Article
Chemistry, Physical
Kailash Arole, Mohsen Tajedini, Anubhav Sarmah, Swarnima Athavale, Micah J. Green, Hong Liang
Summary: Ti3C2Tz nanoparticles can enhance the thermal conductivity, rheological properties, and lubrication performance of silicone and PAO oils. The addition of Ti3C2Tz increased the thermal conductivity by 16% in silicone oil and 23% in PAO oil. It also reduced the viscosity by 12.3% and 18.1% and decreased the friction by 23% and 65% in silicone and PAO oils, respectively.
JOURNAL OF MOLECULAR LIQUIDS
(2023)
Article
Engineering, Environmental
Lirong Cai, Zheng Li, Sensen Zhang, Kaitlyn Prenger, Michael Naguib, Vilas G. Pol
Summary: The study identified Ti3C2Tz MXene as a safer anode material for lithium ion batteries, with significantly reduced heat generation compared to conventional graphite anode. This material also showed improved capacity and lower operational potential, enhancing the safety and performance of LIBs.
CHEMICAL ENGINEERING JOURNAL
(2021)
Article
Chemistry, Physical
Guler Bengusu Tezel, Kailash Arole, Dustin E. Holta, Miladin Radovic, Micah J. Green
Summary: The study investigates the viscoelastic properties of dispersed Ti3C2Tz MXene particles in aqueous dispersions, analyzing their behavior at different temperatures through experiments and theoretical models. It is found that inter-particle interactions have a significant impact on the rheology of the dispersion system.
JOURNAL OF COLLOID AND INTERFACE SCIENCE
(2022)
Article
Chemistry, Physical
Ahmed S. Etman, Joseph Halim, Johanna Rosen
Summary: This study reports the use of freestanding Mo(1.33)CTz-Ti3C2Tz mixed MXene films in Zn-ion hybrid supercapacitors, showing high capacities, retention rates, energy densities, and power densities. It also discusses the impact of electrode thickness on rate performance and charge storage mechanism, opening up potential for sustainable energy storage systems.
MATERIALS TODAY ENERGY
(2021)
Article
Chemistry, Multidisciplinary
Hossein Alijani, Amgad R. Rezk, Mohammad Mehdi Khosravi Farsani, Heba Ahmed, Joseph Halim, Philipp Reineck, Billy J. Murdoch, Ahmed El-Ghazaly, Johanna Rosen, Leslie Y. Yeo
Summary: This study presents a new room-temperature, chemical-free synthesis method that utilizes high-frequency nanometer-level electromechanical vibrations to convert MXene materials into zero-dimensional structures mainly consisting of monolayer nanosheets and quantum dots while preserving them from oxidation.
Article
Materials Science, Multidisciplinary
S. Jolly, M. P. Paranthaman, M. Naguib
Summary: The study presents a method to synthesize Ti3AlC2 MAX phase and Ti3C2Tx MXene from low-cost precursors, achieving high purity samples and excellent conductivity and capacitance through adjusted material ratios and modified synthesis processes.
MATERIALS TODAY ADVANCES
(2021)
Article
Engineering, Environmental
Junhui Gong, Jingyi Liu, Bo Liu, Dongxu Ouyang
Summary: In this study, a 3D mathematical model based on COMSOL Multiphysics was developed to investigate thermal runaway propagation and the effect of a new anode material, annealed Ti3C2Tz MXene, in a 3 x 3 battery pack. The reliability of the model was verified by simulating experimental temperature evaluation. The results showed that the modified battery delayed the occurrence of thermal runaway, reduced the maximum temperature and temperature rising rate, and significantly inhibited the propagation of thermal runaway in the battery pack.
PROCESS SAFETY AND ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION
(2023)
Article
Chemistry, Multidisciplinary
Sanjit Saha, Kailash Arole, Miladin Radovic, Jodie L. Lutkenhaus, Micah J. Green
Summary: Titanium carbide/reduced graphene oxide (Ti3C2Tz/rGO) gels were prepared via a one-step hydrothermal process, exhibiting a highly porous structure with a high specific surface area. By adjusting the content of graphene oxide (GO) and Ti3C2Tz nanosheets in the precursor, different microstructures can be achieved. The gel electrodes showed enhanced supercapacitor performance due to the synergistic effect of EDLC from graphene oxide and redox capacitance from titanium carbide.
