW) was developed by laser irradiation, which demonstrated superior capillary performance. The surface morphology and performance of the wick were affected by laser scan pitch, laser power, repetition frequency, and scanning speed. The MSMGW showed optimal capillary performance in alumina material and DI water as the working fluid.
APPLIED THERMAL ENGINEERING
(2024)
Article
Thermodynamics
Maofei Mei, Feng Hu, Chong Han
Summary: This paper proposes an effective local search method based on detection of droplet boundaries for understanding the dynamic process of droplet growth during dropwise condensation. The method is validated by comparing with experimental data. The present simulation provides an effective approach to more accurately predict the nucleation site density in future studies.
APPLIED THERMAL ENGINEERING
(2024)
Article
Thermodynamics
Rahul Kumar Sharma, Ashish Kumar, Dibakar Rakshit
Summary: The study explores the use of phase change materials (PCM) as a retrofit with Heating Ventilation and Air-conditioning systems (HVAC) to reduce energy consumption and improve air quality. By incorporating PCM with specific thickness and fin configurations, significant energy savings can be achieved in comparison to standard HVAC systems utilizing R134a. This research provides policymakers with energy-efficient and sustainable solutions for HVAC systems to combat climate change.
APPLIED THERMAL ENGINEERING
(2024)
Article
Thermodynamics
Zhenhua Ren, Xiangjin Meng, Xingang Qi, Hui Jin, Yunan Chen, Bin Chen, Liejin Guo
Summary: This paper investigates the heat transfer mechanism and factors influencing thermal radiation in the process of supercritical water gasification (SCWG) of coal, and proposes a comprehensive numerical model to simulate the process. Experimental validation results show that thermal radiation accounts for a significant proportion of the total heat exchange in the reactor and a large amount of radiant energy exists in the important spectral range of supercritical water. Enhancing radiative heat transfer can effectively increase the temperature of the reaction medium and the gasification rate.
APPLIED THERMAL ENGINEERING
(2024)
Article
Thermodynamics
Mauro Abela, Mauro Mameli, Sauro Filippeschi, Brent S. Taft
Summary: Pulsating Heat Pipes (PHP) are passive two-phase heat transfer devices with a simple structure and high heat transfer capabilities. The actual unpredictability of their dynamic behavior during startup and thermal crisis hinders their large-scale application. An experimental apparatus is designed to investigate these phenomena systematically. The results show that increasing the number of evaporator sections and condenser temperature improves the performance of PHP. The condenser temperature also affects the initial liquid phase distribution and startup time.
APPLIED THERMAL ENGINEERING
(2024)
Article
Thermodynamics
Ke Gan, Ruilian Li, Yi Zheng, Hui Xu, Ying Gao, Jiajie Qian, Ziming Wei, Bin Kong, Hong Zhang
Summary: A 3-dimensional enhanced heat pipe radiator has been developed to improve heat dissipation and temperature uniformity in cooling high-power electronic components. Experimental results show that the radiator has superior heat transfer performance compared to a conventional aluminum fin radiator under different heating powers and wind speed conditions.
APPLIED THERMAL ENGINEERING
(2024)
Article
Thermodynamics
Xinyi Zhang, Shuzhong Wang, Daihui Jiang, Zhiqiang Wu
Summary: This study focuses on recovering waste heat from blast furnace slag using dry centrifugal pelletizing technology. A comprehensive two-dimensional model was developed to analyze heat transfer dynamics and investigate factors influencing heat exchange efficiency. The findings have important implications for optimizing waste heat recovery and ensuring safe operations.
APPLIED THERMAL ENGINEERING
(2024)
Article
Thermodynamics
Xincheng Wu, An Zou, Qiang Zhang, Zhaoguang Wang
Summary: The boosting heat generation rate of high-performance processors is challenging traditional cooling techniques. This study proposes a combined design of active jet intermittency and passive surface modification to enhance heat transfer.
APPLIED THERMAL ENGINEERING
(2024)