Review
Chemistry, Multidisciplinary
Wentao Jiang, Ziyu Wu, Zheng Gao, Mimi Wan, Min Zhou, Chun Mao, Jian Shen
Summary: Artificial cells are constructed to imitate natural cells and can be used for studying biological processes and the origin of life. They can be endowed with various functions through the incorporation of proteins and genes, and have great potential in therapeutic applications.
Review
Chemistry, Multidisciplinary
Ke Li, Craig M. Crews
Summary: PROTACs are a type of molecules with novel event-driven mechanism, offering multiple advantages over traditional inhibitors, such as catalytic nature and targeted protein degradation, which may lead to improved therapeutic outcomes with reduced toxicity. However, further research and development efforts are needed to fully explore their potential.
CHEMICAL SOCIETY REVIEWS
(2022)
Review
Materials Science, Multidisciplinary
Joseph Rich, Zhenhua Tian, Tony Jun Huang
Summary: The research in intracellular delivery technologies has surged with the advancement in cell-based therapies and reprogramming. Physical cell membrane permeabilization techniques, especially sonoporation, show promise in delivering functional cargos to various cells, but bubble-based methods may have limitations such as requiring contrast agents and potential damage to cell components. Development of non-bubble-based sonoporation mechanisms aims to overcome these limitations and improve intracellular delivery efficiency.
ADVANCED MATERIALS TECHNOLOGIES
(2022)
Review
Chemistry, Medicinal
Yasuhiro Nishida, Pernilla Christina Berg, Behnaz Shakersain, Karen Hecht, Akiko Takikawa, Ruohan Tao, Yumeka Kakuta, Chiasa Uragami, Hideki Hashimoto, Norihiko Misawa, Takashi Maoka
Summary: This review article provides a comprehensive exploration of the history, chemical and physical attributes, distribution, and biosynthesis of astaxanthin (AX). It also delves into the health benefits, biofunctional characteristics, and market status of AX, aiming to provide a robust foundation for future scientific endeavors addressing societal needs for sustainable nutritional and medicinal solutions.
Review
Plant Sciences
Ian Max Moller, Allan G. Rasmusson, Olivier Van Aken
Summary: The study of plant mitochondria began in the 1950s, focusing on establishing basic properties and unique characteristics compared to mammalian mitochondria. With advancements in molecular biology and genomics, further unique features were discovered, including the large size of plant mtDNA, unique mRNA maturation process, and a large proteome with many unique proteins.
Review
Immunology
Alex Moretti, Marianna Ponzo, Charles A. Nicolette, Irina Y. Tcherepanova, Andrea Biondi, Chiara F. Magnani
Summary: Adoptive transfer of chimeric antigen receptor (CAR) T lymphocytes is a powerful immunotherapy technique. However, the accessibility to viral vectors for T cell transfection hampers the widespread use of cell therapy. Non-viral vectors offer a more versatile, flexible, and sustainable alternative for next-generation CAR T cell manufacturing.
FRONTIERS IN IMMUNOLOGY
(2022)
Review
Chemistry, Multidisciplinary
Xiaozhou Ma, Jelco Albertsma, Dieke Gabriels, Rens Horst, Sevgi Polat, Casper Snoeks, Freek Kapteijn, Huseyin Burak Eral, David A. A. Vermaas, Bastian Mei, Sissi de Beer, Monique Ann van der Veen
Summary: Large amounts of carbon monoxide are produced through industrial processes, but separating carbon monoxide from other gases is challenging due to their similar physical properties. However, carbon monoxide is valuable in the production of chemicals and hydrocarbons, making the development of efficient CO separation processes important for both industry and the environment.
CHEMICAL SOCIETY REVIEWS
(2023)
Review
Chemistry, Multidisciplinary
Yungyeong Lee, Cyrille Boyer, Min Sang Kwon
Summary: In this review, the history, progress, and applications of photocontrolled reversible addition-fragmentation chain transfer (RAFT) polymerization are briefly summarized. The challenges of this technique, including photoinduced electron/energy transfer-RAFT (PET-RAFT), photoiniferter, and photomediated cationic RAFT polymerization, are discussed. Visible-light-driven RAFT polymerization has gained significant attention due to its low energy consumption and safe reaction procedure, and the use of visible-light photocatalysis offers additional benefits such as spatiotemporal control and oxygen tolerance. However, a comprehensive understanding of the reaction mechanism is still lacking. Recent efforts combining quantum chemical calculations and experimental evidence have been made to elucidate the polymerization mechanisms. This review provides insights for the better design of polymerization systems and explores the full potential of photocontrolled RAFT polymerization in both academic and industrial applications.