Article
Materials Science, Multidisciplinary
Yongfeng Qu, Jin Yuan, Ningkang Deng, Wenbo Hu, Shengli Wu, Hongxing Wang
Summary: The impact of amorphous silicon (a-Si) intermediate layer thickness on thermal transport at the Si/diamond heterointerface was investigated through molecular dynamics simulations. It was observed that introducing a 0.5-nm-thick a-Si intermediate layer increased the thermal boundary conductance (TBC) by over 38% compared to the Si/diamond interface without the a-Si layer. However, as the thickness of the a-Si layer increased, the TBC of Si/diamond decreased. Analysis of the phonon vibrational spectrum revealed that the a-Si layer alleviated phonon mismatch between Si and diamond, enhancing heat transport channels and leading to increased TBC. Additionally, TBC increased with temperature due to enhanced inelastic scattering of phonons. These findings demonstrate the effective regulation of thermal transport at the Si/diamond heterointerface through control of the a-Si intermediate layer thickness, providing insights for thermal management design in Si/diamond-based electronic devices.
RESULTS IN PHYSICS
(2023)
Article
Nanoscience & Nanotechnology
Huaixuan Cao, Maria Escamilla, Muhammad Anas, Zeyi Tan, Siddhant Gulati, Junyeong Yun, Kailash Dhondiram Arole, Jodie L. Lutkenhaus, Miladin Radovic, Emily B. Pentzer, Micah J. Green
Summary: This study demonstrates the fabrication of MXene-armored polymer particles using dispersion polymerization in Pickering emulsions, which can be used as feedstocks for MXene/polymer composite films with excellent EMI shielding performance. The presence of nanosheets on the particle surface was confirmed by X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy and scanning electron microscopy, showing the successful templating of an electrical network at low MXene loadings. The resulting Ti3C2Tz/polymer composite films exhibited high electrical conductivity and EMI shielding effectiveness, providing a new approach for MXene/polymer composite films fabrication.
ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES
(2021)
Article
Chemistry, Multidisciplinary
Wei Zheng, Joseph Halim, Ahmed El Ghazaly, Ahmed S. Etman, Eric Nestor Tseng, Per O. A. Persson, Johanna Rosen, Michel W. Barsoum
Summary: The study on MoO3/Ti3C2Tz films demonstrates superior energy storage and power capabilities, laying the foundation for practical applications.
Article
Nanoscience & Nanotechnology
Zhe Cheng, Fengwen Mu, Xiaoyang Ji, Tiangui You, Wenhui Xu, Tadatomo Suga, Xin Ou, David G. Cahill, Samuel Graham
Summary: This work introduces a thermal mapping technique for buried semiconductor interfaces and identifies weakly bonded interfaces caused by high-temperature annealing. It also highlights the capability of using steady-state temperature rise induced by TDTR laser to probe thermal boundary conductance variations of buried interfaces.
ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES
(2021)
Article
Chemistry, Physical
Ian J. Echols, Junyeong Yun, Huaixuan Cao, Ratul Mitra Thakur, Anubhav Sarmah, Zeyi Tan, Richard Littleton, Miladin Radovic, Micah J. Green, Jodie L. Lutkenhaus
Summary: This research reports the functionalization of Ti3C2Tz nanosheets to render them positively charged, enabling the layer-by-layer assembly of Ti3C2Tz-only thin films. These films exhibit significantly higher electrical conductivities and capacitances compared to analogous polymer/MXene LbL films. The LbL assembly method enables adherent coatings on various surfaces and geometries. The potential applications of these MXene-only films include optoelectronics, energy storage devices, catalysis, and sterilization.
CHEMISTRY OF MATERIALS
(2022)
Article
Chemistry, Multidisciplinary
Michael S. Carey, Michel W. Barsoum
Summary: Treating HF or HCl/LiF etched Ti3C2Tz with 0.05 M NaHCO3 before water washing reduces wastewater generation by 75%. The precipitation of cryolite (Na3AlF6) effectively removes fluorine from spent etching waste when etched with HF, providing insights into the etching chemistry of MAX to MXene and offering a tool for optimizing MXene production. Additionally, washing HF etched multilayered Ti3C2Tz with 0.05 M NaHCO3 allows for the production of delaminated Ti3C2Tz colloidal suspensions, which usually requires the use of TBAOH or DMSO for intercalation and delamination. Ti3C2Tz made with HCl/LiF and washed with 0.05 M NaHCO3 yields a colloidal suspension with a concentration of 18 mg mL(-1) and a film conductivity of 1150 S cm(-1).
Article
Nanoscience & Nanotechnology
Cameron Foss, Zlatan Aksamija
Summary: This study investigates the temperature-dependent thermal boundary conductance (TBC) of various beyond-graphene 2D materials on different substrates, showing the effect of temperature and encapsulation on TBC. The results reveal that some 2D materials can achieve or exceed the thermal conductivity of graphene, with the potential to tune the properties through encapsulation. Additionally, promising III-V materials are identified as potential 2D materials for thermal isolation and energy scavenging applications.
