Journal
ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES
Volume 11, Issue 14, Pages 13244-13250Publisher
AMER CHEMICAL SOC
DOI: 10.1021/acsami.9b00367
Keywords
Bi0.5Na0.5TiO3; piezoelectric energy harvesting; thin films; cantilevers; poling
Funding
- National Research Foundation of Korea [NRF-2016M3A7B4910151]
- Industrial Strategic Technology Development Program [10079981]
- Korea Institute of Energy Technology Evaluation and Planning - Ministry of Trade, Industry, & Energy (MOTIE) of Korea [20173010013340]
- Creative Materials Discovery Program by the Ministry of Science and ICT [2018M3D1A1058536]
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The successful utilization of Pb-free piezoelectric materials is considered as critical since the piezoelectric material-based thin-film cantilever is still the preferred choice for commercial vibrational energy harvesters. Herein, we introduce a highly efficient piezoelectric energy harvester based on a Pb-free representative compound, Bi0.5Na0.5TiO3, which has not been explored so far. Applying a strong electric field for poling purposes brought unexpectedly huge changes in the dielectric constant and piezoelectric coefficient, which were responsible for the promising power density of 21.2 mu W/cm(2)/g(2)/Hz with 537.7 mV output voltage and 2.22 mu W output power for a 2 mu m thick 0.94(Bi0.5Na0.5)TiO3-0.06BaTiO(3) thin-film cantilever. The power density value is the best so far compared with any reported values for thin-film-based harvesters. As the origin of the effects of poling, the surface potentials across the grain structure are discussed in conjunction with the defect-dipole alignment, as evidenced by the increased oxygen vacancies on the film surface under an external bias field.
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