CHEMICAL SOCIETY REVIEWS
(2023)
Review
Chemistry, Multidisciplinary
Xinxin Wu, Zhigang Ma, Tingting Feng, Chen Zhu
Summary: Rearrangement reactions are crucial in organic chemistry, improving synthetic efficiency and molecular complexity. Ionic rearrangement reactions and radical-mediated rearrangements are the focus of research, with new radical rearrangements revealing migratory behavior of functional groups.
CHEMICAL SOCIETY REVIEWS
(2021)
Article
Neurosciences
Marcela Lipovsek, Cedric Bardy, Cathryn R. Cadwell, Kristen Hadley, Dmitry Kobak, Shreejoy J. Tripathy
Summary: Patch-seq is a revolutionary technique in neuroscience that integrates morphology, physiology, and gene expression data to study neuronal biology comprehensively. It enables targeted study of specific neuronal populations, compilation of multimodal cell type atlases, and investigation of the molecular basis of morphologic and functional diversity. This technique has the potential for further technical development and implementation in various research areas to directly link gene expression to brain function.
JOURNAL OF NEUROSCIENCE
(2021)
Review
Physics, Particles & Fields
Nathaniel Craig
Summary: This article assesses the state of naturalness in high-energy physics and summarizes recent approaches to the three major naturalness problems: the cosmological constant problem, the electroweak hierarchy problem, and the strong CP problem.
EUROPEAN PHYSICAL JOURNAL C
(2023)
Review
Chemistry, Multidisciplinary
Ludan Yue, Xueyang Zhang, Chenchen Zhao, Rongchang Chen, Xiaoyuan Chen, Lang Rao
Summary: Inhaled drug delivery is an emerging route for the treatment of lung diseases, with advantages over oral and intravenous routes. However, there are physiological barriers that affect delivery efficacy in the respiratory tract. This review provides an overview of inhaled drug delivery methods, highlighting non-invasive strategies for treating lung diseases.
Review
Endocrinology & Metabolism
Michael A. Morris, Babak Saboury, Mark Ahlman, Ashkan A. Malayeri, Elizabeth C. Jones, Clara C. Chen, Corina Millo
Summary: The goal of parathyroid imaging is to identify the sources of excessive parathyroid hormone secretion before surgery. Various imaging approaches, including ultrasound, 4DCT, 4DMRI, and scintigraphy with 99mTc-Sestamibi, have been used for this purpose. Combining structural imaging with molecular imaging in hybrid approaches, such as PET/CT and PET/MRI, can provide robust information on both structure and function.
FRONTIERS IN ENDOCRINOLOGY
(2022)
Article
Engineering, Electrical & Electronic
Marco Dorigo, Guy Theraulaz, Vito Trianni
Summary: Swarm robotics involves the design and deployment of large groups of robots that work together to solve problems. Inspired by natural self-organizing systems, it aims to create multirobot systems that are more adaptable, reliable, and flexible than single robots.
PROCEEDINGS OF THE IEEE
(2021)
Article
Chemistry, Multidisciplinary
Lisa H. M. de Groot, Aleksandra Ilic, Jesper Schwarz, Kenneth Waernmark
Summary: Photoredox catalysis driven by iron has gained significant attention in recent years due to its potential environmental and economic benefits. This Perspective highlights three major strategies that have been used to achieve reactivities comparable to noble metal photoredox catalysis. The strategies include replacing noble metal centers with iron, generating photoactive complexes through substrate coordination, and improving the properties of charge-transfer states through ligand design. This article provides an overview and assessment of recent developments in this rapidly growing field and discusses the future prospects of iron-based photoredox catalysis.
JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY
(2023)
Article
Surgery
Mugurel Constantin Rusu, Mihai Lazar, Corneliu Toader
Summary: A rare anatomic variant was discovered in a 61-year-old male patient during the documentation of a computed tomography angiogram. The anterior communicating artery (AComA) was absent from its usual location, and the right anterior cerebral artery (ACA) continued as the callosomarginal artery (CMA), while the left ACA formed the CMA. Therefore, the absence of the AComA can only be confirmed after bilateral anastomoses within the interhemispheric fissure are documented.
JOURNAL OF CRANIOFACIAL SURGERY
(2023)
Review
Medicine, General & Internal
Razvan Costin Tudose, Mugurel Constantin Rusu, Sorin Hostiuc
Summary: This study evaluated the variational anatomy of the vertebral artery, including aspects such as origin, course, tortuosity, hypoplasia, and dominance, and determined the prevalence of each variation. The most common site for the origin of both vertebral arteries was the subclavian artery, and the prevalence of left vertebral artery origin from the aortic arch was 4.81%. The majority of vertebral arteries entered the transverse foramen of the C6 vertebra, and tortuosity was present in 25.9% of cases, while hypoplasia was observed in 7.94% of vessels. Left vertebral artery dominance (36.1%) was more common compared to right vertebral artery dominance (25.3%).