Article
Materials Science, Multidisciplinary
Yizhou Yang, Meikang Han, Christopher E. Shuck, Raj K. Sah, Jay R. Paudel, Alexander X. Gray, Yury Gogotsi, Steven J. May
Summary: High electrical conductivity is desired in MXene films for various applications. A systematic study was conducted to understand the contributions of composition and size to resistivity. The results showed that the Ti content correlated with conductivity and carrier mobility, while flake size and d-spacing had a more prominent impact on low-temperature transport.
Article
Materials Science, Multidisciplinary
Grace Cooksley, Marcus K. Dymond, Nicolas A. Stewart, Giselda Bucca, Andrew Hesketh, Joseph Lacey, Yury Gogotsi, Susan Sandeman
Summary: This study investigates the impact of two-dimensional titanium carbide MXene on pathways related to inflammation and epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) using an in vitro LECs model. The results demonstrate that Ti3C2T(x) can decrease the expression of inflammatory cytokines and does not promote EMT, promoting a positive wound healing response.
Article
Chemistry, Physical
Katarina Adstedt, Madeline L. Buxton, Luke C. Henderson, David J. Hayne, Dhriti Nepal, Yury Gogotsi, Vladimir V. Tsukruk
Summary: Carbon fibers are important components in advanced structural composites due to their high strength to weight ratio and thermal and chemical stability. Surface interactions of graphene oxide (GO) and Ti3C2Tx MXene nanoflakes on carbon fibers were studied in this research. The study revealed that these 2D materials not only enhance interface strength but also facilitate efficient charge transfer and increased conductivity, broadening the potential applications of composites.
Article
Chemistry, Physical
Meikang Han, Yury Gogotsi
Summary: The rapid development of communication and electronic technologies has generated new demands for electromagnetic radiation protection. MXenes, a type of two-dimensional transition metal carbides and nitrides, have quickly reshaped the field since their introduction in 2016. This article provides a perspective on the recent progress and challenges of MXenes in electromagnetic jamming protection, specifically electromagnetic interference shielding and microwave absorption. It discusses the intrinsic properties and design strategies of MXenes for optimizing their performance in electromagnetic protection, aiming to clarify misconceptions and objectively assess reported materials. Finally, it examines the future opportunities and challenges in the development of MXenes for electromagnetic radiation protection.
Article
Materials Science, Multidisciplinary
Naresh C. Osti, Xiaobo Lin, Wei Zhao, Xuehang Wang, Chaofan Chen, Yu Gao, Takeshi Torita, Alexander Kolesnikov, Peter T. Cummings, Yury Gogotsi, Eugene Mamontov
Summary: In this study, the impact of 1-ethyl-3-methylimidazolium bis(trifluoromethylsulfonyl)imide, [EmimTFSI], ionic liquid and acetonitrile (ACN) concentrations on the electrochemical performance and ion dynamics of Ti3C2T (x) MXene supercapacitor was investigated. The results indicate that an optimal ACN concentration allows for more cations to attach to the MXene electrode surface, resulting in improved electrochemical performance. This increased capacitance is also associated with enhanced microscopic dynamics of the cation away from the pore wall. These findings provide guidance for optimizing the performance of MXene-based supercapacitors using organic solvents-ionic liquid-based electrolyte systems.
Editorial Material
Multidisciplinary Sciences
Yury Gogotsi
NATIONAL SCIENCE REVIEW
(2023)
Article
Chemistry, Multidisciplinary
Linfei Li, Jeremy F. Schultz, Sayantan Mahapatra, Xiaolong Liu, Xu Zhang, Mark C. Hersam, Nan Jiang
Summary: Ultra-high vacuum tip-enhanced Raman spectroscopy (UHV-TERS) was used to chemically characterize bilayer borophene at the atomic level. The achieved results validated the three-dimensional lattice geometry of bilayer borophene and demonstrated its enhanced chemical stability compared to its monolayer counterpart. This work not only provides fundamental chemical insight into bilayer borophene but also establishes UHV-TERS as a powerful tool to probe atomic-level interlayer bonding and surface reactivity of low-dimensional materials.
ANGEWANDTE CHEMIE-INTERNATIONAL EDITION
(2023)
Article
Chemistry, Physical
Mailis Lounasvuori, Tyler S. Mathis, Yury Gogotsi, Tristan Petit
Summary: Highly concentrated water-in-salt aqueous electrolytes have potential to replace flammable and toxic organic solvents in energy storage devices. By using operando infrared spectroscopy, this study investigates the hydrogen bonding changes of water confined between MXene layers during electrochemical cycling in a water-in-salt electrolyte. The results provide new insights into the structural changes of the electrolyte during Li+ intercalation in the MXene interlayer space.