Article
Immunology
Ahmadreza Bazmjoo, Mohammad Aref Bagherzadeh, Rahim Raoofi, Ali Taghipour, Samaneh Mazaherifar, Hojatallah Sotoodeh, Zahra Ostadi, Enayat Shadmand, Mirza A. M. Jahromi, Amir Abdoli
Summary: This study investigated the serological and molecular status of T. gondii infection among HIV-infected individuals who had co-infection with HBV and HCV infections. The results showed that co-infections of T. gondii, HCV, and HBV were common among HIV-infected patients, and co-infections had a negative correlation with CD4 + cell counts of the patients.
IMMUNITY INFLAMMATION AND DISEASE
(2023)
Article
Medicine, General & Internal
Mihaela Daniela Manta, Mugurel Constantin Rusu, Sorin Hostiuc, Alexandra Diana Vrapciu, Bogdan Adrian Manta, Adelina Maria Jianu
Summary: The spin of the carotid bifurcation is relatively symmetrical bilaterally, especially for the variants with the external carotid artery in the antero-medial or anterior position to the internal carotid artery.
Review
Health Care Sciences & Services
Oana-Maria Isaila, Eduard Drima, Sorin Hostiuc
Summary: Restrictive measures during the COVID-19 pandemic significantly impacted the healthcare system, including dental healthcare. Studies have shown a possible association between mental and oral health, with psychiatric patients having poor dental status. Additionally, there is a positive association between SARS-CoV-2 infection and oral health conditions, as well as mental health status. This article aims to analyze the ethical issues in dental care for patients with mental disorders during COVID-19 restrictive measures.
Article
Medicine, General & Internal
Mihaela Daniela Manta, Mugurel Constantin Rusu, Sorin Hostiuc, Alexandra Diana Vrapciu, Bogdan Adrian Manta, Adelina Maria Jianu
Summary: This study retrospectively analyzed 147 CT angiograms to classify and study the relationship between the carotid arteries and the hyoid bone. The results showed that the majority of cases had no relationship between the carotid arteries and the hyoid bone. Various types of carotid-hyoid relationships were observed, and these relationships could be accurately documented using CT angiograms.
MEDICINA-LITHUANIA
(2023)
Review
Medicine, General & Internal
Mugurel Constantin Rusu, Razvan Costin Tudose, Alexandra Diana Vrapciu, Corneliu Toader, Serban Arghir Popescu
Summary: This study comprehensively reviewed different publications and analyzed the anatomical variations of the external jugular vein using dissections and three-dimensional models. The study also discussed the tributaries of the vein and its connection with the internal jugular vein. It emphasizes the importance of careful consideration when encountering or reporting morphological features of the external jugular vein.
MEDICINA-LITHUANIA
(2023)
Article
Medicine, General & Internal
Catalin Constantin Dumitru, Sorin Hostiuc, Alexandra Diana Vrapciu, Mugurel Constantin Rusu
Summary: This study aimed to investigate the vertical topographic possibilities of the origin of the occipital artery (OA). The results showed that the origin of the OA can vary from an infrahyoid to a supragonial level, and there is a significant bilateral symmetry in the origin types. It is important to document the topography of the OA origin for surgical planning or prior to endovascular approaches.
MEDICINA-LITHUANIA
(2023)
Article
Medicine, General & Internal
Ana-Maria Davidoiu, Dragos Ionut Minca, Mugurel Constantin Rusu, Sorin Hostiuc, Corneliu Toader
Summary: Background and Objectives: Anatomical variations of the arterial circle of Willis (cW) are common. This study aimed to document the morphological possibilities of fetal posterior cerebral artery (FPCA) within the cW. Materials and Methods: FPCAs were documented on 139 computed tomography angiograms. Results: FPCAs were found in thirteen cases, with various configurations of the cW sides. Unilateral and bilateral FPCAs were observed, with different combinations of partial and full FPCAs. Conclusion: Anatomical assessments of cW should be performed on a case-by-case basis, as they may correspond to different cW morphologies.
MEDICINA-LITHUANIA
(2023)
Article
Medicine, General & Internal
Sorin Hostiuc, Eduard Drima
Summary: COVID-19 poses increased risk to dementia patients and necessitates a unique approach to managing ethical issues related to their care. The concept of dignity, often overlooked in clinical practice, plays a crucial role in the management of these patients. This article aims to assess the unique features of dignity in treating dementia patients during the pandemic and proposes new approaches for analyzing and implementing dignity in clinical practice.
MEDICINA-LITHUANIA
(2023)
Article
Anatomy & Morphology
Rongyan Sun, Yubo Zhou, Jiao Liang, Lihong Yang, Zhengjun Fan, Huali Wang
Summary: This study found that knockdown of MDM2 can attenuate vascular endothelial dysfunction in hypertension, which may be achieved through inhibiting the activation of Notch1 and NLRP3 inflammasome.
ANNALS OF ANATOMY-ANATOMISCHER ANZEIGER
(2024)
Article
Anatomy & Morphology
E. M. Fernandez-Rubio, R. J. Radlanski
Summary: This study investigates the development of the primary and secondary temporomandibular joints in humans, focusing on their coexistence and subsequent separation. The findings reveal that both joints develop simultaneously and remain connected for over 6 weeks before separating at around the 18th to 24th week. Understanding the precise timing and functional movements involved in the development of these joints is crucial for comprehending the overall development of the temporomandibular joint.
ANNALS OF ANATOMY-ANATOMISCHER ANZEIGER
(2024)
Article
Anatomy & Morphology
Nawwaf Sebastian Damen, Sorin Hostiuc, Adelina Maria Jianu, Bogdan Adrian Manta, Mugurel Constantin Rusu, Mihai Adrian Dobra
Summary: This study documented the anatomical variations of the left renal vein (LRV) through a retrospective analysis of 375 computed tomography angiograms. Five different anatomical types of LRV were identified, and a new anatomical classification system for the retroaortic LRV (RLRV) was proposed.
ANNALS OF ANATOMY-ANATOMISCHER ANZEIGER
(2024)
Article
Anatomy & Morphology
Harald Knof, Markus Berndt, Thomas Shiozawa
Summary: This study investigated the impact of online learning conditions on the oral exam performance of medical students. The results showed that students who used collaborative learning strategies were able to assess their abilities more realistically. However, the learning strategies did not have an impact on exam results.
ANNALS OF ANATOMY-ANATOMISCHER ANZEIGER
(2024)
Review
Anatomy & Morphology
Felix Margenfeld, Adib Zendehdel, Giorgio Tamborrini, Magdalena Mueller-Gerbl
Summary: This study is the first scoping review to screen ultrasound studies on human cadaver joints and revealed a heterogeneous field. It is recommended to use a uniform method for conducting and presenting ultrasound examinations in future studies.
ANNALS OF ANATOMY-ANATOMISCHER ANZEIGER
(2024)
Article
Anatomy & Morphology
Rafael Heiss, Svenja A. Hoeger, Michael Uder, Thilo Hotfiel, Jannis Hanspach, Frederik B. Laun, Armin M. Nagel, Frank W. Roemer
Summary: This study utilized 7 Tesla magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) to assess morphological and functional changes in skeletal muscle during exercise-induced delayed onset muscle soreness (DOMS). The results showed significant alterations in T2 signal intensity and T2 values immediately after exercise and 60 hours later. These findings suggest the potential use of ultra-high field MRI in sports medicine to monitor microstructural muscle damage and guide appropriate therapeutic strategies.
ANNALS OF ANATOMY-ANATOMISCHER ANZEIGER
(2024)
Article
Anatomy & Morphology
Lukasz Olewnik, Nicol Zielinska, Kacper Ruzik, Michal Podgorski, Przemyslaw Kicinski, Rui Diogo, Friedrich Paulsen
Summary: This study provides the first comprehensive classification of the fibularis brevis tendon based on its insertion in human fetuses and evaluates the prevalence of fibularis digiti quinti.
ANNALS OF ANATOMY-ANATOMISCHER ANZEIGER
(2024)
Article
Anatomy & Morphology
Denise Bonente, Virginia Barone, Vitaliano Francesco Muzii, Sara Ottolenghi, Miriam Durante, Sandra Bracco, Claudio Nicoletti, Eugenio Bertelli
Summary: This study characterizes the morphology and topography of the spina musculi recti lateralis (SMRL) and compares it to known bony landmarks. The results show that the SMRL is a process of the sphenoidal orbital plate and serves as a reliable landmark for the insertion of the tendinous ring and lateral rectus. This is an important variation for orbital surgeons to be aware of.
ANNALS OF ANATOMY-ANATOMISCHER ANZEIGER
(2024)
Article
Anatomy & Morphology
Fatih Cicek, Selim Cinaroglu, Faruk Gazi Ceranoglu, Erkut Kucuk, Kursad Ramazan Zor
Summary: This study revealed the nerve innervation of the orbicularis oculi muscle for BoNT treatment of blepharospasm using Sihler's staining technique. It identified precise crossing points of these nerves, which can be targeted for BoNT administration, leading to more efficient outcomes and reduced expenses.
ANNALS OF ANATOMY-ANATOMISCHER ANZEIGER
(2024)