JOURNAL OF PHYSICAL CHEMISTRY LETTERS
(2023)
Article
Multidisciplinary Sciences
Mailis Lounasvuori, Yangyunli Sun, Tyler S. Mathis, Ljiljana Puskar, Ulrich Schade, De-En Jiang, Yury Gogotsi, Tristan Petit
Summary: This study investigates the hydration structure of protons intercalated in Ti3C2Tx MXene layers and finds that it differs from protons in bulk water. This finding has important implications for characterizing chemical species in energy storage and conversion applications.
NATURE COMMUNICATIONS
(2023)
Article
Chemistry, Multidisciplinary
Teng Zhang, Christopher E. Shuck, Kateryna Shevchuk, Mark Anayee, Yury Gogotsi
Summary: Layered MAX phases and MXenes derived from them have been synthesized to expand the variety of known materials. The synthesis of three families of titanium carbonitride Tin+1Al(C1-y N-y ) n MAX phases and Tin+1(C1-y Ny )(n)T-x MXenes with different 2D layer thicknesses greatly expands the range of materials. The relationship among the composition, structure, stability, and synthesis conditions of the MXenes and their respective Al-based MAX phases has been investigated. These materials will enable fundamental studies of their properties and applications.
JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY
(2023)
Article
Engineering, Biomedical
Yingqiao Wang, Jane E. Hartung, Adam Goad, Matias A. Preisegger, Benjamin Chacon, Michael S. Gold, Yury Gogotsi, Tzahi Cohen-Karni
Summary: This study investigates the biosafety of Ti3C2Tx-based photothermal modulation. It finds that culturing neurons on Ti3C2Tx films and illuminating them with laser pulses do not cause damage to the cell membrane, induce cellular stress, or generate oxidative stress. These findings provide important insights for the clinical translation of photothermal modulation.
ADVANCED HEALTHCARE MATERIALS
(2023)
Article
Materials Science, Multidisciplinary
Meikang Han, Danzhen Zhang, Akash Singh, Tetiana Hryhorchuk, Christopher Eugene Shuck, Teng Zhang, Lingyi Bi, Bernard McBride, Vivek B. Shenoy, Yury Gogotsi
Summary: We have found that the MXene family of two-dimensional carbides and carbonitrides can produce selective and ultrathin films and coatings with different infrared emissivity values and colors. By combining different metals in solid-solution MXenes, the infrared emissivity can be finely tuned. Furthermore, the infrared identification capability has been validated using different MXene coatings and patterned MXene fabrics. MXenes' versatility at optical and infrared wavelengths provides a platform for developing MXene-based smart, flexible devices and wearables capable of selective and localized thermal management.
Article
Materials Science, Multidisciplinary
Akari Seko, Shun Sakaida, Masashi Koyanagi, Yasuaki Okada, Takeshi Torita, Mark Anayee, Mikhail Shekhirev, Yury Gogotsi
Summary: MXenes are two-dimensional nanomaterials with various properties and potential applications in electronics, photonics, energy storage, etc. Their hydrophilicity allows them to absorb water from the environment, resulting in swelling and degradation of the assembled films. In this study, we demonstrate that intercalation of N-methylformamide (NMF) improves the stability of MXene films at high temperatures and humidity through host-guest hydrogen bonding. NMF interacts strongly with the MXene surface and occupies the interlayer spacing, reducing water intercalation and maintaining high electrical conductivity in hot and humid conditions.
MRS COMMUNICATIONS
(2023)
Article
Chemistry, Physical
Mailis Lounasvuori, Tyler S. Mathis, Yury Gogotsi, Tristan Petit
Summary: Highly concentrated water-in-salt aqueous electrolytes, when combined with MXenes, show potential for replacing flammable and toxic solvents in electrochemical energy storage devices. Through operando infrared spectroscopy, this study investigates the hydrogen bonding of water intercalated between MXene layers during electrochemical cycling in a water-in-salt electrolyte. The findings provide new insights into the structural changes of the electrolyte during the intercalation of Li+ in the MXene interlayer space.
JOURNAL OF PHYSICAL CHEMISTRY LETTERS
(2023)
Article
Nanoscience & Nanotechnology
Paraskevi Flouda, Alex Inman, Mariana Gumenna, Daria Bukharina, Valery V. Shevchenko, Yury Gogotsi, Vladimir V. Tsukruk
Summary: By combining MXene nanosheets with branched ionic nanoparticles from polyhedral oligomeric silsesquioxanes (POSS) using an amphiphilicity-driven assembly, a novel composite monolayer has been formed. This monolayer allows for the fabrication of multilayered films with enhanced specific capacitance and improved electrochemical cycling stability. It provides a promising pathway for the development of hybrid electrode architectures for long-term energy cycling and storage.
ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES
(2023)
